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2011 Indian anti-corruption movementFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
Protesters take part in protests at Jantar MantarinDelhi.
Date 13 March 2011 present
Location India
2836N7712ECoordinates:2836N7712E
Status Ongoing (as of 27 August 2011)
Parliament passed resolution on "Jan
Lokpal Bill" on 27 August 2011
Causes Government corruption[1][2]
Police corruption[2]
Judicial corruption[1]
Corporate corruption[2]
Kleptocracy[2]
Electoral fraud[3]
Red tape[4][2]
Discretionary powers of politician[1]
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Black money[1]
Goals Establishing strong and independent
anti-corruption law;[5]
Bringing Indian black money from
abroad;
Electoral and Judicial reform;
Characteristics Non-violence
Satyagraha
Hunger strikes
Civil resistance
Civil disobedience
Demonstrations Sit-ins
Fast-unto-death
Jail Bharo Andolan
Online activism
Candlelight vigil
Casualties
Injuries53 protesters[6]
The 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement is a series of
ongoingdemonstrationsandprotestsoccurring inIndiaand intends to establish a strong
and independent legislation against endemiccorruption.[5]The movement has gained
momentum since 5 April 2011, whenAnna Hazare, a prominent activist, first went on
ahunger strikewhich he called a "fast unto death". The main aim is to clean up corruption
in many departments ofIndian governmentthrough a law called "Jan Lokpal Bill".
Grievances of Indian protesters were focused on legal and political issues which
includesgovernment corruption,[2][1]kleptocracy,[2]judicial corruption,police corruption[2]and
discretionary powers of government officials which add to excessivered tape.[2][1]The
protesters are of the opinion that the government desires to dilute proposals contained in
the original draft of the Jan Lokpal bill. They believe that the changes would make the body
intended to oversee the issue, the Lokpal, no more than a powerless advisory body in the
Indian bureaucracy. Hazare, who is aGandhian, went on his initial hunger strike when talks
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Kleptocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-reuters.com-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-reuters.com-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_corruptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_strikehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-bloomberg.com-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstration_(people)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-53_protesters_injured-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candlelight_vigilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_activismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jail_Bharo_Andolanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit-inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstration_(people)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_disobediencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_strikeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyagrahahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-bloomberg.com-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_black_moneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_black_money 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designed to consider the issues broke down. He had demanded the creation of a joint
drafting committee for the bill, with members from both "civil society" and government.[7]
Following Hazare's initial, much publicised protest action, a second major protest saw
controversial events take place at theRamlila Maidan,New Delhion 4 June 2011. The
figurehead for these protests wasSwami Ramdevand their aim was to highlight the need
for strong legislation to bring back to the country what has been called "black money"
deposited abroad. Ramdev demanded that untaxed money invested abroad should be
declared to be the wealth of the nation and, further, that the act of caching money alleged to
have been obtained illegally in foreign banks should be declared a crime against the state.
He also demanded that the nation's wealth held in foreign banks should be brought back
and that India should sign theUnited Nations Convention against Corruption. It is estimated
that around US$350 billion to US$1400 billion worth of illegal money is stashed away in
foreign banks.[8][9]
The protests led to the creation of a movement that saw protests being organised in various
cities and towns of India. The movement was mainly a campaign of non-violentcivil
resistance, which featured a series of demonstrations, marches, acts of civil disobedience,
and hunger strike, as well as the use ofsocial media. The protests are unusual in India as
they haveno political affiliationand the protesters have been hostile to any attempt by
political parties to use them to strengthen their own political agenda.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Use of cyberspace
3 Government response
4 Political response to the Jantar Mantar protests
5 Ramlila ground protests
o 5.1 Background to the Ramlila ground protests
o 5.2 Police action against the demonstration
5.2.1 Police clarification on action
5.2.2 Protest against police action on Ramdev's demonstration
6 Aftermath of the Ramlila ground protests
o 6.1 Civil society response
o 6.2 Government response
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ement#Political_response_to_the_Jantar_Mantar_protestshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#Government_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#Use_of_cyberspacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#Backgroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpartisanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-BBC20110602-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-BBC20110602-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Corruptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_black_moneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Ramdevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramlila_Maidan,_New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-6 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o 6.3 Other political parties response
o 6.4 Suo Moto Cognizance by the Supreme Court
7 August protests
o
7.1 Backgroundo 7.2 Hazare's arrest
o 7.3 Release
o 7.4 Sense of the House
8 Protest timeline
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
[edit]Background
See also:Corruption in India,List of alleged scams in India, andIndian political scandals
Mahatma Gandhi fought for our freedom but we are yet
to achieve real independence. The second struggle of
independence has started. We are ready to sacrifice our
lives but will not buckle under pressure
Anna Hazare[10]
Anna Hazare's hunger strike atJantar MantarinDelhi, on the second day of his fast.
