200mm gan-on-si cmos compatible platform confidential imec hq r&d campus leuven, belgium 200mm...
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IMEC CONFIDENTIAL
200mm GaN-on-Si CMOS compatible platformDENIS MARCON, PH.D.
SEPT 2014
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 2© IMEC 2013 2© IMEC 2014
Who is Imec?
• Founded in 1984
• Non-profit organization with a
revenue of >300MEuro (80% industry)
• 2100 Scientists from 77 countries
• Delivery industrial-relevant R&D
and technology solutions:
• Advance CMOS scaling
• Life-science
• Energy
• Communication
• ...
• Open innovational model
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL
IMEC HQ R&D CAMPUS
Leuven, Belgium
200mm
pilot line
24/7Silicon
solar cell
line
Organic
solar cell
line NERF
lab
300mm
pilot line
24/7Nano
biolabs
450mm
ready
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL
RESEARCH PROGRAMS FOR FULL ECO SYSTEM
Green Radio
Low power wireless
communication
ImagingImage sensors
& vision systemsBAN
Life Sciences
Human++
Organicelectronics
GO OPTICAL
Si PHOTONICS
Core CMOS
Lithography Devices Interconnects
CMORE
MEMS, Sensor
Photonics
EnergyPhotovoltaics,
GaN Power and LEDs device
Sensor systems for industrial applications
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 5© IMEC 2013 5© IMEC 2014
Power supply evolution enabled by GaN-
based tech.
Higher efficiency
Current
converters
Smaller size
Higher efficiency
Hig
h fre
quen
cy
Low RonQg
Future Converters
Highly efficient
Highly compact
Hig
h inte
gration
For illustration purpose
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 6© IMEC 2013 6© IMEC 2014
Power electronics market and wideband
gap material
IT & Consumer Automotive Industry
PFC/power suppliers for
home appliance, white
goods, pc, notebook etc....
DC/DC converter DC/AC
Inverter for Hybrid
Automotive, Electric
vehicle etc...
Inverter for PV, Motor
Control, Power
distribution, train etc....
200V 600V 1200V >2000V
SiCGaNCompetition
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 7© IMEC 2013 7© IMEC 2014
GaN-on-Si power semiconductor market
prediction
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 8© IMEC 2013 8© IMEC 2014
GaN Industrial Affiliation Program (IIAP)
GaN-on-Si
IIAP Program
Mission
To deliver advanced industrial (R&D)
200mm GaN-on-Si CMOS technology Technology & Ecosystem
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 9© IMEC 2013 9© IMEC 2014
Imec offers an integrated R&D Platform on a state
of the art infrastructure
Device Design TCAD and Model.
Qualification & Rel.MeasurementsDevice Processing1
• GaN epilayer growth
2• Si3N4 passivation layer
3• N isolation implant
4• Gate area patterning
5• Gate dielectric deposition
6• Gate electrode definition
7
• Ohmic area patterning
8
• Ohmic metal definition
9• Ohmic alloy
10• Metal interconnect levels
Epitaxy
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 10© IMEC 2013 10© IMEC 2014
2001
100mm GaN-on-Si
2009
150mm GaN-on-Si
CMOS compatible
2011
200mm GaN-on-Si
CMOS Compatible
More than 10 years on GaN-on-Si
2001
100 mm
GaN-on-Si
Std III-V
devices
2007
150 mm
GaN-on-Si wafers
2009
150 mm
GaN-on-Si
CMOS Comp.
devices
2013
200 mm GaN-on-Si
CMOS Compatible
platform (e-mode,
d-mode, diodes)
2010
200 mm
GaN-on-Si wafers
2011
200 mm
GaN-on-Si
CMOS Comp.
