OregonDepartmentofAviation

2011PavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgram

FinalReportIndividualAirportsFunctionalCategory2

Preparedfor:

StateofOregonDepartmentofAviation

304025thStreetSESalem,Oregon973031125

Preparedby:

PavementConsultantsInc.7530RooseveltWayN.E.

Seattle,Washington981154221

July2011

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TableofContents Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1PavementInventory............................................................................................................. 3 RecordsReview........................................................................................................ 3 NetworkDefinition.................................................................................................. 3 BranchandSectionNames...................................................................................... 4 NetworkIdentifiers.................................................................................................. 5 NetworkIdentification................................................................................. 5 Zone............................................................................................................. 5 FunctionalCategory..................................................................................... 5 FundingGroup............................................................................................. 5 Ownership.................................................................................................... 5 ClimaticRegion............................................................................................ 6 BranchorSectionIdentifiers................................................................................... 6 BranchUse................................................................................................... 6 PavementRank............................................................................................ 6 SurfaceType................................................................................................. 6 StructuralandConstructionHistoryData................................................................ 6 FieldVerification...................................................................................................... 7InspectionSchedule............................................................................................................. 8 DetailedInspection................................................................................................. 8 Methodology................................................................................................ 8 PavementConditionIndexCalculation........................................................ 10 MonthlyDriveByInspection................................................................................... 10RecordKeepingandDataRetrieval..................................................................................... 12 PavementConditionPrediction............................................................................... 13 TypicalMaintenanceRequirements.................................................................................... 16Appendix:YourAirportReport

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TableofContents(continued)

ListofFigures 1. MonthlyDriveByInspectionForm.......................................................................... 112. PerformanceCurveforCategory2ACRunwaysEasternOregon......................... 133. PerformanceCurveforCategory2ACTaxiwaysEasternOregon......................... 144. PerformanceCurveforCategory2ACApronsEasternOregon............................ 145. PerformanceCurveforCategory2AACTaxiwaysEasternOregon...................... 156. PerformanceCurveforCategory2PCCTaxiwaysEasternOregon....................... 15

ListofTables 1. PavementConditionIndexDistressTypesandRelatedCauses.............................. 92. SelectionofNumberofSampleUnitstoInspect..................................................... 103. MicroPAVERReports............................................................................................... 124. UnitCostsfortheVariousWorkPlanActivities...................................................... 16

Introduction TheOregonDepartmentofAviationhasbeencollectingpavementconditioninformationateligibleairportssincethemid1980s.InJanuary1995theFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)mandatedthatanyairportsponsorreceivingand/orrequestingfederalfundsforpavementimprovementprojectsmusthaveimplementedapavementmaintenancemanagementprogram.ThroughtheDepartmentssystemplanningefforts,theairportsincludedintheDepartmentsPavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgramhavebeencomplyingwiththeintentofthelawsincethemid1980s,wellaheadoftheFAAmandate.TheinformationcollectedduringthisstudyensuresthatyourairportcontinuestocomplywiththeFederalmandate.Thedevelopedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogram,asitrelatestoanindividualairport,isdescribedinthisreport.TheOregonDepartmentofAviationroutinelyprovidesinformationtoairportownersandoperatorsthroughouttheStatethatassiststheminmaintainingandoperatingtheirairports.TheStateaddressesmanyissuesaspartoftheirplanningprocess,oneofwhichistoprovidetoeachindividualairport,onathreeyearcycle,areportonpavementcondition.Throughthestatewidestudy,pavementmaintenancemanagementprogramsforalleligibleairportsinthestateareefficientlyandeconomicallycompletedthroughtheDepartmentofAviationsPavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgram.Eachairportowneroroperatormakesfrequentdecisionsaboutthetimingandtypeofmaintenanceandrepairactivitiesthatshouldbecompletedontheirpavementstomaintainacceptablesurfaceconditionandadequateloadcarryingcapacity.Thepavementmaintenancemanagementprogramdescribedinthisdocument,andsupplementedbytheinformationcontainedintheattachedreportpreparedspecificallyforyourairport,willassistyouinmakingnecessarydecisionsaboutpavementmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectsatyourairport,andwillensurecompliancewiththeFederalmandate.Todevelopapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramforeacheligibleairport,theDepartmentofAviationelectedtoconductpavementevaluations(visualinspections),andtoimplementtheMicroPAVERpavementmaintenancemanagementsoftware.TheseactivitieswerecompletedaspartoftheDepartmentsContinuousAviationSystemPlanefforts.MicroPAVERusestheevaluationresultstoefficientlyidentifypavementsrequiringmaintenanceandrehabilitation,andtoestablishprojectpriorities.Thesoftwarecanalsobeusedtoassessoverallpavementnetworkcondition,prepareandforecastthebudgetsrequiredtomaintainthenetworkatanacceptableconditionlevel,andidentifyrequiredmaintenanceandrehabilitationactivities.Thefederallymandatedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogramidentifiesfivemajorrequirements:

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Pavementinventory Inspectionschedule(detailedandmonthly) Recordkeeping Informationretrieval Programfunding

Theapproachtakentomeettheseprogramrequirementsforyourairportisdescribedinthisreport.

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PavementInventory TheFAAmandatedPavementInventoryrequirementspecifiesthatinformationabouteachpieceofpavementatanairportbecompiled.Thisinformationistoinclude,ataminimum:pavementlocation,pavementdimensions,pavementsurfacetype,andlastconstructiondate.TheprocessusedtodevelopthisinformationisdiscussedunderRecordsReview.Additionally,informationiscollectedaboutthepavementsatanairportsoitspavementnetworkcanbedefined.Afterthepavementnetworkisdefined,pavementinspectionscanbecompletedandapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramcanbedeveloped.ThemethodologyfordefiningthepavementnetworkfollowstheRecordsReviewdiscussion. RecordsReviewThefirststepinmeetingFAAspavementmaintenancemanagementprogramrequirementistodevelopamaintenanceandconstructionhistoryforallpavementsatanairport.Forthepast26yearstheOregonDepartmentofAviationhas,foritseligibleairports,beenconductingpavementevaluationstodetermineexistingcondition.In1991PavementConsultantsInc.beganassistingtheDepartmentintheireffortstocompileandupdatethatinformation.Theinformationcollectedwasusedtodevelopapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramforeacheligibleairportasdescribedinthisreport,andyourattachedindividualairportreport.PreviousStatesponsoredprojectsidentifiedpavementlayout,pavementconstructionhistoryandpavementconditionateacheligibleairport.Duringthisinspectioncyclethesedocumentswerereviewed,andfollowupinquiriesonpavementconstructionhistoryweredirectedtotheOregonDepartmentofAviation,theFAA,consultantsandairportsponsors.Basedonthisreview,pavementboundarieswereidentifiedatyourairportandwereplacedonanAutoCADgeneratedbasemap(seeFigure1inyourattachedairportreport).TheestablishedbasemapfulfillstheFAA"PavementInventory"requirementforlocatingpavements,identifyingtheirdimensions,andidentifyingpavementtypeandage. NetworkDefinitionOncethepavementhistoryatanairporthasbeencompiled,individualpavementfeaturescanbeidentified,aprocesscallednetworkdefinition.Thesepavementfeaturesaredefinedonthebasisof:primaryuse,constructionhistory,andtrafficpattern.EachairportisdividedintofeaturesaccordingtotheguidelinescontainedinthecurrenteditionofASTMInternationalStandardD5340,StandardTestMethodforAirportConditionIndexSurveys.Thepavementfeaturesusedinthisprojectaredefinedasfollows.

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Network:Eacheligibleairportconstitutesaseparatepavementnetwork.Branch:Abranchisanyidentifiablepartofapavementnetworkthathasadistinctfunction.Airfieldpavementssuchasindividualrunways,taxiwaysandapronsareeachconsideredtobeaseparatebranch.Section:Asectionisasubdivisionofabranchandhasconsistentcharacteristicsthroughoutitslengthorarea.Thesecharacteristicsinclude:pavementlayermaterialtypeandthickness,constructionhistory,traffic,andpavementcondition.Asectionisthebasicmanagementunitofapavementnetwork,andisthatportionofabranchoverwhichamaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectislikelytobecompleted.SampleUnit:Asampleunitisanarbitrarilydefinedportionofapavementsectionthatisusedwhenperformingdetailedpavementinspections.Itisthesmallestsubdivisioninapavementnetwork.Forflexibleairportpavementssuchasasphaltconcreteorsurfacetreatment,sampleunitsareabout5,000squarefeetinarea.Forrigid(portlandcementconcrete)airportpavements,sampleunitstypicallyincludeapproximately20contiguouspavementslabs.

Beginning26yearsago,branches,sectionsandsampleunitswereestablishedforeacheligibleairportintheOregonsystem.Duringthisproject,thesedivisionswerereviewedandmodifiedasrequired,basedonchangedconditions(newpavements,demolishedpavements),orcompletionofanypavementrelatedmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojects. BranchandSectionNamesEachpavementfeatureisassignedanamethatallowsittobeuniquelyidentifiedinthestatewideairportsystem.Eachbranchnameconsistsofaseriesofcharacters.Thefirstcharacterindicatesthebranchtype:RforRunway,TforTaxiway,AforApronandHforHelipad.Thelasttwocharactersinthebranchnameidentifytheairporttowhichthebranchbelongsandweretakenfromtheairportname.Allbranchesforyourairportcarrythisairportspecifictwoletteridentifier.Theindividualrunway,taxiwayorapronreferencedisidentifiedbycharacterslocatedbetweenthebranchtype(R,T,AorH)andyourtwoletterairportidentifier.Totheextentpossible,theseidentifyingcharacterswerechosentoreflectthefacilitynamesyouuse.Ifthefacilitydoesnothaveanameitwasassignedanumber.Inthecaseofrunways,numbersareusedthatarethelowerofthetworunwaynumberscorrespondingtocompassbearing.Locatedafterahyphenfollowingthebranchnamearetwoorthreealphanumericcharacters.Thesecharactersidentifythesectionwithinthebranch.Anexampleillustratingthenamingconventionis:

R16AB01whichisthenameforRunway16/34,AlbanyMunicipalAirport,Section01.