Issues regarding corruption in India have become more prominent in recent years. The
country was subject to socialist-inspired economic policies between the 1950s and the late
1980s. Extensive regulation, protectionism, and public ownership led to slow
growth.[11][12]The system of bureaucratic controls calledLicense Rajwas at the core of
corruption.[13]
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TheVohra Reportof 1993, submitted by the former Indian UnionHome SecretaryN. N.
Vohra, studied the problem of thecriminalization of politicsand of the nexus among
criminals, politicians and bureaucrats in India. The report contained several observations
made by official agencies on the criminal network which was virtually running a parallel
government. It also discussed criminal gangs who enjoyed the patronage of politicians of
all political parties and the protection of government functionaries. It revealed that political
leaders had become the leaders of gangs. They were also connected to the military. Over
the years criminals had been elected tolocal bodies,State Assemblies, and even
theParliament.[14][15][16]
TheRight to Information Actof 2005 has helped civilians work effectively towards tackling
corruption. It allows Indian citizens (except those living inJammu and Kashmir) to request
information, for a fixed fee of 10 (US$0.22), from a "public authority" (a body of
Government or "instrumentality of State") which is required to reply expeditiously or withinthirty days.[clarification needed] Activists have used this to uncover graft cases against various
politicians and bureaucrats, one consequence being that some of those activists have been
attacked and even killed.[17]
Various scandals were discovered in 2010-2011, including the2G spectrum scam,Adarsh
Housing Society Scam, and theCommonwealth Games scam. These involved various
Ministers and also members of the Armed Forces, and they demonstrated how entrenched
corruption had become in India.[18][19][20]They led also to popular, non-political movements
campaigning to fight graft via new legislation.
The Jan Lokpal Bill (in English: citizens' ombudsman bill) is a proposal to establish an
independent body, calledLokpal, to investigate cases of corruption within a year and to
ensure a speedy prosecution within two years of an investigation being started.[21]. The Jan
Lokpal Bill was proposed by members of the civil society (primarily social activists from the
NGOIndia Against Corruptionas an alternative to the Government-drafted Lokpal Bill. The
August 16 protests started as a result ofsignificant disagreementsover the two versions of
the Bill between the civil society leaders and the Government.
[edit]Use of cyberspace
Hacker groupAnonymoushas come out in support of a civil movement against corruption in
India by hacking one of the key website of a Indian government of National Informatics
Centre. This cyber movement has been called "Operation India".[22]Shivesh Kumar, the
owner of IndiaWeekly which has around 3 qtr million fans on facebook has come out
strongly in support of the movement.[23][24]In a poll conducted on their page, 96% of their
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followers answered that they supported Anna Hazare while only 4% voted for Govt of
India.[25]
[edit]Government response
Hazare's protest has led to the resignation of Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar from theGroup of Ministers on corruption.[26]On 8 April, the government started seriously
considering the demands of the protesters. The government has stated that it will table the
bill in the parliament in the upcoming Monsoon session.[27]On 9 April, the government
finally agreed to have a 50:50 distribution of the Government appointed officials and the
members of the civil society.[28]On May 13, PM Manmohan Singh stated that the Indian
government has completed the process for ratification of UN Convention against
Corruption.[29]
[edit]Political response to the Jantar Mantar protests
Bhartiya Janata Party
TheBhartiya Janata Partysupported Hazare, with a prominent member,Arun Jaitley,
urging the government to take Hazare's fast very seriously.[30]
Another prominent BJP figure,L.K. Advanisuggested that a meeting of political parties
should be convened to discuss the issue "particularly in the context of black money and
curbing money-power in elections".[31]
BJP leader Narendra Modi posted on hisFacebookaccount that he was praying forHazare's health. He also published an open letter to Hazare thanking him for the latter's
support for the development work inGujarat. Modi also warned Hazare of possible
vilification by a certain 'powerful-group' that wishes to defame Modi and Gujarat. He
reiterated his support for the Jan Lokpal Bill.[32]
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
TheCommunist Party of India (Marxist)came out in support of Anna Hazare.Prakash
Karatpledged support to Hazare over the Jan Lokpal Bill.[33]
[edit]Ramlila ground protests
This section requiresexpansionwith:
images.
