2011 glyphosate-resistant palmer amaranth management in cotton culpepper, steckel, york
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2011 Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Management in Cotton
Culpepper, Steckel, York
Amaranthus rudis Amaranthus palmeri
Tennessee
Missouri
Illinois
MississippiGeorgia
S Carolina
N Carolina
Alabama
Louisiana
Arkansas
GR Pigweed in the Mid-south and Southeast
Steckel 2010
Managing GR Palmer in Cotton
(Southeast and MidSouth)
Weed Control SystemsStarting clean
At-plant residuals
Postemergence options
Layby directed and hooded options
Roundup- and Ignite-based program
Building integrated programsTillage, cover crops, etc
Preplant/PRE herbicides for Palmer amaranth
in Roundup Ready Cotton in SE
Preplant PRE
Valor
Direx
Controlling 5 inch Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth at Burndown. Macon Co., GA 2008.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 c
87 b94 a
58 b
Roundup Firestorm
2 pt
70 b
Firestorm +
2,4-D (1.5 pt)
Firestorm +
Clarity (8 oz)
Firestorm +
Diuron (1.8 pt)
*COC included with all Firestorm treatments
Palmer control at planting, burndown applied 17 d earlier. Macon Co., GA 2009.
0
20
40
60
80
100
90 b
Valor preplant
Direx preplant
99 a
2 GR Weeds in the Same Field
Steckel 2010
Burndown Programs for
GR Horseweed/Palmer
Programs:
Glyphosate + Clarity (1/2 pt)** + residual herbicide
Glyphosate + 2,4-D (2 pt)** + residual herbicide
SE residual: Direx or Valor
MS residual: Valor
Preplant/PRE herbicides for Palmer amaranth
in Roundup Ready Cotton in SE
Preplant PRE
Valor Prowl + diuron + Staple
Direx Reflex + Staple
Reflex + Cotoran
Reflex + diuron
Reflex + Prowl
Prowl + Cotoran
Prowl + diuron*Paraquat included with PRE except conventional till!
Palmer amaranth control by PRE herbicides; 40 days*
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cotoran
Prowl
Valor**
Direx
Caparol
Reflex
% control
* Average of 5 locations; 2 in GA, 3 in NC. No other herbicides included.** Applied same time as the PRE herbicides.
Staple (ALS susceptible)
GR Weed Management in CottonGR Weed Management in Cotton
Cotoran/Caparol or
Reflex on coarse soils
30 to 21 DBP Pre Emergence
Dicamba + glyphosate or Gramoxone Inteon
+/- Valor
Near Planting Burndown
Reflex apply 14 DBP and ½” of rain
Controlling GR Palmer amaranth in RR cotton. 2011. SE and MS.
POST11-lf cotton
POST 25-6 lf cotton
Layby
RU + Staple
(emerged pigweed)
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
RU + Dual or Warrant
Diuron
Suprend
Layby Pro
+
MSMA
Concept of Overlapping Residuals
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time
Her
bic
ide
con
cen
trat
ion Critical herbicide
concentration
Concept of Overlapping Residuals
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time
Her
bic
ide
con
cen
trat
ion Critical herbicide
concentration
Concept of Overlapping Residuals
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time
Her
bic
ide
con
cen
trat
ion Critical herbicide
concentration
Early topical applications with residual needed before Palmer emerges in RR cotton!!
Prowl + Reflex PRE, Roundup + Dual Magnum POST 1, Roundup + Warrant POST 2, Direx + MSMA layby
POST 1 = 25 days after PRE POST 1 = 17 days after PRE
Hooded Spray or Layby Rig
Diuron + MSMA + COC
Suprend + MSMA + COC
Layby Pro + MSMA + COC
Gramoxone + diuron + COC (+ Valor)
(still have to direct to row)
Monsanto’s Roundup Ready Cotton Performance Roundup Ready Flex Cotton (Up to $20)
Valor 2 oz Valor 2 oz OROR Reflex 1 pt = ($4.00) Reflex 1 pt = ($4.00)
Cotoran, Cotton Pro, Caparol, diuron 2 pt = ($3.00)*
Warrant 3 pt or Dual Magnum 1 pt = ($4.50 or $3.00)
Gramoxone Inteon 2 pt = ($1.00)Gramoxone Inteon 2 pt = ($1.00)
*Will pay on 2 applications
Dryland Conservation Tillage
Prowl + Reflex PRE
Roundup + Dual POST
Diuron + MSMA PD
Prowl + Reflex PRE
Ignite + Dual POST
Diuron + MSMA PD
Palmer response to Ignite
WATER VOLUME AND NOZZLE TYPE IS CRITICAL
MUST KILL IT WITH THE FIRST APPLICATION
• Timing is critical!! 3 to 4 inches for consistent Palmer control.
Weed Management in Glufosinate-Tolerant Cotton
This is not a
4-inch pigweed!
