2011 PRCST SUMMER INSTITUTE

JUNE 21-22, 2011 –

Looking at STEM Career areas

PITTSBURGH TISSUE ENGINEERING INITIATIVE

MCGOWAN INSTITUTE FOR REGENERTIVE MEDICINE

CCI, INC.

PHIPPS CONSERVATORY

OUR HEALTH

STEM Career areas

How to integrate STEM career information into the existing curriculum

Our Health: A relevant, current and existing area of engagement for students at all levels:

Disease/condition related

Injury related: accidents/wars/weather

STEM APPLICATIONS

Tissue Engineering - Regenerative Medicine

STEM Applications

Science: Basic science research/experimentation

Technology: Development of New Techniques

Engineering: New Designs for Solving Problems

Mathematics: Quantification Necessary for Components

GREEN DESIGN

Pa Energy History:

coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear

Fossil Fuel Impacts:

Economics, Environment. Health

Energy Conservation:

Materials, Designs, Economics, Impacts

Energy Use -opportunities

PTEI TEACHER RESEARCH

With content developed by science educators,

the PTEI Outreach Manual in Tissue Engineering

contains problem-based activities for middle-

and high-school students and

instructional/assessment information for

teachers.

IF A STARFISH CAN GROW A NEW ARM, WHY CAN'T I?"

Regenerative medicine is a rapidly growing field

of biomedicine that seeks to create substitute

tissues and organs for the human body, to

repair or replace those whose function is lost

through illness, injury, aging or congenital

anomaly.

GROWING A NEW ARM

It is widely accepted that regenerative medicine

is at the forefront of 21st century medical

research and represents a significant evolution

in medical treatment.

HISTORY OF FOSSIL FUELS IN PA

Coal mining began in PA in the mid-1700s

PA was the 4th largest coal producing state in the US

Two kinds of coal:

Anthracite – hard coal

Bituminous – soft coal

Production grew as population and steel demands

COAL PRODUCTION

Over 10 million tons of bituminous coal mined in PA during the past 200years = ¼ of all

coal ever mined in the US

40 Different layers of coal mined in PA

Layers from a few inches to over eight feet thick

75% of PA coal mined from five different beds

Long term effects – 2,400 miles of streams polluted by AMD

MINING IMPACTS

Accidents

Health – black lung, mine canaries (CO2-Methane)

Strikes – miners’ income, immigration

Mine Safety

Fuel Costs

Air pollution – soot, fine particles

OIL IN PA

The Drake Well – drilled in northwestern PA in 1859

Began an international search for petroleum

Changed the way we live

Early use of oil from seeps

Medicinal

Lamp fuel

Machinery lubrication

WHY TITUSVILLE?

Many active oil seeps in the area

Early wells drilled had struck oil

Wells drilled looking for salt water

Looking for drinking water

Oil was considered a nuisance

Drake’s investment money ran out- and due to other random drilling – the well lasted only a few months before burning to the ground.

IMPACT OF OIL IN PA

Oil regions of PA important in the early days

PA was responsible for ½ of the WORLD’S production of oil until the East Texas oil Boom of 1901

The first great flowing well was on Funk Farm completed in 1861

3,000 barrels per day and more flooding the market

Oil prices at 10 cents a barrel

WHY OIL IN PA?

Hundreds of millions of years ago – northwestern PA was a shallow sea.

Alternating layers of sand and mud trapped oil – after millions of years of burial, heat and pressure – turned into rock.

Stratigraphic Traps accumulate oil due to changes of rock character.

NATURAL GAS

Naturally occurring gas was discovered and identified in America as early as 1626

Drake hit oil and natural gas at 69 feet before the Earth’s surface

Most characterize this well as the beginning of the gas industry in America

A 2-inch diameter pipeline ran 51/2 miles from the well to Titusville, PA

USE OF NATURAL GAS

Early natural gas was used for lighting

In 1885, Robert Bunsen created a device that mixed natural gas with air – so it could be used for cooking and heating.

Once transportation became possible, new u ses were discovered.

First regulated in the US in 1938

HOW MUCH IS THERE?

There is an abundance of natural gas in No. America – but it is a non –renewable resource

It is difficult to get a definite answer as to how much natural gas actually exists.

Most of the natural gas found in No. America is concentrated in relatively distinct geographical areas.

With the onset of shale production significant resource has increased. With PA a lead state.

ENERGY CONSERVATION

To counter the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, many levels of energy conservation have emerged.

Material Design

Structural Design

Individual efforts

Corporate efforts