Ramdevclaimed thatBharat Swabhiman Yatrahad evoked massive support from the
masses and more than 10 crore people[citation needed] had been directly involved with the
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ipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Karathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Karathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.K._Advanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arun_Jaitleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhartiya_Janata_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement#cite_note-24 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movement. His yatra ended on June 1 atUjjaininMadhya Pradeshafter traveling over
100,000 kilometres (62,000 mi)[citation needed] across the country. Almost 3.2 million "netizens"
joined the campaign.[34]
[35]
Ramdev declared that a people's movement to liberate the country from rampant corruption
and build a strong spiritual Bharat' would be launched by him in June. The movement was
called "Satyagraha against Corruption".[36]He declared one of the main objectives of the
movement was to bring about an end to corruption and bring back black money stashed
away in various financial institutions in the country and abroad. On the midnight of 5 June,
police raided the site where Ramdev was fasting against corruption and black money issues
in the capital and forcefully detained him and removed his supporters from the site after
firing tear gas shells and resorting to lathicharge to end his day-old indefinite hunger strike
on black money issue.[37]Seventy-one people were injured and moved to hospital, four of
whom were reported to be in critical condition.[38]Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee called
the police action "unfortunate", but added that the government had to do that as Ramdev
had no permission to hold a protest at the Ramlila Ground.[39]
He maintained that second phase of Bharat Swabhiman Yatra would begin from October
2011 year and the Yatra would once again travel a distance of 100,000 kilometres (62,000
mi).[35]
[edit]Background to the Ramlila ground protests
On March 16, 2011, theCommunist Party of India (Marxist)issued itsmanifestofor the
upcomingBengal polls in 2011, which said that "[if the party came to power, it would] launch
a drive to unearth black money, especially those (sic) stashed in Swiss and other tax
havens." The issue was taken up bySharad YadavofJanata Dal (United), who said on
March 27 that there were US$ 1,470 billion stashed by Indians in Swiss banks.
Four senior Union MinistersPranab Mukherjee,Kapil Sibal,Pawan Kumar
BansalandSubodh Kant Sahaymet Ramdev and discussed issues and his demands
atDelhi Airporton June 1, 2011.[40]Back-channel talk between two sides were held in The
Claridges,New Delhion June 2, 2011.[41]Next day talks were held for a third time between
the ministers and Ramdev and both sides claimed consensus. The government gave a
response to the demands while Ramdev planned to go ahead with his hunger strike.
250,000 square metres (2,700,000 sq ft) of overhead waterproof tent was set up and the
ground was booked for 40 days for the protest[citation needed]. A volunteer centre at the extreme
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end of the maidan was set up. 650 bathrooms and toilets was stationed inside the maidan,
out of which 40 percent were for women. Also provided for was drinking water facility,
medical facility and a media centre with three communication towers.[42]
[edit]Police action against the demonstration
Police fired tear gas, burned the place and lathicharged peacefully fasting men, women and
children. 53 persons were reportedly injured and were treated at the Lok Nayak Jai Prakash
(LNJP) hospital, AIIMS trauma center and Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital.[43][6]
About 5000 supporters were still missing according to Ramdev.[44]Jadeep Arya, a key
advisor on Ramdevs team, said that about 19 girls students from the Chotipur Gurukul who
were seated near the dais were thought to be still missing.[45]Behen Suman, womens
representative of the Trust, said many of these girls were roughed up when the police tried
to reach Ramdev and were crying since police officials were pulling their hair, dragging
them and their clothes were torn. Police, however, said no one was missing.[45]
There is an allegation that CCTV footage of the raid is missing.[46][47]
[edit]Police clarification on action
A senior police officer commented on the police action saying, "there were talks in the
police headquarters since June 2 that Baba Ramdev would be detained as we knew he is
definitely not going to hold a Yoga camp." Allegedly, Ramdev's detention was not a
spontaneous decision but had been planned for several days.[48]
The police said Ramdev was informed around 11 pm (IST) on Saturday that his permission
to continue his agitation had been canceled. By that time, over 5000 police officers,
including 12 battalions of theDelhi Police, three battalions ofRapid Action Force, two
ofCentral Reserve Police Forcecommandos and local police were briefed by senior police
officers to get ready for action. The Ramlila Ground was then surrounded by several buses
and tempos,[vague] heading towards the ground fromHaryana,Rajasthan,Uttar
PradeshandPunjabbut were sent back from the borders.[48]
[edit]Protest against police action on Ramdev's demonstration
How can the government stop anyone from protesting? The
land is not their 'father's property'. The citizens are the masters of
this country and the ministers are their servants". - Anna Hazare
( When asked by a press reporter how could he protest
at Jantar Mantar in spite of prohibitory orders)
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[49]
