2007-08 part i m.sc.-biochemistry

8/3/2019 2007-08 Part I M.sc.-Biochemistry

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2007-08-part-i-msc-biochemistry 1/12

NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITYJALGAON

NAAC ACCREDITTED

SYLLABUS FOR

Master of Science

In

Biochemistry

PART- I

(Semester I and II)

w.e.f. 2007-2008



NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY, JALGAON

M.Sc. Biochemistry

Part-I(W.e.f. 2007-08)

Course Structure at a Glance

Semester I

BC-101 : Enzymes and Enzyme technology

BC-102 : Plant Biochemistry, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

BC-103 : Metabolism

BC-104 : Microbial Physiology

BC-105 : Lab. Course - I

Semester II

BC-201 : Human Physiology & Biochemistry of specialized

tissues

BC-202 : Analytical Biochemistry

BC-203 : Immunology

BC-204 : Lab. Course - II

BC-205 : Lab. Course - III

• Semester I and IV will have 04 theory courses and 1 practical course each whereas

semester II and III will have 3 theory courses and 2 practical courses each.

• Practical examination will be held annually.

• Each course will have a weightage of 100 marks (20 marks internal and 80

university examination)

• Each theory course to be completed in 50 lectures of 60 min duration each

1



BC-101 : Enzymes and Enzyme technology

• Enzyme classification, Characteristics, enzyme-substrate complex, concept of

active centre, binding sites, stereospecificity ES complex formation, effect of

temperature, pH and substrate concentration on reaction rate, activationenergy, transition state theory.

• Enzyme acivity, International units, specific activity, turnover number.

• Enzyme kinetics: Michelis - Menten equation and its derivation, steady state

enzyme kinetics, significance of Vmax and Km, Bisubstrate reaction ,

examples and reaction rate equations.

• Enzyme inhibition, types of inhibitors-competitive, non competitive and

uncompetitive inhibition of enzymes, examples and experimental

determination.

• Enzyme catalysis: factors affecting catalytic efficiency of enzymes- proximityand orientation effect, distortion or strain, acid base and nucleophilic catalysis.

• Isoenzymes and multiple forms of enzymes. Methods for studying fast

reactions.

• Mechanism of catalysis of lysozyme, ribonuclease, chymotrypsin, and

carboxypeptidase.

• Multienzyme complexes- pyruvate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthetase,

advantages of multienzyme complex.

• Enzyme regulation: general mechanism of enzyme regulation, feedback

inhibition, feed forward stimulation, enzyme reparation , induction anddegradation, enzyme regulation by cAMP, covalent modification and

allosteric regulation of enzymes

• Kinetics and physiological significance of allosteric enzymes, symmetric and

sequential model for action of allosteric enzymes

• Enzyme immobilization: various methods of immobilization, industrial

application of immobilized enzymes.

• Biosensors: concept and application.

Recommended Books;

1. Fundamentals of Enzymology : N. C. Price and L. Stevens

2. Enzymes : M. Dixon and E. C. Webb

3. Biochemistry: L. Stryer

4. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry : D. L. Nelson and M. M. Cox

5. Immobilised Biocatalyst : W. Hartneir

---------------------------------

2



BC – 102 : Plant Biochemistry, Biostatistics and

Bioinformatics

Section A : Plant Biochemistry

• Photosynthesis: Structure of chloroplast, photosynthetic pigments, excitation

of chlorophyll molecule, photosystem I & II – location, mechanism of

quantum capture & energy transfer between photosystem, photolysis of water.

• Dark Reaction : C 3, C 4 and CAM metabolism, Photorespiration. Light

activation of enzymes, regulation of photosynthesis & photorespiration.

• Bacterial photosynthesis.

• Nitrogen fixation : Symbiotic & non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase

& nitrate reductase, organization of nitrogen-fixation genes, nod genes, nif

genes.

• Plant Hormones : Biochemical nature, mode of action and physiological

effects/role of Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberlins & Absisic acid.

• Secondary metabolites : Introduction, types, physiological functions &

applications of alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids, tannins & lignins.