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Thebranches,sectionsandsampleunitsidentifiedforyourairportareshownonFigure2inyourattachedindividualairportreport. NetworkIdentifiersSeveraldesignatorsareusedtodescribeinformationaboutaparticularairportincludedintheStateSystemPlan.Thesedesignatorsinclude:networkidentification,zone,functionalcategory,fundinggroup,ownershipandclimaticregion. NetworkIdentificationEachairportinthestatewidesystemisassignedauniquenetworkidentifier(name).Thisnameistypicallythenameofthecityinwhichtheairportislocated.Thenetworkidentificationnameforyourairportcanbefoundintheappendicesattachedtoyourairportreport.Thisnetworkidentificationnameisassignedsothatanindividualairportoragroupofairportscontainedinthestatewidedatabasecanbeselectedforevaluation.ThestatewidedatabasecontainsinformationforalleligibleairportsintheState. ZoneZonesareusedtoallowindividualairportswithinthestatewidedatabasetobeseparatelyselectedforanalysis.TheFAAairportdesignatorwasusedasthezonedesignator. FunctionalCategoryEachairportisassignedafunctionalcategorybasedonitsclassificationwithintheStateSystemPlan.Eachairportwasassignedafunctionalcategoryofeither1,2,3,4or5inaccordancewiththecriteriasetforthintheSystemPlan.Thesecategoriescorrespondtothefollowingairporttypes:commercialservice,businessorhighactivitygeneralaviation,regionalgeneralaviation,communitygeneralaviation,andlowactivitygeneralaviation.Thecategoryassignedtoyourairportislistedintheappendicesattachedtoyourairportreport.Thiscategoryassignmentallowsgroupsofairportsindifferentfunctionalcategoriestobeseparatelyevaluated. FundingGroupAirportsintheStatewerecategorizedaseitherNPIASornonNPIAS.NPIASdesignatedairportsareeligibleforprojectfundingundertheFAAsAirportImprovementProgram(AIP).BeingdesignatedasNPIASornonNPIASinthedatabaseallowstheDepartmenttoevaluatefundingalternativesfortheStateairportsystem. OwnershipAirportownershipisdesignatedasPublic,StateorPrivate.ThisdesignationallowstheDepartmenttoevaluatefundingallocationsbasedoneligibilityforStateand/orFederalfunding.

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ClimaticRegionEachairportinthestatewidesystemwasassignedtooneofthethreeclimaticregionseastern,centralorcoastal.Becauseclimaticconditionscanimpactpavementperformances,assigningairportstoaclimaticregionallowspavementperformancetobemoreaccuratelymodeledresultinginmoreaccuratepavementconditionforecasts.

BranchorSectionIdentifiersSeveraldesignatorsareusedtodescribeabranchorsectionsfunction,importanceorconstruction.Thesecharacteristicsare:branchuse,pavementrank,andsurfacetype. BranchUseBranchuseidentifiestheprimaryuseofeachdistinctpavementarea.Foreachairportpavementincludedinthisstudy,abranchuseof"Runway","Taxiway","Apron"orHelipadisassigned,asappropriate. PavementRankPavementrankreferstotherelativeimportanceassignedtomultiplefacilitieshavingthesamebranchuse.Eachpavementsectionisassignedarankofprimary(P),secondary(S)ortertiary(T)asappropriate.Asanexample,anairportwithtworunwaysmightrankthemoreheavilyusedrunwayasprimaryandthelesserusedrunwayassecondary.Thepavementrankassignedtoeachpavementsectionatyourairportcanbefoundintheappendicesattachedtoyourindividualairportreport. SurfaceTypeEachpavementsectionisassignedasurfacetypedesignatorbasedonthetypeofsurfacematerialpresent.ThroughouttheStatesevensurfacetypeswereencountered:asphaltoverlayoverasphaltconcrete(AAC),asphaltconcrete(AC),asphaltconcreteovercementtreatedbase(ACT),asphaltoverlayoverportlandcementconcrete(APC),asphaltconcreteoverpozzolanicbase(APZ),portlandcementconcrete(PCC),andsurfacetreatment(ST).Thesurfacetypeassignedtoeachpavementatyourairportisprovidedinthereportappendedtothisdocument.SurfacetypeidentificationfulfillsoneofFAAs"PavementInventory"requirements. StructuralandConstructionHistoryDataAvailableconstructionrecordsforeachairportwereobtainedfromtheOregonDepartmentofAviation,FederalAviationAdministration,orconsultants.Theserecordswerereviewedtoestablishalastconstructiondateforeachpavementsection.Additionalinformationwasrequestedfromindividualairportsponsorstoupdateorclarifythisinformation,asnecessary.ThelastconstructiondateandknownconstructionhistoryforeachpavementsectioncanbefoundonFigure1inyourindividualairportreport.Thelastconstructiondateisalsoidentifiedinthereportsfoundintheattachedappendixes.Forthosepavementsectionswhereinformationwasnot

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available,alastconstructiondatewasassignedbased onpavementcondition.Last constructiondateidentificationfulfillsthefinalFAA"PavementInventory"requirement. FieldVerificationInformationobtainedthroughtherecordsreviewanddiscussionswithairportsponsors,DepartmentofAviationstaff,FAApersonnelandconsultantstaffwasfieldverifiedtoensurethateachfacilityisaccuratelymappedandproperlysubdividedintobranchesandsections.Modificationstothemaps,and/orbranchandsectiondivisions,weremadeasnecessarywhereverdiscrepanciesinairportgeometry,pavingmaterials,orconstructionhistorywerefoundduringthevisualinspections.

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InspectionSchedule TheFAA'sPavementMaintenanceManagementProgramguidelinesrequireallairportsseekingorreceivingfederalfundsforpavementrelatedprojectstocompletebothdetailedanddrivebyinspections.Theguidelinesrequirethatdetailedinspectionsbeperformedyearly,unlesstheinspectionsareconductedinaccordancewiththePavementConditionIndexmethodologysetforthinASTMD5340,atwhichpointdetailedinspectionsarerequiredonceeverythreeyears.ThePavementConditionIndexinspectionsforOregonsairportsareconductedonathreeyearcyclethuscomplyingwiththeFAAdetailedinspectionrequirement.ThedrivebyinspectionsrequiredbytheFAAaretobecompletedmonthly.Theseinspectionsarecursoryinspectionsthatareperformedtodetectanyunexpectedchangesinpavementcondition.Adescriptionofthedetailedinspectionmethodology,aswellasanapproachtocompletingthemonthlydrivebyinspections,isprovided. DetailedInspection MethodologyPavementconditionindex(PCI)surveyswereperformedinthe2011forallairportsincludedinthisyearsproject.ThesurveyswereperformedusingthePavementConditionIndex(PCI)methodologydevelopedbytheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,andoutlinedinthecurrenteditionofASTMD5340,StandardTestMethodforAirportConditionIndexSurveys.Thisdocumentdefinesdistresstypes,severitylevels,andmethodsformeasuringandrecordingdistresses.ThePCIprocedurewasdevelopedtocollectdatathatwouldprovideengineersandmanagerswithanumericalvalueindicatingoverallpavementcondition,andthatwouldreflectbothpavementstructuralintegrityandoperationalsurfacecondition.Theprocedurewasdesignedtobehighlyrepeatableandwasfoundtobewellcorrelatedwiththejudgmentofexperiencedpavementengineers.APCIsurveyisperformedbymeasuringtheamountandseverityofcertaindefineddistresses(defects)observedinasampleunit.Table1listsboththeasphaltconcreteandportlandcementconcretepavementdistresstypesconsideredinthePCImethod,andalsoidentifiestheirmostcommoncause(load,climate/durability,other).Loadrelateddistressesareapparentwherethepavementhasbeenoverstressedbytrafficloadsappliedtoitssurface.Climate/durabilityrelateddistressesariseduetoexposuretotheenvironment.Otherrelateddistressesarecausedbyactionsnotrelatedtoloadorclimatesuchasfuelspillsorconstructiondeficiencies.

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Table1.PavementConditionIndexDistressTypesandRelatedCauses.

AsphaltConcrete PortlandCementConcrete

PavementDistress RelatedCause PavementDistress RelatedCauseAlligatorCracking Load BlowUp Climate/Durability

Bleeding Other CornerBreak Load

BlockCracking Climate/DurabilityCracks:Longitudinal,

Transverse,andDiagonal

Load

Corrugation Other/Load Durability("D")Crack Climate/DurabilityDepression Other/Load JointSealDamage Climate/Durability

JetBlastErosion Other Patching,Small Other

JointReflectionCracking Climate/Durability Patching,LargeandUtilityCuts Other

LongitudinalandTransverseCracking Climate/Durability Popouts

Other/Climate/Durability

OilSpillage Other Pumping LoadPatchingandUtilityCut

Patching OtherScaling,MapCracking,

Crazing Other

PolishedAggregate Other SettlementorFaulting Load

Raveling Climate/Durability ShatteredSlab/IntersectingCracks Load

Rutting Load ShrinkageCracks Other

Shoving Other Spalling(LongitudinalandTransverseJoint) Other/Load

SlippageCracking Other/Load Spalling(Corner) Other/Load

Swell Other AlkaliSilicaReaction(ASR) Other

Weathering Climate/Durability ToobtainastatisticallyreliablePCIforagivenpavementsectionitisnotnecessarytoinspectallsampleunitsinthatsection.Apredeterminednumberofrandomlychosensampleunitsareselectedforinspectionbasedonthetotalnumberofsampleunitsinthesection.ThesamplingratesusedduringthisstudyareshowninTable2.ThesamplingratescontainedinTable2resultindatathatarereliableata92percentconfidencelevel.

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Table2.SelectionofNumberofSampleUnitstoInspect.

FlexiblePavement RigidPavementN n N n1 1 1 1

23 2 2 246 3 34 3713 4 56 41438 5 78 539+ 6 911 6 1214 7 1519 8 2027 9 2838 10 3958 11 59104 12 105313 13 314+ 14

Where: N=Totalnumberofsampleunitsinapavementsection n=Numberofsampleunitstobesurveyed PavementConditionIndexCalculationTocalculateaPCIforagivensampleunit,eachdistresstypeobservedisassignedadeductvaluebasedonitsdensity(frequencyofoccurrence)withinthatsamplearea,anditsseverity.Alldeductsaresummedandsubsequentlyadjusted(corrected)forthenumberofdifferentdistressesfound.Thiscorrecteddeductvalueissubtractedfrom100,thePCIfora"perfect"pavement,toarriveataPCIforthatparticularsampleunit.ThePCIforapavementsectionistheareaweightedaveragePCIvalueofallsampleunitsevaluatedinthatsection.PavementConditionRatings(PCRs)areassociatedwithrangesofPCIvalues.The colorcoded Figure 3 in your attached individual airport report shows the PCRs and theirassociatedPCIranges,aswellasthepavementconditionatyourairportinMay/June2011. MonthlyDriveByInspectionAspartoftheFAAmandatedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogram,amonthlydrivebyinspectionisrequired.Thisinspectionisintendedtoidentifyabruptchangesinconditionoccurringsincethelastmonthlyinspection,andtorecordanymaintenanceactivitiescompletedduringthepreviousmonth.ThisinspectioncaneasilybeaccomplishedbydrivingyourairportandnotinganychangesormaintenanceperformedontheformprovidedinFigure1.Eachdrivebyinspectionmustnotethedatetheinspectionwascompleted,andrecordanymaintenanceperformedsincethelastinspection.Theserecordsmustbekeptonfileforfiveyears.

