2008 kentucky river watershed watch results. what and when? herbicides in the spring – –18...
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2008 Kentucky River Watershed 2008 Kentucky River Watershed Watch ResultsWatch Results
What and when?What and when? Herbicides in the Spring
– 18 samples in May
Pathogens in the Summer– 169 Synoptic samples in late June– 51 Follow-Up samples in Late July
Chemicals & Nutrients in the Fall– 116 samples in September
Metals in the Fall– 46 samples in September
Where?Where?197 sites throughout Kentucky
River Basin
Mainly in Central Basin and North Fork Region
Poor site coverage in South and Middle Forks of Kentucky River, as well as Lower Kentucky Region
HERBICIDESHERBICIDES
HERBICIDESHERBICIDESWhy monitored?
– Potentially harmful to aquatic life and humans through drinking water
Where are they coming from?– Runoff from agricultural and residential
application
How can we minimize their presence in our waterways?– Apply only as absolutely necessary, follow
application instructions.– Maintain vegetation around and along waterbodies– Use recommended agricultural erosion control
practices.– Properly dispose of herbicide containers
(collection programs)– Do not dump leftover herbicide on ground, down
sink, or down stormwater drains.
2008 Herbicide Parameter2008 Herbicide ParameterSampled for 1 Herbicide in Spring 2008
– most likely time of year for herbicide application
Triazines– highly persistent in soil– EPA standard of 3.0 micrograms /L for
drinking water– 350 micrograms/L for acute aquatic life
criteria – 12 micrograms/L for chronic aquatic life
criteria
Herbicide ResultsHerbicide Results
Triazines detected at 2 sites, but neither exceeded water quality standards
K603 - Dry Run (0.21 ug/L)K603 - Dry Run (0.21 ug/L)
K605 – Elkhorn Creek (0.17 ug/L)K605 – Elkhorn Creek (0.17 ug/L)
K603
ElkhornCreek (K605)
PATHOGENSPATHOGENS
E. COLIE. COLIWhy monitored?
– Can indicate presence of other pathogens that may cause illness or infections in people.
Where are they coming from?– Failing septic systems, straightpipes, leaking
sewage lines– Inadequately treated discharge from municipal
sewage plants– Livestock (runoff from pasture or direct access to
waterbody)
How can we minimize their presence in our waterways?– Properly maintain septic systems.– Increase access to sewer systems.– Install fencing to keep livestock out of waterways.– Maintain vegetated buffers around waterbodies.
Pathogen ParametersPathogen Parameters
E. Coli– Swimming Standard of 240 cfu/100 ml
(instantaneous)
– Swimming Standard of 130 cfu/100ml (geometric mean of at least 5 samples in 30 days)
– Standards apply during Recreation Season from May 1 to October 31
Synoptic Pathogen Results (E. coli)Synoptic Pathogen Results (E. coli)43% > Swimming Standard43% > Swimming Standard
2008 Synoptic E coli Results - 10 Greatest Readings
1
10
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1000
10000
100000
Unn
amed
Trib
.
Spr
ing
Bra
nch
Unn
amed
Trib
.
Litt
le D
ryF
ork
Cle
men
sR
un
Kno
blic
kC
reek
Bea
con
Hill
Cvt
Tro
uble
som
e
Hic
kman
Trib
. T
oW
est
Hic
kman
K264 K517 K606 K481 K401 K235 K469 K216 K300 K418
2006 Synoptic Pathogen Sampling Results > 5,000 cfu/100 ml
Synoptic Pathogen Sampling Sites > 5,000 cfu/100 ml
Follow-Up Pathogen ResultsFollow-Up Pathogen Results78% > Swimming Standard78% > Swimming Standard
2008 Follow-Up E coli Results - 10 Greatest Readings
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10
100
1000
10000
100000
Un
na
me
dT
rib
.
Mu
dd
yC
ree
kT
rib
uta
ryW
.H
ickm
an
Cr
Wo
lf R
un
Hic
kma
n
Cra
mC
ree
k
Ro
ckh
ou
seC
ree
k
Ca
ne
Ru
nC
ree
k
KY
Rv
NF
k-P
err
y
Sp
rin
gB
ran
ch
K264 K244 K053 K468 K300 K484 K585 K005 K082 K517
2007 Follow-Up Pathogen Sampling Sites > 5,000 cfu/100 ml
Percentage of KRWW Sites Exceeding Safe Swimming Standard
0
10
20
30
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60
70
80
90
100
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Per
cen
tag
e
% of SynopticSites
% of Follow-UpSites
NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTSWhy monitored?