On 6 June theNational Human Rights Commission of Indiaissued notices to the UnionHome Secretary, Delhi Chief Secretary and the Delhi City Commissioner of Police seeking
reports within two weeks regarding the midnight crackdown at the Ramlila Ground.[50]
In a response to the crackdown Hazare said that he would hold a one day hunger strike at
Jantar Mantar on 8 June. The venue was changed to Rajghat when he could not get police
permission to do so.[43]
[edit]Aftermath of the Ramlila ground protests
Protests were held in many different parts of country, including the citiesofChennai,Bangalore,Mumbai,Hyderabad,Jammu, andLucknow. Protests against the
action also spread to Nepal.[51][52][53][54]
[edit]Civil society response
Ramdev accused the government of not being serious about discussing issues of corruption
and black money, alleging that government negotiator Kapil Sibal had cheated him through
"scheming and cunning" attitude. He alleged that there was a conspiracy to kill him and a
"threat" was given to him during a meeting with senior ministers. He also claimed that the
ruling government chairperson Sonia Gandhi and theUnited ProgressiveAlliancegovernment will be responsible for any threat to his life and alleged that he was
nearly strangled by the police.[55]After being evicted from Delhi, Ramdev wanted to
continue his fast fromNoidabut was denied permission to do so by theUttar
Pradeshgovernment. He decided to continue his hunger strike
andsatyagrahafromHaridwaronly until June 12, 2011.[56][57][58]
Hazare said there might have been some faults with Ramdev's agitation but that the beating
up of people at night rather than in the day-time was a "blot on democracy" and that "There
was no firing otherwise the eviction was similar toJallianwala Bagh incident." He said thatthe "strangulation of democracy" would cause civil society to launch protests throughout the
country to "teach government a lesson".[59][60]Other civil society leaders, such asArvind
Kejriwal, also termed the use of police force on non-violent sleeping protesters as
undemocratic. Shanti Bhushan and Swami Agnivesh also criticised the police action to end
the hunger strike.[61][62]
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[edit]Government response
Congress General SecretaryDigvijay Singhcalled Ramdev a "cheat" and
"fraud".[63]According to him the government had reached an agreement before the protests
were held.[64]Prime Minister Manmohan Singh wrote to Ramdev, asking to cease-and-
desist from holding the protests.[65]Nationalist Congress PartyGeneral SecretaryTariq
Anwarsaid that "Both Hazare and Ramdev are blackmailing the government and they
should first peep into their own hearts."[66]Pawan Bansalcommented on the midnight
police action and said that "It was not a crackdown, we [the government] had to do it to
maintain law and order".[67]
[edit]Other political parties response
Bharatiya Janata Party: The party called the police action to break up the hunger strike
"undemocratic".[68]BJP PresidentNitin Gadkarisaid they will organize a 24-hour longSatyagraha at Rajghat independent of government's permission.[69]Nitin Gadkari further
added; "Women and children were attacked. They were lathi charged and teargas was
used. This reminds us of theEmergencydays in 1975. We strongly condemn it," and
"The Prime Minister and Sonia Gandhi used force on democratic ways of protest
against corruption and black money. I condemn the action of Manmohan Singh and
Sonia Gandhi. They should apologize for the act,"[70]GujaratChief MinisterNarendra
Modistrongly condemned the incident comparing atrocities on Ramlila ground by
comparing the government withRavana-Lilafurther adding that It is one of the worst
days of Indian history. The Prime Minister had said during the elections that he would
bring back black money stashed in Swiss banks within 100 days of coming into power.
But today, it is two years and nothing has happened.[70]Senior BJP leaderLal Krishna
Advanisaid that the police action reminded him of the Jallianwala Bagh massacreand
added that the police crackdown on Ramdev is a "naked fascism".[70]Leader of the
Opposition in the Lok SabhaSushma Swarajsaid: "This is not democracy...the police
cannot alone had taken such a step. It had the approval of the Prime Minister and full
approval of the Congress President.[70]
Bahujan Samaj Party: BSP leader andUttar PradeshChief Minister,Mayawati,
condemned the government's midnight crackdown on Ramdev and demanded
thatSupreme Court of Indiaorder an investigation into the incident stating that justice
cannot be expected from the Central Government.[71][72]
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Samajwadi Party: Samajwadi Party chiefMulayam Singh Yadavcondemned the
incident saying that the action shows Centre has lost its mental balance. Charging the
rulingCongress Party, Yadav further said: "A Congress leader said that Baba is a thug.
I want to say that Congress is the biggest thug and it should introspect its
deeds.[71]"The government swooped down on Ramdev and his supporters as if it were
carrying an attack on a foreign enemy," Yadav told reporters at a press conference.[72]
Rashtriya Janata Dal: RJD leaderLalu Prasad Yadavaccused Ramdev of being a front
for theRashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.[73]
Communist Party of India (Marxist): CPI(M) termed the police action at the protest site
of Ramdev as "deplorable and shortsighted". However, they found fault with the yoga
guru for making the issue of black money "farcical" by entering into a secret agreement
with government.[74]"The manner in which Ramdev's demands were drafted and the
way in which he has conducted his interactions with the government, coming to a secret
agreement to withdraw the hunger strike on the basis of assurances, then reneging and
announcing its extension trivia