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Figure1.MonthlyDriveByInspectionForm. Airport:_________________________________________Date:___________________________________________Inspector:_______________________________________

Facility* Section* DistressesObserved MaintenancePerformedSinceLastInspection

Refer to the Airport Layout,Dimensions and Pavement CrossSections or Pavement Branch,SectionandSampleUnitLayoutfiguresinyourairportreport.

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RecordKeepingandDataRetrieval TheFAApavementmaintenancemanagementprogramrequiresthatcompiledrecordsbekeptforfiveyears.TofacilitaterecordkeepinganddataretrievalattheStatelevel,theMicroPAVERpavementmaintenancemanagementsoftwarewasimplemented.MicroPAVERprovidestheOregonDepartmentofAviationwithamethodforstoringdataandgeneratingreports.MicroPAVERwasdevelopedbytheU.S.ArmyConstructionEngineeringResearchLaboratory(USACERL).TheprogramusestheguidelinescontainedinthecurrenteditionofASTMD5340asitsbasis.Thecurrentversion,Version6.5.1,isaWindowsbasedprogramthatcanstorepavementconditioninformation,aswellasconstructionandmaintenancehistoryinformation.UsingthedatastoredintheMicroPAVERdatabasetheuserhasmanycapabilities,including:evaluatingcurrentcondition,predictingfuturecondition,determiningmaintenanceandrehabilitationneeds,schedulingfutureinspections,andpreparingbudgetestimates.Thestatewidedatabasecontainingtheinformationforallevaluatedairportswasupdatedduringthisproject.Informationforeachindividualairportcaneasilybeextractedfromthestatewidedatabase.Thedatabaseallowsrequiredrecordstobestoredindefinitely,thusmeetingtheFAArequirementthatrecordsbemaintainedforafiveyearperiod.Additionally,thesoftwareallowsdatatoberetrievedquicklyandefficiently.AfterdatawereenteredforeachairportintotheStatesMicroPAVERdatabase,thesoftwarewasusedtoanalyzethestoreddataandtogenerateusefulreports.ThereportsdescribedinTable3weregeneratedforyourairportandareprovidedasappendicestoyourindividualairportreport.

Table3.MicroPAVERReports.

ReportName ReportDescription

BranchCondition

Listsinformationabouteachbranch,including:networkidentification,branchidentification,name,use,numberofsections,totalbranchareaandtheaverageandareaweightedaveragePCIfortheentirebranch.

SectionCondition

Providesinformationabouteachsection,including:branchidentificationandsectionnumber,lastconstructiondate,surfacetype,use,rank,sectionarea,lastinspectiondate,ageofpavementatlastinspectionandthePCIatthelastinspection.

NetworkMaintenance

Appliesthestoreddistressmaintenancepolicytothepavementnetworkandidentifiesthetypeandcostofroutinemaintenancerequiredacrosstheentirenetwork.Informationinthisreportislistedbysection.

ReInspectionSummarizesthedistressdatacollectedduringthemostrecentinspectionandprovidesthePCIforeachsampleunitinspected,aswellassummaryinformationaboutthesection.

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PavementConditionPredictionToallowfuturepavementconditiontobepredicted,datacollectedthroughouttheStatewereusedtogenerate"performancecurves".Thecurvesweredevelopedbasedonsurfacetype,use,airportfunctionalcategoryandclimaticregion.Thesecurves(models)areusedtopredictfuturepavementconditionbyassumingthebehaviorofanindividualpavementsectionissimilartothebehaviorofthepavementsectionsusedtogeneratethe"performancecurve".Figures2through6showtheperformancecurvesusedtomodelpavementsinyourairportsfunctionalcategoryandclimaticregion.

Figure2.PerformanceCurveforCategory2ACRunwaysEasternOregon.

Pave

men

t Con

ditio

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dex

Age (years)

0

25

50

75

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

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Figure3.PerformanceCurveforCategory2ACTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Figure4.PerformanceCurveforCategory2ACApronsEasternOregon.

Pave

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Age (years)

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

Pave

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Figure5.PerformanceCurveforCategory2AACTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Figure6.PerformanceCurveforCategory2PCCTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Pave

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Age (years)

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100

0 5 10 15 20

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TypicalMaintenanceRequirements

TheMicroPAVERgeneratedM&RPlanReportwasusedtoidentifywhenpavementmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectsarerequiredforagivenpavementsection,andwhatrepairtypeismostappropriate.Therepairstrategiesevaluatedwere:

Reconstruction(pavementswithPavementConditionIndiceslessthan40). Overlayflexiblepavements(runwayswithPavementConditionIndicesbetween40and

55,taxiwaysbetween40and50,apronsbetween40and45,andpavementsexhibitingsignificantloadrelateddistresswithPCIsabovethecriticalPCI).

Globalmaintenance(fogseal,slurrysealorthin(2inch)overlay)appliedonauserspecifiedinterval(6yearsforafogseal,6yearsforaslurryseal,and10yearsforanoverlay).Theglobalmaintenancetyperecommendedisbasedonthedistresstypesobservedinthesectionduringthevisualinspections.

Routinemaintenance,suchascracksealingandpatching.TheM&RPlanReportwasgeneratedfora5yearperiodbeginninginJune2012.Includedintheworkplanareestimatedcostsforeachrecommendedproject.Thecostsareestimatedbyapplyingaunitcostfortherecommendedactivitytothesquarefootareaofthepavementsection.Theunitcostsincludeadjustmentsforengineeringandadministration,mobilization,restripingandcontingency.TheunitcostsusedtodeveloptheworkplanactivitycostareshowninTable4.Therecommendedworkplanforyourairportisprovidedinyourattachedindividualairportreport.

Table4.UnitCostsfortheVariousWorkPlanActivities.

Activity Unit UnitCostFogSeal SF $0.12SlurrySeal SF $0.23

2AsphaltConcreteOverlay SF $1.002ACMillandReplace SF $1.50

Reconstruction SF $3.91$6.66ResealPCCJointsw/HotPourSealant LF $2.00

OregonDepartmentofAviation

2011PavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgram

FinalReportIndividualAirportsFunctionalCategory3

Preparedfor:

StateofOregonDepartmentofAviation

304025thStreetSESalem,Oregon973031125

Preparedby:

PavementConsultantsInc.7530RooseveltWayN.E.

Seattle,Washington981154221

July2011

i

TableofContents Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1PavementInventory............................................................................................................. 3 RecordsReview........................................................................................................ 3 NetworkDefinition.................................................................................................. 3 BranchandSectionNames...................................................................................... 4 NetworkIdentifiers.................................................................................................. 5 NetworkIdentification................................................................................. 5 Zone............................................................................................................. 5 FunctionalCategory..................................................................................... 5 FundingGroup............................................................................................. 5 Ownership.................................................................................................... 5 ClimaticRegion............................................................................................ 6 BranchorSectionIdentifiers................................................................................... 6 BranchUse................................................................................................... 6 PavementRank............................................................................................ 6 SurfaceType................................................................................................. 6 StructuralandConstructionHistoryData................................................................ 6 FieldVerification...................................................................................................... 7InspectionSchedule............................................................................................................. 8 DetailedInspection................................................................................................. 8 Methodology................................................................................................ 8 PavementConditionIndexCalculation........................................................ 10 MonthlyDriveByInspection................................................................................... 10RecordKeepingandDataRetrieval..................................................................................... 12 PavementConditionPrediction............................................................................... 13 TypicalMaintenanceRequirements.................................................................................... 18Appendix:YourAirportReport

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TableofContents(continued)

ListofFigures 1. MonthlyDriveByInspectionForm.......................................................................... 112. PerformanceCurveforCategory3ACRunwaysEasternOregon......................... 133. PerformanceCurveforCategory3ACTaxiwaysEasternOregon......................... 144. PerformanceCurveforCategory3ACApronsEasternOregon............................ 145. PerformanceCurveforCategory3AACRunwaysEasternOregon....................... 156. PerformanceCurveforCategory3AACTaxiwaysEasternOregon...................... 157. PerformanceCurveforCategory3AACApronsEasternOregon.......................... 168. PerformanceCurveforCategory3PCCRunwaysEasternOregon........................ 169. PerformanceCurveforCategory3PCCApronsEasternOregon.......................... 17

ListofTables 1. PavementConditionIndexDistressTypesandRelatedCauses.............................. 92. SelectionofNumberofSampleUnitstoInspect..................................................... 103. MicroPAVERReports............................................................................................... 124. UnitCostsfortheVariousWorkPlanActivities...................................................... 18

Introduction TheOregonDepartmentofAviationhasbeencollectingpavementconditioninformationateligibleairportssincethemid1980s.InJanuary1995theFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)mandatedthatanyairportsponsorreceivingand/orrequestingfederalfundsforpavementimprovementprojectsmusthaveimplementedapavementmaintenancemanagementprogram.ThroughtheDepartmentssystemplanningefforts,theairportsincludedintheDepartmentsPavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgramhavebeencomplyingwiththeintentofthelawsincethemid1980s,wellaheadoftheFAAmandate.TheinformationcollectedduringthisstudyensuresthatyourairportcontinuestocomplywiththeFederalmandate.Thedevelopedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogram,asitrelatestoanindividualairport,isdescribedinthisreport.TheOregonDepartmentofAviationroutinelyprovidesinformationtoairportownersandoperatorsthroughouttheStatethatassiststheminmaintainingandoperatingtheirairports.TheStateaddressesmanyissuesaspartoftheirplanningprocess,oneofwhichistoprovidetoeachindividualairport,onathreeyearcycle,areportonpavementcondition.Throughthestatewidestudy,pavementmaintenancemanagementprogramsforalleligibleairportsinthestateareefficientlyandeconomicallycompletedthroughtheDepartmentofAviationsPavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgram.Eachairportowneroroperatormakesfrequentdecisionsaboutthetimingandtypeofmaintenanceandrepairactivitiesthatshouldbecompletedontheirpavementstomaintainacceptablesurfaceconditionandadequateloadcarryingcapacity.Thepavementmaintenancemanagementprogramdescribedinthisdocument,andsupplementedbytheinformationcontainedintheattachedreportpreparedspecificallyforyourairport,willassistyouinmakingnecessarydecisionsaboutpavementmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectsatyourairport,andwillensurecompliancewiththeFederalmandate.Todevelopapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramforeacheligibleairport,theDepartmentofAviationelectedtoconductpavementevaluations(visualinspections),andtoimplementtheMicroPAVERpavementmaintenancemanagementsoftware.TheseactivitieswerecompletedaspartoftheDepartmentsContinuousAviationSystemPlanefforts.MicroPAVERusestheevaluationresultstoefficientlyidentifypavementsrequiringmaintenanceandrehabilitation,andtoestablishprojectpriorities.Thesoftwarecanalsobeusedtoassessoverallpavementnetworkcondition,prepareandforecastthebudgetsrequiredtomaintainthenetworkatanacceptableconditionlevel,andidentifyrequiredmaintenanceandrehabilitationactivities.Thefederallymandatedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogramidentifiesfivemajorrequirements:

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Pavementinventory Inspectionschedule(detailedandmonthly) Recordkeeping Informationretrieval Programfunding

Theapproachtakentomeettheseprogramrequirementsforyourairportisdescribedinthisreport.