– Lead to algal blooms, which consume oxygen as they decompose bad for aquatic life
– Cause taste and odor problems in drinking water– Can cause “Blue baby” disease (or
methemoglobinemia)
Where are they coming from?– agricultural and residential fertilizer application– sewage and manure runoff
How can we minimize their presence in our waterways?– Only apply fertilizers as necessary – Properly maintain septic systems– Use recommended erosion control measures– Keep livestock out of waterways, properly
manage manure– Maintain vegetated buffers around waterbodies
Nutrient ParametersNutrient Parameters
Nitrate (NO3-N) – Drinking Water Supply Std. = 10 mg/L
Total Phosphorus– Unofficial KRWW Aquatic Life Std. = 0.5 mg/L
Sulfate– Drinking Water Supply Std. = 250 mg/L
Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle
Plant Protein Nitrogen
Nitrates NO3
Animal Protein
Nitrogen
Nitrites NO2Ammonia NH3
Atmospheric Nitrogen N2
Fecal Matter
Urine/Urea
Nitrate Results > 10 mg/LNitrate Results > 10 mg/L
2008 Nitrate Sampling Results - 10 Greatest Readings
02468
101214161820
K014 K026 K191 K341 K085 K531 K123 K529 K126 K224
KRWW Site ID#
Nit
rate
(m
g/L
)
Nitrate-N
Standard10 mg/L
Phosphorus CyclePhosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus CyclePhosphorus Cycle
Cells of Phytoplankton
Cells of Zooplankton
Inorganic
Phosphate
Particulate organic phosphorus
Sediment
Higher Life Forms
Dissolved organic phosphorus
Ortho-
Phosphate
2006 High Phosphorus Sites2007 High Phosphate Sites
2008 Phosphorus Results - 10 Greatest Readings
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
K026
K085
K556
K123
K341
K126
K531
K529
K191
K293
KRWW Site ID#
To
tal
Ph
osp
ho
rus
(mg
/L)
Phosphorus
Standard(0.5 mg/L)
2006 High Sulfate Sites2007 High Sulfate Sites
2008 Sulfate Sampling Results - 10 Greatest Readings
0
200
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1000
1200
1400
K216
K083
K536
K215
K111
K586
K585
K110
K103
K610
KRWW Site ID#
Su
lfat
e (m
g/L
)
Sulfate
Standard250 mg/L
HEAVY METALSHEAVY METALS
HEAVY METALSHEAVY METALSWhy monitored?
– High levels can be toxic to aquatic life or humans through drinking water
– Can interfere with industrial water uses
Where are they coming from?– Mining– Industrial discharges– Stormwater runoff from roads and parking
lots
How can we minimize their presence in our waterways?– Comply with discharge permit conditions– Use erosion control measures at mining sites
and other construction sites– Use stormwater management practices -
install retention ponds, vegetated filter strips around parking lots and along roads
Metal Parameters (28)Metal Parameters (28) Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Calcium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gold Iron Lead
Lithium Magnesium Manganese Nickel Potassium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Thallium Tin Vanadium Zinc
* Strikethrough = no detections
Metal Parameters with Standards (14)Metal Parameters with Standards (14)
DetectionsDetections * Barium
* Copper
* Iron
* Nickel
* Zinc
No DetectionsNo Detections
* Antimony* Arsenic* Beryllium* Cadmium* Chromium* Lead* Selenium* Silver* Thallium
Metals with Standards AND Detections (5)Metals with Standards AND Detections (5)
Metals Water Quality Standards
Greatest 2008 Result
Barium DWS < 1.0 mg/L UT of Neal’s Cr, K606 = 0.11
Copper WAH < 0.0012 mg/L DWS < 1.3 mg/L
UT of Springs BranchK459 = 0.05
Iron WAH < 1.0 mg/L UT of Neal’s Creek,K606 = 5.05
Nickel WAH < 0.158 mg/L Quicksand Cr.K214 = 0.005
Zinc WAH < 0.106 mg/L UT of Springs BranchK459 = 0.74
2007 High Metals Sites
2008 Sites of Concern
OVERALL WATER QUALITY:
K082 – North Fork Ky. River, Perry Co. pathogens, sulfate, metals (iron/zinc)
K216 – Lost Creek, Breathitt Co.pathogens, sulfate
K585 – Rockhouse Creek, Letcher Co.pathogens, sulfate
K606 – Unnamed Trib of Neals Creek, Lincoln Co.
