2011 wecc modeling workshop - load_03_motors.pdf
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8/19/2019 2011 WECC Modeling Workshop - Load_03_Motors.pdf
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Motors
John Undrill
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In our Power Systems
We know that a significant part of the load is 3 phaseinduction motors
But
We don't, and cannot, know exactly how much load,where they are or what they drive
We do know that, except for very special applications
the majority of these motors are of conventional designand characteristics
Characteristics are readily available from catalogs
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There are power systems where 95 percent ofthe load is 3-phase inductions motors
Oil Field - Beam Pumps - normal profileSubmerged Pumps - long,skinny
Miscellaneous Pumps
Oil RefineryMiscellaneous Pumps
Steel Mill - Miscellaneous PumpsFans and BlowersConveyers
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Large Steel Mill
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Industrial motors are well documented
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Large Industrial Motor
Large compressorBoiler feedpump
Conveyer belt
Crusher
Ball mill
Circulating pump
900-1800-3600 rpm
4160 VAC
400-6000KW
Circuit Breaker
Relay protection
Undervoltage
Overvoltage
Overcurrent
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Large Industrial Motor
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Motors are everywhere
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Equivalent Circuit
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Motor Model - High Starting Torque
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Motor1 Induction Motor Design P rameter John Undrill April 2001
L 3.100 Vt 0.700 L" 0.1595 R1 0.0100
L' 0.205 Tv 0.500 Ll 0.1050 L1 0.1000
R 0.010 Ft 58.0 T"o 0.0072 R2 0.0800
T'o 0.821 Tf 1.000 L2 0.1200
H 0.500 Vr 1.000D 2.000 Tvr 1.000 Slip Curr Pwr Torq Pf
Se1 0.000 Acc 0.500 LR 1.0000 6.081 0.991 0.640 0.16
Se1.2 0.001 Run 0.0085 0.979 0.861 0.852 0.88
Vbus 1.000 RPM 1785
Ll 0.105 R1 0.010 L' 0.205 T 'o 0.82095 T1 0.016
Lm 2.995 L1 0.100 L" 0.160 T"o 0.00719 T2 0.709
R2 0.080
R 0.010 L2 0.120
Slip Cur Pwr Trq PF Vi R1 R2 D1 D2 Y1r Yi1 Y2r Y2i Ytr Yti Dyt Ztr Zti Dz Itr Iti
0.0085 0.979 0.861 0.852 0.880 0.947 1.176 9.412 1.394 88.596 0.844 -0.07 0.106 -0.001 0.950 -0.407 1.068 0.899 0.486 1.044 0.861 -0.465
0.0001 0.323 0.011 0.010 0.036 0.966 100.00 800.000 10000. 6400000.010 -0.00 0.001 -0.000 0.011 -0.334 0.112 0.110 3.097 9.601 0.011 -0.323
0.0002 0.323 0.022 0.021 0.068 0.966 50.000 400.000 2500.0 1600000.020 -0.00 0.002 -0.000 0.022 -0.334 0.112 0.210 3.086 9.568 0.022 -0.3230.0003 0.324 0.032 0.031 0.100 0.966 33.333 266.667 1111.1 71111. 0.030 -0.00 0.004 -0.000 0.034 -0.334 0.113 0.309 3.069 9.514 0.032 -0.323
0.0004 0.326 0.043 0.042 0.132 0.966 25.000 200.000 625.01 40000. 0.040 -0.00 0.005 -0.000 0.045 -0.334 0.114 0.406 3.045 9.438 0.043 -0.323
0.0005 0.327 0.053 0.052 0.163 0.966 20.000 160.000 400.01 25600. 0.050 -0.00 0.006 -0.000 0.056 -0.334 0.115 0.499 3.015 9.341 0.053 -0.323
0.0006 0.329 0.064 0.063 0.194 0.965 16.667 133.333 277.78 17777. 0.060 -0.00 0.007 -0.000 0.067 -0.334 0.116 0.590 2.979 9.225 0.064 -0.323
0.0010 0.341 0.106 0.105 0.310 0.965 10.000 80.000 100.01 6400.0 0.100 -0.0010.012 -0.000 0.112 -0.335 0.125 0.911 2.788 8.603 0.106 -0.324
0.0020 0.391 0.210 0.209 0.538 0.964 5.000 40.000 25.010 1600.0 0.200 -0.00 0.025 -0.000 0.225 -0.338 0.165 1.374 2.156 6.535 0.210 -0.330