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PavementInventory TheFAAmandatedPavementInventoryrequirementspecifiesthatinformationabouteachpieceofpavementatanairportbecompiled.Thisinformationistoinclude,ataminimum:pavementlocation,pavementdimensions,pavementsurfacetype,andlastconstructiondate.TheprocessusedtodevelopthisinformationisdiscussedunderRecordsReview.Additionally,informationiscollectedaboutthepavementsatanairportsoitspavementnetworkcanbedefined.Afterthepavementnetworkisdefined,pavementinspectionscanbecompletedandapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramcanbedeveloped.ThemethodologyfordefiningthepavementnetworkfollowstheRecordsReviewdiscussion. RecordsReviewThefirststepinmeetingFAAspavementmaintenancemanagementprogramrequirementistodevelopamaintenanceandconstructionhistoryforallpavementsatanairport.Forthepast26yearstheOregonDepartmentofAviationhas,foritseligibleairports,beenconductingpavementevaluationstodetermineexistingcondition.In1991PavementConsultantsInc.beganassistingtheDepartmentintheireffortstocompileandupdatethatinformation.Theinformationcollectedwasusedtodevelopapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramforeacheligibleairportasdescribedinthisreport,andyourattachedindividualairportreport.PreviousStatesponsoredprojectsidentifiedpavementlayout,pavementconstructionhistoryandpavementconditionateacheligibleairport.Duringthisinspectioncyclethesedocumentswerereviewed,andfollowupinquiriesonpavementconstructionhistoryweredirectedtotheOregonDepartmentofAviation,theFAA,consultantsandairportsponsors.Basedonthisreview,pavementboundarieswereidentifiedatyourairportandwereplacedonanAutoCADgeneratedbasemap(seeFigure1inyourattachedairportreport).TheestablishedbasemapfulfillstheFAA"PavementInventory"requirementforlocatingpavements,identifyingtheirdimensions,andidentifyingpavementtypeandage. NetworkDefinitionOncethepavementhistoryatanairporthasbeencompiled,individualpavementfeaturescanbeidentified,aprocesscallednetworkdefinition.Thesepavementfeaturesaredefinedonthebasisof:primaryuse,constructionhistory,andtrafficpattern.EachairportisdividedintofeaturesaccordingtotheguidelinescontainedinthecurrenteditionofASTMInternationalStandardD5340,StandardTestMethodforAirportConditionIndexSurveys.Thepavementfeaturesusedinthisprojectaredefinedasfollows.

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Network:Eacheligibleairportconstitutesaseparatepavementnetwork.Branch:Abranchisanyidentifiablepartofapavementnetworkthathasadistinctfunction.Airfieldpavementssuchasindividualrunways,taxiwaysandapronsareeachconsideredtobeaseparatebranch.Section:Asectionisasubdivisionofabranchandhasconsistentcharacteristicsthroughoutitslengthorarea.Thesecharacteristicsinclude:pavementlayermaterialtypeandthickness,constructionhistory,traffic,andpavementcondition.Asectionisthebasicmanagementunitofapavementnetwork,andisthatportionofabranchoverwhichamaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectislikelytobecompleted.SampleUnit:Asampleunitisanarbitrarilydefinedportionofapavementsectionthatisusedwhenperformingdetailedpavementinspections.Itisthesmallestsubdivisioninapavementnetwork.Forflexibleairportpavementssuchasasphaltconcreteorsurfacetreatment,sampleunitsareabout5,000squarefeetinarea.Forrigid(portlandcementconcrete)airportpavements,sampleunitstypicallyincludeapproximately20contiguouspavementslabs.

Beginning26yearsago,branches,sectionsandsampleunitswereestablishedforeacheligibleairportintheOregonsystem.Duringthisproject,thesedivisionswerereviewedandmodifiedasrequired,basedonchangedconditions(newpavements,demolishedpavements),orcompletionofanypavementrelatedmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojects. BranchandSectionNamesEachpavementfeatureisassignedanamethatallowsittobeuniquelyidentifiedinthestatewideairportsystem.Eachbranchnameconsistsofaseriesofcharacters.Thefirstcharacterindicatesthebranchtype:RforRunway,TforTaxiway,AforApronandHforHelipad.Thelasttwocharactersinthebranchnameidentifytheairporttowhichthebranchbelongsandweretakenfromtheairportname.Allbranchesforyourairportcarrythisairportspecifictwoletteridentifier.Theindividualrunway,taxiwayorapronreferencedisidentifiedbycharacterslocatedbetweenthebranchtype(R,T,AorH)andyourtwoletterairportidentifier.Totheextentpossible,theseidentifyingcharacterswerechosentoreflectthefacilitynamesyouuse.Ifthefacilitydoesnothaveanameitwasassignedanumber.Inthecaseofrunways,numbersareusedthatarethelowerofthetworunwaynumberscorrespondingtocompassbearing.Locatedafterahyphenfollowingthebranchnamearetwoorthreealphanumericcharacters.Thesecharactersidentifythesectionwithinthebranch.Anexampleillustratingthenamingconventionis:

R16AB01whichisthenameforRunway16/34,AlbanyMunicipalAirport,Section01.

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Thebranches,sectionsandsampleunitsidentifiedforyourairportareshownonFigure2inyourattachedindividualairportreport. NetworkIdentifiersSeveraldesignatorsareusedtodescribeinformationaboutaparticularairportincludedintheStateSystemPlan.Thesedesignatorsinclude:networkidentification,zone,functionalcategory,fundinggroup,ownershipandclimaticregion. NetworkIdentificationEachairportinthestatewidesystemisassignedauniquenetworkidentifier(name).Thisnameistypicallythenameofthecityinwhichtheairportislocated.Thenetworkidentificationnameforyourairportcanbefoundintheappendicesattachedtoyourairportreport.Thisnetworkidentificationnameisassignedsothatanindividualairportoragroupofairportscontainedinthestatewidedatabasecanbeselectedforevaluation.ThestatewidedatabasecontainsinformationforalleligibleairportsintheState. ZoneZonesareusedtoallowindividualairportswithinthestatewidedatabasetobeseparatelyselectedforanalysis.TheFAAairportdesignatorwasusedasthezonedesignator. FunctionalCategoryEachairportisassignedafunctionalcategorybasedonitsclassificationwithintheStateSystemPlan.Eachairportwasassignedafunctionalcategoryofeither1,2,3,4or5inaccordancewiththecriteriasetforthintheSystemPlan.Thesecategoriescorrespondtothefollowingairporttypes:commercialservice,businessorhighactivitygeneralaviation,regionalgeneralaviation,communitygeneralaviation,andlowactivitygeneralaviation.Thecategoryassignedtoyourairportislistedintheappendicesattachedtoyourairportreport.Thiscategoryassignmentallowsgroupsofairportsindifferentfunctionalcategoriestobeseparatelyevaluated. FundingGroupAirportsintheStatewerecategorizedaseitherNPIASornonNPIAS.NPIASdesignatedairportsareeligibleforprojectfundingundertheFAAsAirportImprovementProgram(AIP).BeingdesignatedasNPIASornonNPIASinthedatabaseallowstheDepartmenttoevaluatefundingalternativesfortheStateairportsystem. OwnershipAirportownershipisdesignatedasPublic,StateorPrivate.ThisdesignationallowstheDepartmenttoevaluatefundingallocationsbasedoneligibilityforStateand/orFederalfunding.

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ClimaticRegionEachairportinthestatewidesystemwasassignedtooneofthethreeclimaticregionseastern,centralorcoastal.Becauseclimaticconditionscanimpactpavementperformances,assigningairportstoaclimaticregionallowspavementperformancetobemoreaccuratelymodeledresultinginmoreaccuratepavementconditionforecasts.

BranchorSectionIdentifiersSeveraldesignatorsareusedtodescribeabranchorsectionsfunction,importanceorconstruction.Thesecharacteristicsare:branchuse,pavementrank,andsurfacetype. BranchUseBranchuseidentifiestheprimaryuseofeachdistinctpavementarea.Foreachairportpavementincludedinthisstudy,abranchuseof"Runway","Taxiway","Apron"orHelipadisassigned,asappropriate. PavementRankPavementrankreferstotherelativeimportanceassignedtomultiplefacilitieshavingthesamebranchuse.Eachpavementsectionisassignedarankofprimary(P),secondary(S)ortertiary(T)asappropriate.Asanexample,anairportwithtworunwaysmightrankthemoreheavilyusedrunwayasprimaryandthelesserusedrunwayassecondary.Thepavementrankassignedtoeachpavementsectionatyourairportcanbefoundintheappendicesattachedtoyourindividualairportreport. SurfaceTypeEachpavementsectionisassignedasurfacetypedesignatorbasedonthetypeofsurfacematerialpresent.ThroughouttheStatesevensurfacetypeswereencountered:asphaltoverlayoverasphaltconcrete(AAC),asphaltconcrete(AC),asphaltconcreteovercementtreatedbase(ACT),asphaltoverlayoverportlandcementconcrete(APC),asphaltconcreteoverpozzolanicbase(APZ),portlandcementconcrete(PCC),andsurfacetreatment(ST).Thesurfacetypeassignedtoeachpavementatyourairportisprovidedinthereportappendedtothisdocument.SurfacetypeidentificationfulfillsoneofFAAs"PavementInventory"requirements. StructuralandConstructionHistoryDataAvailableconstructionrecordsforeachairportwereobtainedfromtheOregonDepartmentofAviation,FederalAviationAdministration,orconsultants.Theserecordswerereviewedtoestablishalastconstructiondateforeachpavementsection.Additionalinformationwasrequestedfromindividualairportsponsorstoupdateorclarifythisinformation,asnecessary.ThelastconstructiondateandknownconstructionhistoryforeachpavementsectioncanbefoundonFigure1inyourindividualairportreport.Thelastconstructiondateisalsoidentifiedinthereportsfoundintheattachedappendixes.Forthosepavementsectionswhereinformationwasnot

7

available,alastconstructiondatewasassignedbased onpavementcondition.Last constructiondateidentificationfulfillsthefinalFAA"PavementInventory"requirement. FieldVerificationInformationobtainedthroughtherecordsreviewanddiscussionswithairportsponsors,DepartmentofAviationstaff,FAApersonnelandconsultantstaffwasfieldverifiedtoensurethateachfacilityisaccuratelymappedandproperlysubdividedintobranchesandsections.Modificationstothemaps,and/orbranchandsectiondivisions,weremadeasnecessarywhereverdiscrepanciesinairportgeometry,pavingmaterials,orconstructionhistorywerefoundduringthevisualinspections.

