Energy and Materials Workshop

Blair TuttleAssociate Professor of Physics, Penn State Behrend

Visiting Research Professor, Vanderbilt UniversityWorkshop supported by a grant from the

National Science Foundation

Outline08:30: Introductions08:45: Energy Overview 09:30: Structure Lab with

Marshmallows10:30: Advanced Materials11:00: Si vs SiC Devices

12:00: Lunch12:30: Bruce Lecture01:00: Bruce Lab Tour02:15: Nano-electronics03:15: Course Evaluations03:30: Finish

National Science Foundation

• $7 billion per year• 20 % basic research • 200, 000 scientists• 180 Nobel Prizes• Outreach component

Energy: from an Idea to a Law

• 400 BC – Aristotle – pleasure & motion• 1700 AD – Leibnitz – “vis viva” – m v2 • 1820s – Carnot – Heat Engines• 1850s – Thompson et al – propose Law• 1918 – Emmy Noether – proof:

conservation of energy due to time invariance of the equations of motion

Dark Matter and Energy

E = m c2

A Timeline of the Universe

Back to Earth with Energy

• Total Fossil Fuel Reserves ~ 1023-24 Joules• Energy Used in 2008 ~ 4.7 x 1020 Joules• Minimum of 200 yrs left• Solar Energy on Earth/yr ~ 4 x 1024 Joules

Getting Personal

• Estimate the energy you use to – Eat, Drive, Light, Heat ….

• 1 Food calorie = 4,200 Joules • 1 Watt = 1 Joule / second• 1 gallon ~ 108 Joules• 1 BTU ~ 1000 Joules

Human Consumption

1970 1900 1600 800 20 K 2 M

AD BC

US Energy Consumption

Sources

Si – SiO2 SiC – SiO2

(top left) Group Photo, (top right) Marshmallow Model of Si(100) surface(bottom right) group of three teachers working on structural model