devices
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 11© IMEC 2013 11© IMEC 2014
IMEC 200mm GaN-on-Si Platform overview
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 12© IMEC 2013 12© IMEC 2014
200mm GaN-on-Si epitaxy challenges
• (Al)GaN and Si have different lattice constant and
thermal expansion coefficient
• If the epitaxy is not properly engineered, the mismatches
between the materials can result in:
Excessive wafer bow
Large defect density Surface pits
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 13© IMEC 2013 13© IMEC 2014
AlGaN
GaN
Cap
Si <111>
buffer
200mm GaN-on-Si epitaxy
8 runs
10 nm10 nm10 nm10 nm10 nm
Buffer
GaN
AlGaN
Smooth and pit-free
GaN-epi surface
Buffer has been optimized to obtain:
• Low defect density
• No pits
• Good uniformity
Defects stops in the buffer
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 14© IMEC 2013 14© IMEC 2014
200mm GaN-on-Si epitaxy:
Reproducibility of XRD data
Reproducibility of buffer quality
High quality (Al)GaN buffer are well reproducible wafer after wafer
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 15© IMEC 2013 15© IMEC 2014
200mm GaN-on-Si epitaxy:
Reproducibility of BOW data
Reproducibility of buffer quality
High quality (Al)GaN buffer are well reproducible wafer after wafer
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 16© IMEC 2013 16© IMEC 2014
200mm GaN-on-Si (Al)GaN buffer for
High breakdown voltage
(Uniform) buffer leakage at 1100V less than 1µA/mm
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 17© IMEC 2013 17© IMEC 2014
Control of Ga contamination
a)
b)0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Etching Tool-1 Etching Tool-2 Etching Tool-3
W/O cleaning
WK-1 (W cleaning)
WK-2 (W cleaning)
WK-3 (W cleaning)
Limit
Ga
lliu
m (
101
0a
t/cm
2)
LOOP1 (with Cleaning)
LOOP2 (with Cleaning)
LOOP3 (with Cleaning)
Effective cleaning procedure of the backside
of the GaN-on-Si wafers
Befo
reA
fter
Ad-hoc effective cleaning procedure of the etching tools
• Ga is p-type dopant for Si and shall not be spread in a CMOS fab
• Imec has developed procedures to keep the Ga contamination under
control
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 18© IMEC 2013 18© IMEC 2014
Au free ohmic contacts
• Typical III-V process uses Au that is forbidden in CMOS fab
• At imec we have obtained Au free ohmics that are:
• As good as std Au containing ohmics (Rc< 0.5ohm mm)
• Uniform and reproducible
• Reliable
Within wafer distributionWafer-to-wafer reproducibility
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 19© IMEC 2013 19© IMEC 2014
• GaN-based HEMTs are normally-on (d-mode)
• Market/Industry wants normally-off (e-mode)• Recess MISHEMTs
• Junction-HEMTs
E-mode GaN-on-Si technology
P-layer
Barrier
GaN
J-HEMTRecess MIS-HEMT
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 20© IMEC 2013 20© IMEC 2014
Recess GaN MISHEMT
GaN
AlGaN
2DEG
Normally-on
(d-mode)
MISHEMT
GaN
AlGaN
2DEG
GaN
AlGaN
GaN
AlGaN
Gate
Normally off
(e-mode)
MISHEMT
Gate
c. Gate metala. Barrier Recess b. Gate dielectric
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 21© IMEC 2013 21© IMEC 2014
Recess GaN MISHEMT
GaN
AlGaN
2DEG
Normally-on
(d-mode)
MISHEMT
GaN
AlGaN
2DEG
GaN
AlGaN
GaN
AlGaN
Gate
Normally off
(e-mode)
MISHEMT
Gate
c. Gate metala. Barrier Recess b. Gate dielectric
Gate
Gate dielectric
Barrier recess
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 22© IMEC 2013 22© IMEC 2014
(Main) Challenges on Recess GaN
MISHEMT technology
• Recess technology:• Tight control of recess depth
• Low induced damages
• Gate (dielectric) technology:• Low interfaces traps density (cleanings etc...)
• Low bulk traps density (dielectric quality etc...)
• Pre/post treatments
Recess and gate technology have a strong impact on device
uniformity (Vth etc...) and performance (Ids, Ron etc...)
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 23© IMEC 2013 23© IMEC 2014
Results on GaN recess MISHEMT
10-12
10
-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
I g[A
/mm
]
151050
Vgs[V]
1nA/mm
Imec GaN e-mode MISHEMTs:
• Tight Vth distribution
• Vth >1V
• Ids < nA/mm at Vg=0V
Forward gate leakage
• Breakdown > 15V
• Below 1nA/mm at 10V
• 1% failure 20years lifetime at
150ºC for Vgmax = 8V
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 24© IMEC 2013 24© IMEC 2014
Breakdown characteristic of GaN recess
MISHEMT
10-13
10
-11
10-9
10-7
10-5
10-3
I (A
/mm
)
6004002000
Ig Id
W=18mmVg=0V
1µA/mm
Breakdown characteristic measured on a 18mm power bar at Vg =0V
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 25© IMEC 2013 25© IMEC 2014
Impact of the gate dielectric technology
Dielectric technology with
high Dit
Dielectric technology with
low Dit
On recess MISHEMT technology the interfaces and border traps at the
dielectric/(Al)GaN interface play a key role on the device performance
More
than
5x
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 26© IMEC 2013 26© IMEC 2014
200mm GaN-on-Si Schottky diodes
GaN
AlGaN
2DEG
Anode
GET = Gate Edge Termination
10-11
10-9
10-7
10-5
10-3
10-1
-200 -150 -100 -50 0
25 C150 C
Cu
rren
t D
ensity (
A/m
m)
VAC
(V)
AlGaN/GaN GET-SBDL
AC 5.0 µm
Substrate grounded
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
25 C
150 CC
urr
en
t D
ensity (
A/m
m)
VAC
(V)
AlGaN/GaN GET-SBDL
AC 5.0 µm
Substrate grounded
Optimized GET Optimized GET
200mm GaN-on-Si Imec Schottky diodes combine
• Low turn-on voltage
• Low reverse leakage current
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 27© IMEC 2013 27© IMEC 2014
Conclusion
• Imec has been working on GaN-on-Si for more than 10
years providing industrial relevant R&D
• Imec’s 200mm GaN-on-Si platform is available for
current and future partners
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL
IMEC CONFIDENTIAL 29© IMEC 2013 29© IMEC 2014
NO2 sensors
10-100 ppb NO2
in air 50% RH
T=250ºC
10ppb
20
30
40
50
6070
8090 100
10
20 ppb
NO2