0.0040 0.547 0.417 0.414 0.762 0.960 2.500 20.000 6.260 400.01 0.399 -0.01 0.050 -0.000 0.449 -0.350 0.325 1.394 1.184 3.345 0.417 -0.354
0.0060 0.733 0.618 0.613 0.843 0.955 1.667 13.333 2.788 177.79 0.598 -0.03 0.075 -0.001 0.673 -0.370 0.590 1.150 0.733 1.860 0.618 -0.394
0.0080 0.929 0.813 0.805 0.875 0.949 1.250 10.000 1.573 100.01 0.795 -0.06 0.100 -0.001 0.895 -0.399 0.960 0.942 0.520 1.158 0.813 -0.449
0.0100 1.127 1.000 0.988 0.888 0.941 1.000 8.000 1.010 64.014 0.990 -0.09 0.125 -0.002 1.115 -0.435 1.432 0.788 0.409 0.788 1.000 -0.519
0.0150 1.606 1.424 1.399 0.887 0.920 0.667 5.333 0.454 28.459 1.467 -0.22 0.187 -0.004 1.654 -0.558 3.049 0.552 0.288 0.388 1.424 -0.743
0.0200 2.047 1.775 1.735 0.867 0.894 0.500 4.000 0.260 16.014 1.923 -0.38 0.250 -0.007 2.173 -0.726 5.248 0.424 0.243 0.239 1.775 -1.020
0.0250 2.444 2.052 1.996 0.840 0.865 0.400 3.200 0.170 10.254 2.353 -0.58 0.312 -0.012 2.665 -0.934 7.974 0.344 0.222 0.167 2.052 -1.326
0.0300 2.793 2.260 2.186 0.809 0.836 0.333 2.667 0.121 7.126 2.752 -0.82 0.374 -0.017 3.127 -1.176 11.159 0.290 0.210 0.128 2.260 -1.641
0.0350 3.097 2.406 2.315 0.777 0.807 0.286 2.286 0.092 5.239 3.118 -1.0910.436 -0.023 3.554 -1.448 14.730 0.251 0.203 0.104 2.406 -1.951
0.0400 3.361 2.502 2.395 0.745 0.779 0.250 2.000 0.073 4.014 3.448 -1.37 0.498 -0.030 3.946 -1.743 18.613 0.222 0.199 0.089 2.502 -2.244
0.0600 4.097 2.572 2.413 0.628 0.684 0.167 1.333 0.038 1.792 4.412 -2.6470.744 -0.067 5.156 -3.048 35.871 0.153 0.190 0.060 2.572 -3.189
0.0700 4.333 2.513 2.335 0.580 0.648 0.143 1.143 0.030 1.321 4.698 -3.28 0.865 -0.091 5.563 -3.713 44.741 0.134 0.188 0.053 2.513 -3.530
0.1000 4.765 2.259 2.043 0.474 0.573 0.100 0.800 0.020 0.654 5.000 -5.00 1.222 -0.183 6.222 -5.517 69.160 0.099 0.185 0.044 2.259 -4.196
0.1100 4.856 2.177 1.953 0.448 0.556 0.091 0.727 0.018 0.543 4.977 -5.47 1.339 -0.221 6.316 -6.030 76.250 0.092 0.184 0.042 2.177 -4.340
0.1200 4.931 2.102 1.871 0.426 0.542 0.083 0.667 0.017 0.459 4.918 -5.90 1.453 -0.262 6.371 -6.497 82.801 0.086 0.183 0.041 2.102 -4.460
0.1300 4.994 2.033 1.796 0.407 0.530 0.077 0.615 0.016 0.393 4.833 -6.28 1.565 -0.305 6.398 -6.922 88.847 0.082 0.183 0.040 2.033 -4.561
0.1400 5.048 1.971 1.729 0.390 0.519 0.071 0.571 0.015 0.341 4.730 -6.62 1.676 -0.352 6.406 -7.307 94.434 0.077 0.182 0.039 1.971 -4.647
0.1500 5.095 1.915 1.668 0.376 0.511 0.067 0.533 0.014 0.299 4.615 -6.92 1.785 -0.402 6.400 -7.659 99.613 0.074 0.182 0.039 1.915 -4.722
0.2000 5.269 1.707 1.444 0.324 0.479 0.050 0.400 0.013 0.174 4.000 -8.00 2.294 -0.688 6.294 -9.022 121.00 0.062 0.180 0.036 1.707 -4.984
0.3000 5.489 1.493 1.207 0.272 0.444 0.033 0.267 0.011 0.086 3.000 -9.00 3.119 -1.403 6.119 -10.737 152.72 0.050 0.175 0.033 1.493 -5.282
0.4000 5.649 1.377 1.074 0.244 0.422 0.025 0.200 0.011 0.054 2.353 -9.41 3.676 -2.206 6.029 -11.952 179.19 0.043 0.172 0.031 1.377 -5.478
0.5000 5.772 1.290 0.973 0.223 0.405 0.020 0.160 0.010 0.040 1.923 -9.61 4.000 -3.000 5.923 -12.949 202.76 0.039 0.169 0.030 1.290 -5.626
0.6000 5.868 1.215 0.888 0.207 0.393 0.017 0.133 0.010 0.032 1.622 -9.73 4.144 -3.729 5.765 -13.793 223.48 0.035 0.167 0.029 1.215 -5.7410.7000 5.942 1.149 0.814 0.193 0.383 0.014 0.114 0.010 0.027 1.400 -9.80 4.162 -4.370 5.562 -14.504 241.29 0.033 0.165 0.028 1.149 -5.830
0.8500 6.024 1.063 0.719 0.177 0.371 0.012 0.094 0.010 0.023 1.160 -9.86 4.047 -5.159 5.207 -15.357 262.94 0.029 0.163 0.028 1.063 -5.929
1.0000 6.081 0.991 0.640 0.163 0.364 0.010 0.080 0.010 0.021 0.990 -9.9013.846 -5.769 4.836 -16.004 279.52 0.027 0.162 0.027 0.991 -5.999
-
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