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InspectionSchedule TheFAA'sPavementMaintenanceManagementProgramguidelinesrequireallairportsseekingorreceivingfederalfundsforpavementrelatedprojectstocompletebothdetailedanddrivebyinspections.Theguidelinesrequirethatdetailedinspectionsbeperformedyearly,unlesstheinspectionsareconductedinaccordancewiththePavementConditionIndexmethodologysetforthinASTMD5340,atwhichpointdetailedinspectionsarerequiredonceeverythreeyears.ThePavementConditionIndexinspectionsforOregonsairportsareconductedonathreeyearcyclethuscomplyingwiththeFAAdetailedinspectionrequirement.ThedrivebyinspectionsrequiredbytheFAAaretobecompletedmonthly.Theseinspectionsarecursoryinspectionsthatareperformedtodetectanyunexpectedchangesinpavementcondition.Adescriptionofthedetailedinspectionmethodology,aswellasanapproachtocompletingthemonthlydrivebyinspections,isprovided. DetailedInspection MethodologyPavementconditionindex(PCI)surveyswereperformedinthe2011forallairportsincludedinthisyearsproject.ThesurveyswereperformedusingthePavementConditionIndex(PCI)methodologydevelopedbytheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,andoutlinedinthecurrenteditionofASTMD5340,StandardTestMethodforAirportConditionIndexSurveys.Thisdocumentdefinesdistresstypes,severitylevels,andmethodsformeasuringandrecordingdistresses.ThePCIprocedurewasdevelopedtocollectdatathatwouldprovideengineersandmanagerswithanumericalvalueindicatingoverallpavementcondition,andthatwouldreflectbothpavementstructuralintegrityandoperationalsurfacecondition.Theprocedurewasdesignedtobehighlyrepeatableandwasfoundtobewellcorrelatedwiththejudgmentofexperiencedpavementengineers.APCIsurveyisperformedbymeasuringtheamountandseverityofcertaindefineddistresses(defects)observedinasampleunit.Table1listsboththeasphaltconcreteandportlandcementconcretepavementdistresstypesconsideredinthePCImethod,andalsoidentifiestheirmostcommoncause(load,climate/durability,other).Loadrelateddistressesareapparentwherethepavementhasbeenoverstressedbytrafficloadsappliedtoitssurface.Climate/durabilityrelateddistressesariseduetoexposuretotheenvironment.Otherrelateddistressesarecausedbyactionsnotrelatedtoloadorclimatesuchasfuelspillsorconstructiondeficiencies.

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Table1.PavementConditionIndexDistressTypesandRelatedCauses.

AsphaltConcrete PortlandCementConcrete

PavementDistress RelatedCause PavementDistress RelatedCauseAlligatorCracking Load BlowUp Climate/Durability

Bleeding Other CornerBreak Load

BlockCracking Climate/DurabilityCracks:Longitudinal,

Transverse,andDiagonal

Load

Corrugation Other/Load Durability("D")Crack Climate/DurabilityDepression Other/Load JointSealDamage Climate/Durability

JetBlastErosion Other Patching,Small Other

JointReflectionCracking Climate/Durability Patching,LargeandUtilityCuts Other

LongitudinalandTransverseCracking Climate/Durability Popouts

Other/Climate/Durability

OilSpillage Other Pumping LoadPatchingandUtilityCut

Patching OtherScaling,MapCracking,

Crazing Other

PolishedAggregate Other SettlementorFaulting Load

Raveling Climate/Durability ShatteredSlab/IntersectingCracks Load

Rutting Load ShrinkageCracks Other

Shoving Other Spalling(LongitudinalandTransverseJoint) Other/Load

SlippageCracking Other/Load Spalling(Corner) Other/Load

Swell Other AlkaliSilicaReaction(ASR) Other

Weathering Climate/Durability ToobtainastatisticallyreliablePCIforagivenpavementsectionitisnotnecessarytoinspectallsampleunitsinthatsection.Apredeterminednumberofrandomlychosensampleunitsareselectedforinspectionbasedonthetotalnumberofsampleunitsinthesection.ThesamplingratesusedduringthisstudyareshowninTable2.ThesamplingratescontainedinTable2resultindatathatarereliableata92percentconfidencelevel.

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Table2.SelectionofNumberofSampleUnitstoInspect.

FlexiblePavement RigidPavementN n N n1 1 1 1

23 2 2 246 3 34 3713 4 56 41438 5 78 539+ 6 911 6 1214 7 1519 8 2027 9 2838 10 3958 11 59104 12 105313 13 314+ 14

Where: N=Totalnumberofsampleunitsinapavementsection n=Numberofsampleunitstobesurveyed PavementConditionIndexCalculationTocalculateaPCIforagivensampleunit,eachdistresstypeobservedisassignedadeductvaluebasedonitsdensity(frequencyofoccurrence)withinthatsamplearea,anditsseverity.Alldeductsaresummedandsubsequentlyadjusted(corrected)forthenumberofdifferentdistressesfound.Thiscorrecteddeductvalueissubtractedfrom100,thePCIfora"perfect"pavement,toarriveataPCIforthatparticularsampleunit.ThePCIforapavementsectionistheareaweightedaveragePCIvalueofallsampleunitsevaluatedinthatsection.PavementConditionRatings(PCRs)areassociatedwithrangesofPCIvalues.The colorcoded Figure 3 in your attached individual airport report shows the PCRs and theirassociatedPCIranges,aswellasthepavementconditionatyourairportinMay/June2011. MonthlyDriveByInspectionAspartoftheFAAmandatedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogram,amonthlydrivebyinspectionisrequired.Thisinspectionisintendedtoidentifyabruptchangesinconditionoccurringsincethelastmonthlyinspection,andtorecordanymaintenanceactivitiescompletedduringthepreviousmonth.ThisinspectioncaneasilybeaccomplishedbydrivingyourairportandnotinganychangesormaintenanceperformedontheformprovidedinFigure1.Eachdrivebyinspectionmustnotethedatetheinspectionwascompleted,andrecordanymaintenanceperformedsincethelastinspection.Theserecordsmustbekeptonfileforfiveyears.

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Figure1.MonthlyDriveByInspectionForm. Airport:_________________________________________Date:___________________________________________Inspector:_______________________________________

Facility* Section* DistressesObserved MaintenancePerformedSinceLastInspection

Refer to the Airport Layout,Dimensions and Pavement CrossSections or Pavement Branch,SectionandSampleUnitLayoutfiguresinyourairportreport.

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RecordKeepingandDataRetrieval TheFAApavementmaintenancemanagementprogramrequiresthatcompiledrecordsbekeptforfiveyears.TofacilitaterecordkeepinganddataretrievalattheStatelevel,theMicroPAVERpavementmaintenancemanagementsoftwarewasimplemented.MicroPAVERprovidestheOregonDepartmentofAviationwithamethodforstoringdataandgeneratingreports.MicroPAVERwasdevelopedbytheU.S.ArmyConstructionEngineeringResearchLaboratory(USACERL).TheprogramusestheguidelinescontainedinthecurrenteditionofASTMD5340asitsbasis.Thecurrentversion,Version6.5.1,isaWindowsbasedprogramthatcanstorepavementconditioninformation,aswellasconstructionandmaintenancehistoryinformation.UsingthedatastoredintheMicroPAVERdatabasetheuserhasmanycapabilities,including:evaluatingcurrentcondition,predictingfuturecondition,determiningmaintenanceandrehabilitationneeds,schedulingfutureinspections,andpreparingbudgetestimates.Thestatewidedatabasecontainingtheinformationforallevaluatedairportswasupdatedduringthisproject.Informationforeachindividualairportcaneasilybeextractedfromthestatewidedatabase.Thedatabaseallowsrequiredrecordstobestoredindefinitely,thusmeetingtheFAArequirementthatrecordsbemaintainedforafiveyearperiod.Additionally,thesoftwareallowsdatatoberetrievedquicklyandefficiently.AfterdatawereenteredforeachairportintotheStatesMicroPAVERdatabase,thesoftwarewasusedtoanalyzethestoreddataandtogenerateusefulreports.ThereportsdescribedinTable3weregeneratedforyourairportandareprovidedasappendicestoyourindividualairportreport.

Table3.MicroPAVERReports.

ReportName ReportDescription

BranchCondition

Listsinformationabouteachbranch,including:networkidentification,branchidentification,name,use,numberofsections,totalbranchareaandtheaverageandareaweightedaveragePCIfortheentirebranch.

SectionCondition

Providesinformationabouteachsection,including:branchidentificationandsectionnumber,lastconstructiondate,surfacetype,use,rank,sectionarea,lastinspectiondate,ageofpavementatlastinspectionandthePCIatthelastinspection.

NetworkMaintenance

Appliesthestoreddistressmaintenancepolicytothepavementnetworkandidentifiesthetypeandcostofroutinemaintenancerequiredacrosstheentirenetwork.Informationinthisreportislistedbysection.

ReInspectionSummarizesthedistressdatacollectedduringthemostrecentinspectionandprovidesthePCIforeachsampleunitinspected,aswellassummaryinformationaboutthesection.

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PavementConditionPredictionToallowfuturepavementconditiontobepredicted,datacollectedthroughouttheStatewereusedtogenerate"performancecurves".Thecurvesweredevelopedbasedonsurfacetype,use,airportfunctionalcategoryandclimaticregion.Thesecurves(models)areusedtopredictfuturepavementconditionbyassumingthebehaviorofanindividualpavementsectionissimilartothebehaviorofthepavementsectionsusedtogeneratethe"performancecurve".Figures2through9showtheperformancecurvesusedtomodelpavementsinyourairportsfunctionalcategoryandclimaticregion.

Figure2.PerformanceCurveforCategory3ACRunwaysEasternOregon.

Pave

men

t Con

ditio

n In

dex

Age (years)

0

25

50

75

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

14

Figure3.PerformanceCurveforCategory3ACTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Figure4.PerformanceCurveforCategory3ACApronsEasternOregon.