Pathogens, nutrients, metals (iron/zinc)
2008 Sites of Concern
NUTRIENTS:
K026 – South Elkhorn Creek, Scott Co.(also listed in 2007 for nutrients)
K191 – Otter Creek, Madison Co.(also listed in 2007 for pathogens and nutrients)
2008 Sites of Concern
PATHOGENS:
K264 – Unnamed Tributary of Shallowford Creek, Madison Co. (also listed in 2007 for pathogens)
K300 – Hickman Creek, Fayette Co.
K517 – Spring Branch, Fayette Co.
METALS / SULFATE:
K214 – South Fork of Quicksand Creek, Breathitt Co.
2008 Sites of Concern
2006 KRWW Sites of Concern2007 Sites of Concern
Applying Your DataApplying Your Data Annual Sampling ReportAnnual Sampling Report
– Kentucky River AuthorityKentucky River Authority– Kentucky Division of WaterKentucky Division of Water
Long Term Trend ReportsLong Term Trend Reports– 5 Year Report5 Year Report– 10 Year Report10 Year Report
KRWW Web SiteKRWW Web Site– www.krww.org
KRWW ONLINE DATABASEKRWW ONLINE DATABASEhttp://www.krww.orghttp://www.krww.org
Zoom in past 1:500,000 to see site ID labelsZoom in past 1:500,000 to see site ID labels
Click on site or sites to see Click on site or sites to see allall historical data historical data
Use “Use “Area ToolArea Tool” to zoom to single site or ” to zoom to single site or group of sitesgroup of sites
Use “Use “Measure ToolMeasure Tool” to find distance between ” to find distance between 2 points2 points
Use “Use “Zoom to a LocationZoom to a Location” to zoom to a ” to zoom to a selected location (county, road intersections, selected location (county, road intersections, stream extents, etc.)stream extents, etc.)
Applying Your DataApplying Your Data Citizen Action PlansCitizen Action Plans
– Clark’s RunClark’s Run– Glenn’s CreekGlenn’s Creek– Mallard Point LakeMallard Point Lake– Millers CreekMillers Creek– Muddy CreekMuddy Creek– South Elkhorn CreekSouth Elkhorn Creek– West Hickman CreekWest Hickman Creek
Presentations to Government Presentations to Government OfficialsOfficials
KRA Watershed GrantsKRA Watershed Grants (Up to $3000) (Up to $3000)
Kentucky River Authority Kentucky River Authority Watershed Grant ProgramWatershed Grant Program
Grant offerings of up to $3,000 for watershed education, sampling, assessment, restoration projects
Applicants must be nonprofit organization, school, or local government
Applications will be accepted again in Fall ’09
Applying Your DataApplying Your Data 319 Projects319 Projects
– Ten Mile CreekTen Mile Creek
Public Participation in TMDL ProjectsPublic Participation in TMDL Projects– Eagle Creek Eagle Creek
PathogensPathogens
– South Elkhorn CreekSouth Elkhorn Creek– Cane RunCane Run– Clark’s RunClark’s Run
Pathogens, NutrientsPathogens, Nutrients
Eagle Creek Pathogen SamplingEagle Creek Pathogen Sampling
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
K3
18
K3
19
K3
21
K3
27
K3
28
K3
18
K3
19
K3
21
K3
27
K3
28
K3
18
K3
19
K3
21
K3
27
K3
28
K3
18
K3
19
K3
21
K3
27
K3
28
K3
18
K3
19
K3
21
K3
27
K3
28
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
E c
oli
Ge
om
etr
ic M
ea
n (
cfu
/10
0 m
l)
Year/Site ID#
Eagle Creek E coli Results (2004-2008)
Questions & DiscussionQuestions & Discussion
Anyone present have a 2008 Site of Anyone present have a 2008 Site of Concern? Is there any local Concern? Is there any local watershed activity addressing the watershed activity addressing the concerns?concerns?
Other questions about sampling Other questions about sampling results and their meaning?results and their meaning?
KDOW progress with updating KDOW progress with updating Watershed Watch database?Watershed Watch database?