0 0.2500 0.5000 0.7500 1.0000
Cur
Torque
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
0 0.0200 0.0400 0.0600 0.0800 0.1000
IA motor of cmpldw model
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Inertia is a key parameter
Inertia may, or may not, be a characteristic of the motor
Motor driving pump - mainly motor H = 0.3
Motor driving turbo-compressor - mainly compressor
Motor driving condensor fan - V-belt or gear drive(3m 90rpm) - mainly motor H = 0.3
Motor driving direct drive fan - mainly fan
Motor inertia is readily estimatedDriven load inertia is highly variable
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Motor-Load Shapes
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Inertia Constant of a Cylinder
Dia 9 in OK WR2 0.9561 Kg-m2 22.6405 Lb-ft2
Length 18 in OK H-kva 0.21232 Seconds
Dia 0 cm OK H-kw 0.23591 Seconds
Length 0 cm OK
KW 0.0 OK Mass 0.14731 Tonnes
Pf 0.9 OK 329.964 Pounds
HP 100 OK
Speed 1800 RPM
Radius 0.1143 meter Required
Length 0.4572 meter Metric
Base 80.00 KVA
Result
Voltage 460
FLCurrent 100.412
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Motor Models
Motor1
Motorw
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PSLF Motor1
Parameter Suggested
Name Value
Ls 3.1 Synchronous reactance
Lp 0.2 Transient reactance
Ra 0.01 Stator resistance
Tpo 0.8 Transient rotor time constant
H 0.25 Inertia constant
D 2.0 Load speed exponent
Se1 0.01 Saturation factor at rated voltage
Se2 0.1 Saturation factor at 1.2 pu voltage
Vt 0.7 Undervoltage trip setpoint
Tv 0.05 Undervoltage trip time delay
Ft 0.1 Underfrequency trip setpoint
Tf 99.0 Underfrequency trip time delay
Vr 1.0 Restart voltage
Tvr 99.0 Restart time delay
Acc 0.5 mathematical acceleration factor
Lpp 0.165 Subtransient reactance
Ll 0.1 Stator leakage reactance
Tppo 0.0072 Subtransient time constnat
ndelt 10 Time step subdivision factor
wdelt 0.8 Threshold speed for subdivision
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PSLF Motorw
Pul 0.3 Fraction of constant power load
to be represented by motorw
Ls 3.1 Synchronous reactance
Lp 0.2 Transient reactance
Ra 0.01 Stator resistance
Tpo 0.8 Transient rotor time constant
H 0.25 Inertia constantD 2.0 Load speed exponent
Vt 0.7 Undervoltage trip setpoint
Tv 0.05 Undervoltage trip time delay
Tbkr 0.08 Circuit breaker operating time
Acc 0.5 Mathematical acceleration factor
Lpp 0.165 Subtransient reactance
Tppo 0.0072 Subtransient time constnat
ndelt 10 Time step subdivision factor
wdelt 0.8 Threshold speed for subdivision
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3-phase motor behavior70 msec fault
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3-phase motor behavior50 - 90 msec fault
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3-phase motor behavior50 - 90 msec fault
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Real Power
3-phase motor behavior50 - 90 msec fault
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3-phase motor behavior50 - 90 msec fault
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Wh th 3 h t
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Where are the 3-phase motorsEverywhere
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AC Manufacturer’s motor data~ 25 KVA 3-phase
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Large scale chilled water air conditioning
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L l hill d t i diti i
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Large scale chilled-water air conditioningcompressor may by centrifugal or screw type