32 oz/A Gly 4 fb 29 oz/A Ignite on 12” Palmer
7 days after IGN application
20 days after IGN application
Palmer amaranth must be small (3 to 4 inches) if consistently controlled by Ignite
Whitaker
Controlling GR Palmer amaranth in LL conventional DRYLAND cotton.
PREPLANT and PRE
POST11-lf cotton
POST 26-7 lf cotton
Layby
1. diuron + Reflex
2. Cotoran + Reflex
3. Prowl + Reflex
4. Diuron + Staple
5. Cotoran + Staple
6. Diuron PRE
7. Cotoran PRE
8. Treflan PPI
Ignite 29 oz + Dual Mag.
Ignite 29 oz diuron
+
MSMA
Phytogen Widestrike Cotton
1. Confers tolerance to Ignite
2. Tolerance not complete; injury will occur and yield loss can occur if you don’t know what you are doing.
3. According to EPA, Ignite can be applied to widestrike cotton.
4. However, grower is liable as neither Bayer, Dow, nor any University recommends or warrant the use of Ignite on Widestrike cotton
Phytogen Widestrike Cotton(treated with Ignite)
2004: 1 plot (researchers playing)
2005: 0.25 acres (research)
2006: 16 acres (research)
2007: <20,000 acres
2008: ~40,000 acres
2009: ~225,000 acres
2010: >750,000 acres
LL WRF
Agronomic performance Improving Proven
Grass control May need help Can apply Roundup
Morningglory control Excellent Excellent with Ignite
GR horseweed control Good Good with Ignite
Can apply Roundup NO! Yes
Tolerance to Ignite ExcellentAcceptable (when follow recommendations)
Weed management in LL vs WRF cotton
375 WideStrike Cotton Tolerance to Multiple Applications of Ignite
Pounds Lint CottonCulpepper, York and Steckel 2010
a
a
a
b
375 WideStrike Cotton Tolerance to Multiple Applications of Ignite
Number of 29 oz /A Ig nite Applic ations
1417
1444
1224
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Pounds Lint Cotton
a
a
b
No Ignite
Ignite 2 lf and 7 lf
Ignite 2 lf, 7 lf, bloom
375 WideStrike Cotton Tolerance to Multiple Applications of Ignite
Number of 29 oz /A Ig nite Applic ations
1417
1444
1224
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Pounds Lint Cotton
a
a
b
No Ignite
Ignite 2 lf and 7 lf
Ignite 2 lf, 7 lf, bloom
2 lfPhoto 5 d after 2 lf
application
Photo 5 d after bloom + 2 wk application
Can not survive with herbicides alone any longer
Staple + Reflex + Direx PRE
Roundup WMax + Parrlay POST
Direx + MSMA Layby
What percent Palmer amaranth control?
Developing Integrated Programs
York 2010
Hand WeedingHand Weeding
2010: GA: Herbicide input: $90 million
2010: TN: Herbicide input: $35 million
York 2010Hand WeedingHand Weeding
GA: 92% of growers handweeding 53% of the 2010 crop = $16 million
TN: growers handweeding 20% of crop = $3 million
TREFLAN/PROWL
PPIPRE
0
20
40
60
80
100
Before (2004) After (2008)
5
% a
cres
*Average of Macon, Taylor, Sumpter, Schley, and Dooly counties
Herbicide Incorp.
0
Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with severe infestations.*
Tillage in Cotton During 2010%PPI
tillage GA Counties#
0 0
1-9 Worth, Pualski, Tift, Berrien, Echols, Turner, Brooks, Pierce,
Marion, Grady,
10
10-19 Emanual, Montgomery, Atkins, Coffee, Lowndes, Dooly, Wilcox,
Thomas, Crisp, Schley, Webster, Colquitt
11
20-29 Bullock, Jefferson, Treutlen, Wheeler, Daugherty 5
30-50 Effingham, Telfair, Tattnall, Dodge, Toombs, Jeff Davis, Bleckly,
Early, Lanier, Irwin, Lee, Macon
13
>50 Jenkins, Johnson, Washington, Screven, Wayne, Laurens, Randolf,
Decatur, Seminole, Miller, Taylor Ben Hill
12
Most Palmer amaranth emerges from top inch
No Deep Tillage Deep Turn
No Herbicide Treatment
Number of Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.*
GR Palmer amaranth control by tillage and cover crop residue. 2006-2010..*
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 b
50 a
Weeds
*No herbicide
Deep inversion
%
Palmer requires a significant amount of sunlight to emerge!!
>90% control in middles
In the rye, control loss was in the strip
• Activating our residual herbicides!
• Palmer free at planting!
• Ignite resistance management!
• PPO resistance management!
• ALS (and other) chemistry resistant mgmt!
Tons of Issues/Challenges
Comments or Questions?
2002: $20/A 2010: $63/A