Pave

men

t Con

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dex

Age (years)

0

25

50

75

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Pave

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Age (years)

0

25

50

75

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

15

Figure5.PerformanceCurveforCategory3AACRunwayseasternOregon.

Figure6.PerformanceCurveforCategory3AACTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Pave

men

t Con

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Age (years)

0

25

50

75

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Pave

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Age (years)

0

25

50

75

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

16

Figure7.PerformanceCurveforCategory3AACApronsEasternOregon.

Figure8.PerformanceCurveforCategory3PCCRunwaysEasternOregon.

Pave

men

t Con

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dex

Age (years)

0

25

50

75

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Pave

men

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Age (years)

0

25

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

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Figure9.PerformanceCurveforCategory3PCCApronsEasternOregon.

Pave

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Age (years)

0

25

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

18

TypicalMaintenanceRequirements

TheMicroPAVERgeneratedM&RPlanReportwasusedtoidentifywhenpavementmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectsarerequiredforagivenpavementsection,andwhatrepairtypeismostappropriate.Therepairstrategiesevaluatedwere:

Reconstruction(pavementswithPavementConditionIndiceslessthan40). Overlayflexiblepavements(runwayswithPavementConditionIndicesbetween40and

55,taxiwaysbetween40and50,apronsbetween40and45,andpavementsexhibitingsignificantloadrelateddistresswithPCIsabovethecriticalPCI).

Globalmaintenance(fogseal,slurrysealorthin(2inch)overlay)appliedonauserspecifiedinterval(6yearsforafogseal,6yearsforaslurryseal,and10yearsforanoverlay).Theglobalmaintenancetyperecommendedisbasedonthedistresstypesobservedinthesectionduringthevisualinspections.

Routinemaintenance,suchascracksealingandpatching.TheM&RPlanReportwasgeneratedfora5yearperiodbeginninginJune2012.Includedintheworkplanareestimatedcostsforeachrecommendedproject.Thecostsareestimatedbyapplyingaunitcostfortherecommendedactivitytothesquarefootareaofthepavementsection.Theunitcostsincludeadjustmentsforengineeringandadministration,mobilization,restripingandcontingency.TheunitcostsusedtodeveloptheworkplanactivitycostareshowninTable4.Therecommendedworkplanforyourairportisprovidedinyourattachedindividualairportreport.

Table4.UnitCostsfortheVariousWorkPlanActivities.

Activity Unit UnitCostFogSeal SF $0.12SlurrySeal SF $0.23

2AsphaltConcreteOverlay SF $1.002ACMillandReplace SF $1.50

Reconstruction SF $3.91$6.66ResealPCCJointsw/HotPourSealant LF $2.00

OregonDepartmentofAviation

2011PavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgram

FinalReportIndividualAirportsFunctionalCategory4

Preparedfor:

StateofOregonDepartmentofAviation

304025thStreetSESalem,Oregon973031125

Preparedby:

PavementConsultantsInc.7530RooseveltWayN.E.

Seattle,Washington981154221

July2011

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TableofContents Introduction....................................................................................................................1PavementInventory............................................................................................................. 3 RecordsReview........................................................................................................ 3 NetworkDefinition.................................................................................................. 3 BranchandSectionNames...................................................................................... 4 NetworkIdentifiers.................................................................................................. 5 NetworkIdentification................................................................................. 5 Zone............................................................................................................. 5 FunctionalCategory..................................................................................... 5 FundingGroup............................................................................................. 5 Ownership.................................................................................................... 5 ClimaticRegion............................................................................................ 6 BranchorSectionIdentifiers................................................................................... 6 BranchUse................................................................................................... 6 PavementRank............................................................................................ 6 SurfaceType................................................................................................. 6 StructuralandConstructionHistoryData................................................................ 6 FieldVerification...................................................................................................... 7InspectionSchedule............................................................................................................. 8 DetailedInspection................................................................................................. 8 Methodology................................................................................................ 8 PavementConditionIndexCalculation........................................................ 9 MonthlyDriveByInspection................................................................................... 10RecordKeepingandDataRetrieval..................................................................................... 12 PavementConditionPrediction............................................................................... 13 TypicalMaintenanceRequirements.................................................................................... 19Appendix:YourAirportReport

ii

TableofContents(continued)

ListofFigures 1. MonthlyDriveByInspectionForm.......................................................................... 112. PerformanceCurveforCategory4ACRunwaysEasternOregon......................... 133. PerformanceCurveforCategory4ACTaxiwaysEasternOregon......................... 144. PerformanceCurveforCategory4ACApronsEasternOregon............................ 145. PerformanceCurveforCategory4AACTaxiwaysEasternOregon...................... 156. PerformanceCurveforCategory4AACApronsEasternOregon.......................... 157. PerformanceCurveforCategory4PCCRunwaysEasternOregon....................... 168. PerformanceCurveforCategory4PCCTaxiwaysEasternOregon....................... 169. PerformanceCurveforCategory4PCCApronsEasternOregon.......................... 1710. PerformanceCurveforCategory4STRunwaysEasternOregon.......................... 1711. PerformanceCurveforCategory4STTaxiwaysEasternOregon......................... 1812. PerformanceCurveforCategory4STApronsEasternOregon............................. 18

ListofTables 1. PavementConditionIndexDistressTypesandRelatedCauses.............................. 92. SelectionofNumberofSampleUnitstoInspect..................................................... 103. MicroPAVERReports............................................................................................... 124. UnitCostsfortheVariousWorkPlanActivities...................................................... 19

Introduction TheOregonDepartmentofAviationhasbeencollectingpavementconditioninformationateligibleairportssincethemid1980s.InJanuary1995theFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)mandatedthatanyairportsponsorreceivingand/orrequestingfederalfundsforpavementimprovementprojectsmusthaveimplementedapavementmaintenancemanagementprogram.ThroughtheDepartmentssystemplanningefforts,theairportsincludedintheDepartmentsPavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgramhavebeencomplyingwiththeintentofthelawsincethemid1980s,wellaheadoftheFAAmandate.TheinformationcollectedduringthisstudyensuresthatyourairportcontinuestocomplywiththeFederalmandate.Thedevelopedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogram,asitrelatestoanindividualairport,isdescribedinthisreport.TheOregonDepartmentofAviationroutinelyprovidesinformationtoairportownersandoperatorsthroughouttheStatethatassiststheminmaintainingandoperatingtheirairports.TheStateaddressesmanyissuesaspartoftheirplanningprocess,oneofwhichistoprovidetoeachindividualairport,onathreeyearcycle,areportonpavementcondition.Throughthestatewidestudy,pavementmaintenancemanagementprogramsforalleligibleairportsinthestateareefficientlyandeconomicallycompletedthroughtheDepartmentofAviationsPavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgram.Eachairportowneroroperatormakesfrequentdecisionsaboutthetimingandtypeofmaintenanceandrepairactivitiesthatshouldbecompletedontheirpavementstomaintainacceptablesurfaceconditionandadequateloadcarryingcapacity.Thepavementmaintenancemanagementprogramdescribedinthisdocument,andsupplementedbytheinformationcontainedintheattachedreportpreparedspecificallyforyourairport,willassistyouinmakingnecessarydecisionsaboutpavementmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectsatyourairport,andwillensurecompliancewiththeFederalmandate.Todevelopapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramforeacheligibleairport,theDepartmentofAviationelectedtoconductpavementevaluations(visualinspections),andtoimplementtheMicroPAVERpavementmaintenancemanagementsoftware.TheseactivitieswerecompletedaspartoftheDepartmentsContinuousAviationSystemPlanefforts.MicroPAVERusestheevaluationresultstoefficientlyidentifypavementsrequiringmaintenanceandrehabilitation,andtoestablishprojectpriorities.Thesoftwarecanalsobeusedtoassessoverallpavementnetworkcondition,prepareandforecastthebudgetsrequiredtomaintainthenetworkatanacceptableconditionlevel,andidentifyrequiredmaintenanceandrehabilitationactivities.Thefederallymandatedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogramidentifiesfivemajorrequirements:

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Pavementinventory Inspectionschedule(detailedandmonthly) Recordkeeping Informationretrieval Programfunding

Theapproachtakentomeettheseprogramrequirementsforyourairportisdescribedinthisreport.

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PavementInventory TheFAAmandatedPavementInventoryrequirementspecifiesthatinformationabouteachpieceofpavementatanairportbecompiled.Thisinformationistoinclude,ataminimum:pavementlocation,pavementdimensions,pavementsurfacetype,andlastconstructiondate.TheprocessusedtodevelopthisinformationisdiscussedunderRecordsReview.Additionally,informationiscollectedaboutthepavementsatanairportsoitspavementnetworkcanbedefined.Afterthepavementnetworkisdefined,pavementinspectionscanbecompletedandapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramcanbedeveloped.ThemethodologyfordefiningthepavementnetworkfollowstheRecordsReviewdiscussion. RecordsReviewThefirststepinmeetingFAAspavementmaintenancemanagementprogramrequirementistodevelopamaintenanceandconstructionhistoryforallpavementsatanairport.Forthepast26yearstheOregonDepartmentofAviationhas,foritseligibleairports,beenconductingpavementevaluationstodetermineexistingcondition.In1991PavementConsultantsInc.beganassistingtheDepartmentintheireffortstocompileandupdatethatinformation.Theinformationcollectedwasusedtodevelopapavementmaintenancemanagementprogramforeacheligibleairportasdescribedinthisreport,andyourattachedindividualairportreport.PreviousStatesponsoredprojectsidentifiedpavementlayout,pavementconstructionhistoryandpavementconditionateacheligibleairport.Duringthisinspectioncyclethesedocumentswerereviewed,andfollowupinquiriesonpavementconstructionhistoryweredirectedtotheOregonDepartmentofAviation,theFAA,consultantsandairportsponsors.Basedonthisreview,pavementboundarieswereidentifiedatyourairportandwereplacedonanAutoCADgeneratedbasemap(seeFigure1inyourattachedairportreport).TheestablishedbasemapfulfillstheFAA"PavementInventory"requirementforlocatingpavements,identifyingtheirdimensions,andidentifyingpavementtypeandage. NetworkDefinitionOncethepavementhistoryatanairporthasbeencompiled,individualpavementfeaturescanbeidentified,aprocesscallednetworkdefinition.Thesepavementfeaturesaredefinedonthebasisof:primaryuse,constructionhistory,andtrafficpattern.EachairportisdividedintofeaturesaccordingtotheguidelinescontainedinthecurrenteditionofASTMInternationalStandardD5340,StandardTestMethodforAirportConditionIndexSurveys.Thepavementfeaturesusedinthisprojectaredefinedasfollows.

