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Scientific and Technological Developments:

1800-1850

Everett Davis and Rob Bultman

Rob

EV

Colt Revolver

• Patented in 1836 by Samuel Colt who was 22 at the time.

• It was modified and used by the U.S. Army in the Mexican War in 1846.

• The Colt Revolver was the first rapid fire weapon ever invented and thus was a great leap forward in firearms technology.

Everett

EV

Sources

1. “Inventor of the Week: Colt Revolver,” last modified March 2005, http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/colt.html.

2. “Samuel Colt,” PBS, accessed October 19, 2011, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/colt_lo.html.

Everett

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Telegraph and Morse Code

• In 1832-1837, Samuel F.B. Morse invented a feasible model of a one wire telegraph with his two partners Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail.

• in 1837, the telegraph was announced to the public.

• In 1838 Morse conceived the system of dots and dashes now known as the Morse Code and adopted the telegraph to use the Morse Code, making it more practical.

Everett

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Telegraph and Morse Code

• Congress granted Morse $30,000 to fund his effort to wire the United States in 1842.

• The first messages were in 1844 when Morse displayed the telegraph by sending the message, “What hath God wrought?” from the chamber of the Supreme Court to Baltimore’s Mount Clair train depot.

• Following railroad lines, the telegraph eventually spread across the United States and vastly improved communication through the spread and of information and the speed at which that information was sent and received throughout the States.

Everett

EV

Telegraph and Morse CodeEverett

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Telegraph and Morse Code

Telegraph Key Telegraph Register• Message sent from here… • …and received here.

Everett

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Sources

• “Inventor of the Week: Samuel F.B. Morse,” last modified July 2002, http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/morse.html.

• http://www.google.com/imgres?q=morse+code&hl=en&safe=strict&biw=1366&bih=643&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=e_zDt5F-WJRwoM:&imgrefurl=http://www.atlasaviation.com/morse/morse.htm&docid=LIDU5t5UthqRKM&imgurl=http://www.atlasaviation.com/morse/morsekey.gif&w=306&h=450&ei=4QOmToDdM4SXtweUuaH5Dw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=426&vpy=259&dur=1748&hovh=272&hovw=185&tx=66&ty=140&sig=108872751854069694676&page=1&tbnh=160&tbnw=109&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0

• Accessed October 29, 2011, http://studentweb.maconstate.edu/michael.chitwood/ITEC2380/final/telegraph.htm.

• “History of Morse,” last modified April 2004, http://nrich.maths.org/2198.

Everett

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Electric Motor

• The creation of the first electric motors is accredited to the British Michael Faraday, who created a model in 1831, and to the American Joseph Henry, who completed an improved model in 1831.

• Henry’s model was more feasible than Faraday's model, yet it still was not able to be implemented in any useful way.

Everett

EV

Electric Motor

• In 1832 William Sturgeon invented the first electric motor that provided sustained rotation.

• His device became the basis for most Direct Current electric motors today.

• The electric motor has proved invaluable, being used in such things as new quiet military vehicles to cell phones.

• Without them the new push for green vehicles would be severely hampered.

Everett

EV

Electric Motor

Faraday’s electric motor Joseph Henry’s electric motor

Everett

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Sources

• “Electric Motors,” accessed October 21, 2011, http://library.thinkquest.org/2763/Electricity/History/Inventions/Motor.html?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0929.

• “DC Motors,” last modified July 9, 2003, http://www.solarbotics.net/starting/200111_dcmotor/200111_dcmotor.html.

• “The Development of the Electric Motor,” accessed October 21, 2011, http://www.sparkmuseum.com/MOTORS.HTM.

• “Joseph Henry’s Contributions to the Electromagnet and Electric Motor,” accessed October 25, 2011, http://siarchives.si.edu/history/jhp/joseph21.htm.

Everett

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Steamboat

• As the steam engine was relatively new technology, the steamboat did not become successful until Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston built the North River Steam Boat (a.k.a. Claremont) in 1807.

• It took the new steamboat one day and six hours to go the 150 miles from New York City, NY to Albany, NY.

Everett

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Steamboat

• Fulton and Livingston also built the New Orleans for travel along the Mississippi river between New Orleans, LA and Natchez, MS in 1812.

• In 1809 John Stevens built the Phoenix, the first steamboat to travel in the ocean going from New York City to Philadelphia in 13 days.

• The Savannah became the first steamboat to traverse the Atlantic, going from New York City to Liverpool in 29 days in 1819.

Everett

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Steamboat

• The steamboat primarily transported sugar, cotton, and people throughout the United States.

• It had an exponential effect on the economy, turning any town on the river into a major city.

Everett

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Sources

• “Steamboat History,” accessed October 26, 2011, http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110200/steamboathistory.html#.

• “Steamboat,” accessed October 26, 2011, http://www.history.com/topics/steamboat.

• “Robert Fulton and the Age of Steam,” last modified Tuesday, August 17, 2010, http://blog.insidetheapple.net/2010/08/robert-fulton-and-age-of-steam.html.

Everett

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The Sewing Machine

• Elias Howe built the sewing machine in 1845.• The machine could stitch around 250 stitches per

minute. (The fastest sewers could do about 50 per minute)

• The machine could only sew short, straight distances at first. Elias would eventually take it to British companies to improve it. (Specifically Isaac Singer)

• The invention gave commercial businesses the ability to produce more while cutting back on workers, causing industries like clothing to boom.

Rob

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Elias Howe’s Sewing MachineRob

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Sources

• David Kennedy.“The American Pageant” 305.• http://www.cambridgehistory.org/

images_graphics/HLN_virtual/Howe_sewing.jpg

Rob

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• John Deere made his first steel plow in 1837.• The steel plow broke stubborn soil with ease

and was also light enough to be pulled by a horse.

• John’s invention would solve westerner’s problems of hard soil breaking their farm equipment, allowing westerner’s to develop their farmland.

John Deere’s Steel PlowRob

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Steel PlowRob

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Sources

• David Kennedy. “The American Pageant” 309.• http://www.supplychains.com/attachments/

wysiwyg/8079/johndeere%20logo.jpg• http://www.lib.niu.edu/2001/iht9101025a.jpg

Rob

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Cyrus McCormick’s Mechanical Mower Reaper

• In the 1830’s, Cyrus McCormick would create a machine that would reap crops at astounding rates.

• The machine would be pulled by horses, and as the machine went over the grain it would cut it. A revolving wheel would then lay the grain beside it, where someone would rake it into piles.

• McCormick's mower reaper, like other machines, reduced the amount of time it took to harvest. This meant they could grow more crops and have less workers.

Rob

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The ReaperRob

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Sources

• “Cyrus McCormick-The Reaper” accessed October 29, 2009, http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmccormick.htm

• David Kennedy. “The American Pageant” 309.• http://www.gwcmodela.org/photogallery/ima

ges/1127McCormickReaper2.jpg

Rob