2008 study guide for chapter 19, protists general characteristics of protists animal-like protists:...
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2008 Study Guide for Chapter 19, Protists2008 Study Guide for Chapter 19, Protists
General Characteristics of protists Animal-like protists: heterotrophs
– Protozoa 4 phyla Characteristics
– Movement, contractile vacuole– Any light sensory adaptations– Body plan characteristics – Any with shells—what shell is made of
General life cycle of plasmodium\relate to malaria
Fungus-like protists– Spores– Some aboeboid-like movement– heterotrophs
Plant-Like protists Unicellular Phytoplankton plankton
base of food chain, oxygendinoflagellates
Red tides/neurotoxins/algae bloom Euglena—mixotroph Oxygen and food importance (base of aquatic food chain)
Multicellular algae--seawead– Names of 3 phylum– Main pigments in each– Which is most like land plants and why– Cold\warm water; deep water?; any used commercially
MISC. TERMINOLOGY: Heterotroph Autotroph mixotroph Contractile vacuole Eyespot Spore Malaria
– plasmodium– Female Anopholes mosquito
Red tides. Dinoflagellates, algae bloom Symbiont—termite & symbiont protist
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HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTSHETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS
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CHAPTER 19 PROTISTSCHAPTER 19 PROTISTS
Major groups– Characteristics– Ecological Niches– Human Diseases
Major source of oxygen!!!
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What is a protist?What is a protist?
EukaryotesUnicellular and multicellular**The only kingdom of eukaryotes with
both autotrophs and heterotrophsMost diverse of all kingdomsMostly aquatic
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Protist VarietyProtist Variety
Animal-like—ProtozoaPlant-like—AlgaeFungus like-Water molds and Slime Molds
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Evolutionary RelationshipsEvolutionary RelationshipsAncestors of
– Fungi AnimaliaAnd
–Plant Kingdoms
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Animal-likAnimal-likProtozoaProtozoa HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS
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The Plant-like are Autotrophic The Plant-like are Autotrophic ProtistsProtists
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Homework-due WednesdayHomework-due Wednesday
19.1: #2,4,519.3: #119.2: #1
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Protozoa animal-like protists-Protozoa animal-like protists-““FIRST ANIMALSFIRST ANIMALS””
65, 000 KINDSPredators or ParasitesA few cause disease in humansCategorized Based On Type of Locomotion4 main groups
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4 Protozoa Groups (Phyla):
1. Rhizopoda (sarcodina) (pseudopods)
2. Zoomastigina (flagellated)
3. Ciliophora (cilliates)
4. Sporozoa (Complex life cycle)
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Phylum Rhizopoda Phylum Rhizopoda (sarcodina)(sarcodina)
AmoebasMostly marineAsexual reproduction
Heterotrophspseudopods
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AmoebaAmoeba
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2 groups of amoebas have 2 groups of amoebas have shellsshells
MarineExtend pseudopods through shells
1. Foraminiferans– Calcium carbonate shells– Foraminiferan tests build up and – form limestone or chalk – (e.g. White Cliffs of Dover)
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::White Cliffs of Dover White Cliffs of Dover
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22. Phylum . Phylum ZoomastiginaZoomastigina
Movementflagella Whip from side to sideSome parasites, some
helpful
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Trichonympha : symbiont in termite gut, digests cellulose
Covered with flagella.
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3. Phylum Ciliophora3. Phylum Ciliophora
Cilia: Short, hair-like structures
– movement, feeding
Cilia-beat in synchronized fashion
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Example: ParameciumExample: ParameciumMultinucleated
Oral Groove
Gullet
Anal Pore
-Contractile vacuole
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ParameciumParameciumReproduction
– Usually asexually-divide crosswise– Also sexual via Conjugation; exchange genetic
material., separate, then each divides in two Low food supply or poor environmental conditions
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4. Phylum Sporozoa4. Phylum SporozoaProduce sporesParasitesComplex life cycleAdults have no form of movement
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Diseases Caused by SporozoansDiseases Caused by Sporozoans
Malaria--Plasmodium
Toxoplasmosis
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Malarial organism: Malarial organism: PlasmodiumPlasmodium
Transmitted by FEMALE Anopheles mosquito.
Complex life cycle: 2 hosts
Sexual reproduction in mosquito–Lives part in humans (mammals)
Asexual reproduction-in mammals-spores
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Transmission of Transmission of Plasmodium & life cyclePlasmodium & life cycle
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19.2 Algae: Plant-like Protists19.2 Algae: Plant-like ProtistsSingle-celled and Multi-celledSingle-celled and Multi-celled
All are Photosynthetic – Some Unicellular- planktonic– Some Multicellular- 3 phyla –The Seaweeds
All Contain chlorophyll—as well as other photosynthetic pigments used to classify Multicellular
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Phylum EuglenophytaPhylum Euglenophyta UNIQUE--Both plant and
animal-like characteristics--may be heterotrophic –
Photosynthesis– chloroplasts– Photosensitive Eyespot
Contractile vacuole Flagella freshwater
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Single-celled algae :Single-celled algae : The The phytophytoplanktonplankton
Drift on/in waters– Shelled:
The Diatoms and Dinoflagellates
– No shells—single-celled Chlorophyta
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DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates
Cell walls – thick cellulose plates2 flagellaMost marineSome produce toxins-neurotoxinRed tides
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Phylum ChlorophytaPhylum Chlorophyta
Single-celled green algae
Ancestors of all land plantsFreshwater and marineFur of slow moving animals– tree slothsChlorophyll A & B; cellulose, starch
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Multicellular algae--SeaweedMulticellular algae--Seaweed
Accessory pigments distinguish themStructure
– Thallus—the body– Holdfast( anchor)
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Multicellular green algae- Multicellular green algae- 1. Phylum Chlorophyta1. Phylum Chlorophyta
Most like true plants:
Like land plants- they have: cellulose, starch, chlorophyll A & B
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2. Phylum Rhodophyta2. Phylum Rhodophyta
Phychobilin pigment deep water –Uses: –1.Carageenan from cell wall
–Used as Food thickener and stabilizer
2.sushi wrapper (Nori)–3.Agar-Micro labs
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3.Phylum Phaeophyta3.Phylum Phaeophyta Brown algae
– Marine; cold water like Pacific Ocean
Fucoxanthin-brown pigment
Kelp-largest (Pacific) Sargasum ( common
in Atlantic)
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Fungus-Like ProtistsFungus-Like Protists
Reproduce by sporesheterotrophic
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Water MoldsWater Molds Also cause disease in fish
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B. Downy MildewB. Downy Mildew
Many plant diseases Irish potato famine
– Blight 0f 1840’s
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