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Network:Eacheligibleairportconstitutesaseparatepavementnetwork.Branch:Abranchisanyidentifiablepartofapavementnetworkthathasadistinctfunction.Airfieldpavementssuchasindividualrunways,taxiwaysandapronsareeachconsideredtobeaseparatebranch.Section:Asectionisasubdivisionofabranchandhasconsistentcharacteristicsthroughoutitslengthorarea.Thesecharacteristicsinclude:pavementlayermaterialtypeandthickness,constructionhistory,traffic,andpavementcondition.Asectionisthebasicmanagementunitofapavementnetwork,andisthatportionofabranchoverwhichamaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectislikelytobecompleted.SampleUnit:Asampleunitisanarbitrarilydefinedportionofapavementsectionthatisusedwhenperformingdetailedpavementinspections.Itisthesmallestsubdivisioninapavementnetwork.Forflexibleairportpavementssuchasasphaltconcreteorsurfacetreatment,sampleunitsareabout5,000squarefeetinarea.Forrigid(portlandcementconcrete)airportpavementssampleunitstypicallyincludeapproximately20contiguouspavementslabs.

Beginning26yearsago,branches,sectionsandsampleunitswereestablishedforeacheligibleairportintheOregonsystem.Duringthisproject,thesedivisionswerereviewedandmodifiedasrequired,basedonchangedconditions(newpavements,demolishedpavements),orcompletionofanypavementrelatedmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojects. BranchandSectionNamesEachpavementfeatureisassignedanamethatallowsittobeuniquelyidentifiedinthestatewideairportsystem.Eachbranchnameconsistsofaseriesofcharacters.Thefirstcharacterindicatesthebranchtype:RforRunway,TforTaxiway,AforApronandHforHelipad.Thelasttwocharactersinthebranchnameidentifytheairporttowhichthebranchbelongsandweretakenfromtheairportname.Allbranchesforyourairportcarrythisairportspecifictwoletteridentifier.Theindividualrunway,taxiwayorapronreferencedisidentifiedbycharacterslocatedbetweenthebranchtype(R,T,AorH)andyourtwoletterairportidentifier.Totheextentpossible,theseidentifyingcharacterswerechosentoreflectthefacilitynamesyouuse.Ifthefacilitydoesnothaveanameitwasassignedanumber.Inthecaseofrunways,numbersareusedthatarethelowerofthetworunwaynumberscorrespondingtocompassbearing.Locatedafterahyphenfollowingthebranchnamearetwoorthreealphanumericcharacters.Thesecharactersidentifythesectionwithinthebranch.Anexampleillustratingthenamingconventionis:

R16AB01whichisthenameforRunway16/34,AlbanyMunicipalAirport,Section01.

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Thebranches,sectionsandsampleunitsidentifiedforyourairportareshownonFigure2inyourattachedindividualairportreport. NetworkIdentifiersSeveraldesignatorsareusedtodescribeinformationaboutaparticularairportincludedintheStateSystemPlan.Thesedesignatorsinclude:networkidentification,zone,functionalcategory,fundinggroup,ownershipandclimaticregion. NetworkIdentificationEachairportinthestatewidesystemisassignedauniquenetworkidentifier(name).Thisnameistypicallythenameofthecityinwhichtheairportislocated.Thenetworkidentificationnameforyourairportcanbefoundintheappendicesattachedtoyourairportreport.Thisnetworkidentificationnameisassignedsothatanindividualairportoragroupofairportscontainedinthestatewidedatabasecanbeselectedforevaluation.ThestatewidedatabasecontainsinformationforalleligibleairportsintheState. ZoneZonesareusedtoallowindividualairportswithinthestatewidedatabasetobeseparatelyselectedforanalysis.TheFAAairportdesignatorwasusedasthezonedesignator.FunctionalCategoryEachairportisassignedafunctionalcategorybasedonitsclassificationwithintheStateSystemPlan.Eachairportwasassignedafunctionalcategoryofeither1,2,3,4or5inaccordancewiththecriteriasetforthintheSystemPlan.Thesecategoriescorrespondtothefollowingairporttypes:commercialservice,businessorhighactivitygeneralaviation,regionalgeneralaviation,communitygeneralaviation,andlowactivitygeneralaviation.Thecategoryassignedtoyourairportislistedintheappendicesattachedtoyourairportreport.Thiscategoryassignmentallowsgroupsofairportsindifferentfunctionalcategoriestobeseparatelyevaluated. FundingGroupAirportsintheStatewerecategorizedaseitherNPIASornonNPIAS.NPIASdesignatedairportsareeligibleforprojectfundingundertheFAAsAirportImprovementProgram(AIP).BeingdesignatedasNPIASornonNPIASinthedatabaseallowstheDepartmenttoevaluatefundingalternativesfortheStateairportsystem. OwnershipAirportownershipisdesignatedasPublic,StateorPrivate.ThisdesignationallowstheDepartmenttoevaluatefundingallocationsbasedoneligibilityforStateand/orFederalfunding.

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ClimaticRegionEachairportinthestatewidesystemwasassignedtooneofthreeclimaticregionseastern,centralorcoastal.Becauseclimateconditionscanimpactpavementperformance,assigningairportstoaclimaticregionallowspavementperformancetobemoreaccuratelymodeledresultinginmoreaccuratepavementconditionforecasts. BranchorSectionIdentifiersSeveraldesignatorsareusedtodescribeabranchorsectionsfunction,importanceorconstruction.Thesecharacteristicsare:branchuse,pavementrank,andsurfacetype.BranchUseBranchuseidentifiestheprimaryuseofeachdistinctpavementarea.Foreachairportpavementincludedinthisstudy,abranchuseof"Runway","Taxiway","Apron"orHelipadisassigned,asappropriate. PavementRankPavementrankreferstotherelativeimportanceassignedtomultiplefacilitieshavingthesamebranchuse.Eachpavementsectionisassignedarankofprimary(P),secondary(S)ortertiary(T)asappropriate.Asanexample,anairportwithtworunwaysmightrankthemoreheavilyusedrunwayasprimaryandthelesserusedrunwayassecondary.Thepavementrankassignedtoeachpavementsectionatyourairportcanbefoundintheappendicesattachedtoyourindividualairportreport. SurfaceTypeEachpavementsectionisassignedasurfacetypedesignatorbasedonthetypeofsurfacematerialpresent.ThroughouttheStatesevensurfacetypeswereencountered:asphaltoverlayoverasphaltconcrete(AAC),asphaltconcrete(AC),asphaltconcreteovercementtreatedbase(ACT),asphaltoverlayoverportlandcementconcrete(APC),asphaltconcreteoverpozzolanicbase(APZ),portlandcementconcrete(PCC),andsurfacetreatment(ST).Thesurfacetypeassignedtoeachpavementatyourairportisprovidedinthereportappendedtothisdocument.SurfacetypeidentificationfulfillsoneofFAAs"PavementInventory"requirements. StructuralandConstructionHistoryDataAvailableconstructionrecordsforeachairportwereobtainedfromtheOregonDepartmentofAviation,FederalAviationAdministration,orconsultants.Theserecordswerereviewedtoestablishalastconstructiondateforeachpavementsection.Additionalinformationwasrequestedfromindividualairportsponsorstoupdateorclarifythisinformation,asnecessary.ThelastconstructiondateandknownconstructionhistoryforeachpavementsectioncanbefoundonFigure1inyourindividualairportreport.Thelastconstructiondateisalsoidentifiedinthereportsfoundintheattachedappendixes.Forthosepavementsectionswhereinformationwasnot

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available,alastconstructiondatewas assignedbasedonpavementcondition.LastconstructiondateidentificationfulfillsthefinalFAA"PavementInventory"requirement. FieldVerificationInformationobtainedthroughtherecordsreviewanddiscussionswithairportsponsors,DepartmentofAviationstaff,FAApersonnelandconsultantstaffwasfieldverifiedtoensurethateachfacilitywasaccuratelymappedandproperlysubdividedintobranchesandsections.Modificationstothemaps,and/orbranchandsectiondivisions,weremadeasnecessarywhereverdiscrepanciesinairportgeometry,pavingmaterials,orconstructionhistorywerefoundduringthevisualinspections.

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InspectionSchedule TheFAA'sPavementMaintenanceManagementProgramguidelinesrequireallairports seekingorreceivingfederalfundsforpavementrelatedprojectstocompletebothdetailedanddrivebyinspections.Theguidelinesrequirethatdetailedinspectionsbeperformedyearly,unlesstheinspectionsareconductedinaccordancewiththePavementConditionIndexmethodologysetforthinASTMD5340,atwhichpointdetailedinspectionsarerequiredonceeverythreeyears.ThePavementConditionIndexinspectionsforOregonsairportsareconductedonathreeyearcyclethuscomplyingwiththeFAAdetailedinspectionrequirement.ThedrivebyinspectionsrequiredbytheFAAaretobecompletedmonthly.Theseinspectionsarecursoryinspectionsthatareperformedtodetectanyunexpectedchangesinpavementcondition.Adescriptionofthedetailedinspectionmethodology,aswellasanapproachtocompletingthemonthlydrivebyinspections,isprovided. DetailedInspection MethodologyPavementconditionindex(PCI)surveyswereperformedin2011forallairportsincludedinthisyearsproject.ThesurveyswereperformedusingthePavementConditionIndex(PCI)methodologydevelopedbytheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,andoutlinedinthecurrenteditionofASTMD5340,StandardTestMethodforAirportConditionIndexSurveys.Thisdocumentdefinesdistresstypes,severitylevels,andmethodsformeasuringandrecordingdistresses.ThePCIprocedurewasdevelopedtocollectdatathatwouldprovideengineersandmanagerswithanumericalvalueindicatingoverallpavementcondition,andthatwouldreflectbothpavementstructuralintegrityandoperationalsurfacecondition.Theprocedurewasdesignedtobehighlyrepeatableandwasfoundtobewellcorrelatedwiththejudgmentofexperiencedpavementengineers.APCIsurveyisperformedbymeasuringtheamountandseverityofcertaindefineddistresses(defects)observedinasampleunit.Table1listsboththeasphaltconcreteandportlandcementconcretepavementdistresstypesconsideredinthePCImethod,andalsoidentifiestheirmostcommoncause(load,climate/durability,other).Loadrelateddistressesareapparentwherethepavementhasbeenoverstressedbytrafficloadsappliedtoitssurface.Climate/durabilityrelateddistressesariseduetoexposuretotheenvironment.Otherrelateddistressesarecausedbyactionsnotrelatedtoloadorclimatesuchasfuelspillsorconstructiondeficiencies.

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Table1.PavementConditionIndexDistressTypesandRelatedCauses.