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Residential air conditioner motor-
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Residential air conditioner motorcompressor unit
Outdoor part of a/c
system
Reciprocating or scroll
compressor
3600 rpm
230 VAC
2 - 8 KW
Basic contactor
Thermal overload
protection
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Ai di i i
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Air conditioner motor-compressor unit
Outdoor part of a/c
system
Reciprocating or scroll
compressor
3600 rpm
230 VAC
2 - 4 KW
VFD control of
compressor motor
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Ai di i i
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Air conditioner motor-compressor unit
Outdoor part of a/c
system
Reciprocating or scroll
compressor
3600 rpm
230 VAC
2-8 KW
Basic contactor
Thermal overload
protection
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2100 ft h i N Y k
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2100 sq ft house in New York
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M f t ’ S d T C
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Manufacturer s Speed-Torque Curve
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M f t ’ S d T C
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Manufacturer s Speed-Torque Curve
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Simulated Speed Torque Curve
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Simulated Speed-Torque Curve
0
7.5
15.0
22.5
30.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
T o r q u e , N
- m
Speed, per unit
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Single phase capacitor motor
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Single phase capacitor motor
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Si l h i
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Single phase capacitor motor
Diameter 6.5 cm
Length 20.0 cm
Mass 4.6 Kg
KVA base 5.0 KVA
H 0.04 second
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Single phase capacitor motor
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S gle p ase capac to otomodeling at point-on-wave level
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Single phase capacitor motor
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Divx 10 Divy 101.15 Time 1.4
Name Min Max Col CpPu F Fa Fb Fc Fd
0 c0 -200.0 200.0 1 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 c4 -200.0 200.0 3 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Divx 10 Divy 101.15 Time 1.4
Name Min Max Col CpPu F Fa Fb Fc Fd
0 c0 0.0 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 c4 0.0 1.0 3 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ____
Single phase capacitor motorSupply voltage dips to 0.6 per unit for 5 cycles
Current Speed
0 second 0.25 0 second 0.25
39
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0
5
10
15
20
25
0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70
C y l e s t o S t a l l
Dip voltage, %
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.500 0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700
C y c l e s t o s t a l l
Dip voltage, %
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.500 0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700
C y c l e s t o S t a l l
Dip voltage, %
90 deg45 deg0 deg
Supply Impedance, per unit on motor base
Stalling Thresholds
40
Si l h it t
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Single phase capacitor motor
KW KVAR
Terminal voltageTerminal voltage
41
Questions?
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Questions?
42