AsphaltConcrete PortlandCementConcrete

PavementDistress RelatedCause PavementDistress RelatedCauseAlligatorCracking Load BlowUp Climate/Durability

Bleeding Other CornerBreak Load

BlockCracking Climate/DurabilityCracks:Longitudinal,

Transverse,andDiagonal

Load

Corrugation Other/Load Durability("D")Crack Climate/DurabilityDepression Other/Load JointSealDamage Climate/Durability

JetBlastErosion Other Patching,Small Other

JointReflectionCracking Climate/Durability Patching,LargeandUtilityCuts Other

LongitudinalandTransverseCracking Climate/Durability Popouts

Other/Climate/Durability

OilSpillage Other Pumping LoadPatchingandUtilityCut

Patching OtherScaling,MapCracking,

Crazing Other

PolishedAggregate Other SettlementorFaulting Load

Raveling Climate/Durability ShatteredSlab/IntersectingCracks Load

Rutting Load ShrinkageCracks Other

Shoving Other Spalling(LongitudinalandTransverseJoint) Other/Load

SlippageCracking Other/Load Spalling(Corner) Other/Load

Swell Other AlkaliSilicaReaction(ASR) Other

Weathering Climatic/Durability ToobtainastatisticallyreliablePCIforagivenpavementsectionitisnotnecessarytoinspectallsampleunitsinthatsection.Apredeterminednumberofrandomlychosensampleunitsareselectedforinspectionbasedonthetotalnumberofsampleunitsinthesection.ThesamplingratesusedduringthisstudyareshowninTable2.ThesamplingratescontainedinTable2resultindatathatarereliableata92percentconfidencelevel.

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Table2.SelectionofNumberofSampleUnitstoInspect.

FlexiblePavement RigidPavementN n N n1 1 1 1

23 2 2 246 3 34 3713 4 56 41438 5 78 539+ 6 911 6 1214 7 1519 8 2027 9 2838 10 3958 11 59104 12 105313 13 314+ 14

Where: N=Totalnumberofsampleunitsinapavementsection n=Numberofsampleunitstobesurveyed PavementConditionIndexCalculationTocalculateaPCIforagivensampleunit,eachdistresstypeobservedisassignedadeductvaluebasedonitsdensity(frequencyofoccurrence)withinthatsamplearea,anditsseverity.Alldeductsaresummedandsubsequentlyadjusted(corrected)forthenumberofdifferentdistressesfound.Thiscorrecteddeductvalueissubtractedfrom100,thePCIfora"perfect"pavement,toarriveataPCIforthatparticularsampleunit.ThePCIforapavementsectionistheareaweightedaveragePCIvalueofallsampleunitsevaluatedinthatsection.PavementConditionRatings(PCRs)areassociatedwithrangesofPCIvalues.ThecolorcodedFigure3inyourattachedindividualairportreportshowsthePCRsandtheirassociatedPCIranges,aswellasthepavementconditionatyourairportinMay/June2011. MonthlyDriveByInspectionAspartoftheFAAmandatedpavementmaintenancemanagementprogram,amonthlydrivebyinspectionisrequired.Thisinspectionisintendedtoidentifyabruptchangesinconditionoccurringsincethelastmonthlyinspection,andtorecordanymaintenanceactivitiescompletedduringthepreviousmonth.ThisinspectioncaneasilybeaccomplishedbydrivingyourairportandnotinganychangesormaintenanceperformedontheformprovidedinFigure1.Eachdrivebyinspectionmustnotethedatetheinspectionwascompleted,andrecordanymaintenanceperformedsincethelastinspection.Theserecordsmustbekeptonfileforfiveyears.

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Figure1.MonthlyDriveByInspectionForm. Airport:_________________________________________Date:___________________________________________Inspector:_______________________________________

Facility* Section* DistressesObserved MaintenancePerformedSinceLastInspection

Refer to the Airport Layout,Dimensions and Pavement CrossSections or Pavement Branch,SectionandSampleUnitLayoutfiguresinyourairportreport.

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RecordKeepingandDataRetrieval TheFAApavementmaintenancemanagementprogramrequiresthatcompiledrecordsbekeptforfiveyears.TofacilitaterecordkeepinganddataretrievalattheStatelevel,theMicroPAVERpavementmaintenancemanagementsoftwarewasimplemented.MicroPAVERprovidestheOregonDepartmentofAviationwithamethodforstoringdataandgeneratingreports.MicroPAVERwasdevelopedbytheU.S.ArmyConstructionEngineeringResearchLaboratory(USACERL).TheprogramusestheguidelinescontainedinthecurrenteditionofASTMD5340asitsbasis.Thecurrentversion,Version6.5.1,isaWindowsbasedprogramthatcanstorepavementconditioninformation,aswellasconstructionandmaintenancehistoryinformation.UsingthedatastoredintheMicroPAVERdatabasetheuserhasmanycapabilities,including:evaluatingcurrentcondition,predictingfuturecondition,determiningmaintenanceandrehabilitationneeds,schedulingfutureinspections,andpreparingbudgetestimates.Thestatewidedatabasecontainingtheinformationforallevaluatedairportswasupdatedduringthisproject.Informationforeachindividualairportcaneasilybeextractedfromthestatewidedatabase.Thedatabaseallowsrequiredrecordstobestoredindefinitely,thusmeetingtheFAArequirementthatrecordsbemaintainedforafiveyearperiod.Additionally,thesoftwareallowsdatatoberetrievedquicklyandefficiently.AfterdatawereenteredforeachairportintotheStatesMicroPAVERdatabase,thesoftwarewasusedtoanalyzethestoreddataandtogenerateusefulreports.ThereportsdescribedinTable3weregeneratedforyourairportandareprovidedasappendicestoyourindividualairportreport.

Table3.MicroPAVERReports.

ReportName ReportDescription

BranchCondition

Listsinformationabouteachbranch,including:networkidentification,branchidentification,name,use,numberofsections,totalbranchareaandtheaverageandareaweightedaveragePCIfortheentirebranch.

SectionCondition

Providesinformationabouteachsection,including:branchidentificationandsectionnumber,lastconstructiondate,surfacetype,use,rank,sectionarea,lastinspectiondate,ageofpavementatlastinspectionandthePCIatthelastinspection.

NetworkMaintenance

Appliesthestoreddistressmaintenancepolicytothepavementnetworkandidentifiesthetypeandcostofroutinemaintenancerequiredacrosstheentirenetwork.Informationinthisreportislistedbysection.

ReInspectionSummarizesthedistressdatacollectedduringthemostrecentinspectionandprovidesthePCIforeachsampleunitinspected,aswellassummaryinformationaboutthesection.

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PavementConditionPredictionToallowfuturepavementconditiontobepredicted,datacollectedthroughouttheStatewereusedtogenerate"performancecurves".Thecurvesweredevelopedbasedonsurfacetype,use,airportfunctionalcategoryandclimaticregion.Thesecurves(models)areusedtopredictfuturepavementconditionbyassumingthebehaviorofanindividualpavementsectionissimilartothebehaviorofthepavementsectionsusedtogeneratethe"performancecurve".Figures2through12showtheperformancecurvesusedtomodelpavementsinyourairportsfunctionalcategoryandclimaticregion.

Figure2.PerformanceCurveforCategory4ACRunwaysEasternOregon.

Pave

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Age (years)

0

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100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

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Figure3.PerformanceCurveforCategory4ACTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Figure4.PerformanceCurveforCategory4ACApronsEasternOregon.

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

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Figure5.PerformanceCurveforCategory4AACTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Figure6.PerformanceCurveforCategory4AACApronsEasternOregon.

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Figure7.PerformanceCurveforCategory4PCCRunwaysEasternOregon.

Figure8.PerformanceCurveforCategory4PCCTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Pave

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

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Figure9.PerformanceCurveforCategory4PCCApronsEasternOregon.

Figure10.PerformanceCurveforCategory4STRunwaysEasternOregon.

Pave

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Figure11.PerformanceCurveforCategory4STTaxiwaysEasternOregon.

Figure12.PerformanceCurveforCategory4STApronsEasternOregon.

Pave

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TypicalMaintenanceRequirements TheMicroPAVERgeneratedM&RPlanReportwasusedtoidentifywhenpavementmaintenanceandrehabilitationprojectsarerequiredforagivenpavementsection,andwhatrepairtypeismostappropriate.Therepairstrategiesevaluatedwere:

Reconstruction(pavementswithPavementConditionIndiceslessthan40). Overlayflexiblepavements(runwayswithPavementConditionIndicesbetween40and

60,taxiwaysbetween40and55,apronsbetween40and50,andpavementsexhibitingsignificantloadrelateddistresswithPCIsabovethecriticalPCI).

Globalmaintenance(fogseal,slurrysealorthin(2inch)overlay)appliedonauserspecifiedinterval(6yearsforafogseal,6yearsforaslurryseal,and10yearsforanoverlay).Theglobalmaintenancetyperecommendedisbasedonthedistresstypesobservedinthesectionduringthevisualinspections.

Routinemaintenance,suchascrakcsealingandpatching.TheM&RPlanReportwasgeneratedfora5yearperiodbeginninginJune2012.Includedintheworkplanareestimatedcostsforeachrecommendedproject.Thecostsareestimatedbyapplyingaunitcostfortherecommendedactivitytothesquarefootareaofthepavementsection.Theunitcostsincludeadjustmentsforengineeringandadministration,mobilization,restripingandcontingency.TheunitcostsusedtodeveloptheworkplanactivitycostareshowninTable4.Therecommendedworkplanforyourairportisprovidedinyourattachedindividualairportreport.

Table4.UnitCostsfortheVariousWorkPlanActivities.

Activity Unit UnitCostFogSeal SF $0.12SlurrySeal SF $0.23

2AsphaltConcreteOverlay SF $1.002ACMillandReplace SF $1.50

Reconstruction SF $3.91$6.66ResealPCCJointsw/HotPourSealant LF $2.00

OregonDepartmentofAviation

2011PavementEvaluation/MaintenanceManagementProgram

FinalReportIndividualAirportsFunctionalCategory5

Preparedfor:

StateofOregonDepartmentofAviation

304025thStreetSESalem,Oregon973031125

Preparedby:

PavementConsultantsInc.7530RooseveltWayN.E.

Seattle,Washington981154221

July2011

i

TableofContents Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1PavementInventory............................................................................................................. 3 RecordsReview........................................................................................................ 3 NetworkDefinition.................................................................................................. 3 BranchandSectionNames...................................................................................... 4 NetworkIdentifiers.................................................................................................. 5 NetworkIdentification................................................................................. 5 Zone............................................................................................................. 5 FunctionalCategory..................................................................................... 5 FundingGroup............................................................................................. 5 Ownership.................................................................................................... 5 ClimaticRegion............................................................................................ 6 BranchorSectionIdentifiers................................................................................... 6 BranchUse................................................................................................... 6 PavementRank.........