• Biofertilisers : Introduction, types, importance, mycorrhizal fungi.

Section B : Biostatistics and Bio-informatics

• Basic terms, measures of central tendency and dispersion: Population, sample,

variable, parameter, primary and secondary data, screening and representation

of data. Frequency distribution, tabulation, bar diagram, histograms, pie

diagrams, cumulative frequency curves,. Mean, median, mode, quartile and

percentiles, measures of dispersion like range, variance, standard deviation,

coefficient of variation.

• Probability and distribution : Definition of probability, addition and

multiplication rules, binomial, Poisson and normal distribution.

• Correlation co-efficient, linear regression, regression co-efficient and co-

efficient of determination.• Bioinformatics : History, web services as bioinformatics tools- alignment

tools, the FASTA family, PatMatch, BLAST, ParAlign, ProteinEngine and

Transeq, INTERPRO, CLUSTALW, PHYLIP, BioNumeric version 2.0,

Biotechnix 3d.

Recommended Books :

1. Plant biochemistry : Hans-Walter Heldt

2. Handbook of Photosynthesis : Mohammed Pe Sarakle

3. Introduction to Plant Biochemistry : T. W.Goodwin and E. L. Mercer

4. Biochemistry of energy utilization in plants : D. T. Blackie

3



5. Plant Biochemistry : P. M. Dey and Harborne

6. Fertilizers : H. J. Tandon.

7. Computational Biochemistry : C. Stan Tsai

8. Fundamentals of Statistics : S. C. gupta

9. Biostatistics : Khan

10. Biostatistics : W. W. Daniel11. Biostatistics : P. N. Arora & P. K. Malhan

--------------------------------------

BC-103 : Metabolism

• Laws of thermodynamics, entropy, enthalpy, Gibb’s energy, free energy

changes and redox potentials, phosphate group transfer potential.

• The mitochondrial respiratory chain , organization of intermediates, , ATPsynthatase complex, theories of oxidative phosphorylation , uncouplers and

inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, substrate level phosphorylation.

• Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis and citric acid cycle, their regulation

and role in energy generation, pentose phosphate pathway and its regulation,

alternate pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.

• Gluconeogenesis, interconversion of sugars, biosynthesis of glycogen, and

starch .

• Hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

• Metabolism of Lipids: Fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid synthase complex,

regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. Desaturase and elongase and their roles.

• Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols, phospholipids, Formation and utilization of

ketone bodies, metabolism of circulating lipids.

• Fatty acid oxidation.

• Amino acid metabolism: biosynthesis and degradation of amino acid and their

regulation. Transamination and oxidative deamination. Urea cycle and its

regulation. Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.

•

Nucleic acid metabolism ; Biosynthesis and catabolism of purines andpyrimidines and their regulation. Ribonucleotide reductase, biosynthesis of

ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides. Inhibitors of nucleic acid

biosynthesis.

Recommended Books:

1. Biochemistry: L. Stryer.

2. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry : D. L. Nelson and M. M. Cox.

3. Harpers Biochemistry: R. K. Murray et al. (eds).

4. Principles of Biochemistry : G. L. Zubay.

----------------------------

4



BC-104 : Microbial Physiology

• Microbial systematics and taxonomy: New approaches to bacterial taxonomy ,

classification including ribotyping, ribosomal RNA sequencing, characteristics of

primary domains , conventional and molecular taxonomy , the species concept,nomenclature & Bergey’s manual.

• Methods in Microbiology: Pure culture techniques, Theory and practice of

sterilization, principles of microbial nutrition ,construction of culture media ,

enrichment culture techniques for the isolation of chemoautotrophs and

photosynthetic micro organisms.

• Microbial Growth: Definition of growth , mathematical expression of growth ,

growth curve, measurement of growth & growth yield , synchronous growth ,

continuos culture, growth as affected by environmental factors like temperature ,

acidity, alkalinity, water availability and oxygen, effect of toxic environments on

microbial growth like heat, pasteurization, low temperature, sound , radiation ,

magnetic field and hydrostatic.

• Prokaryotic cells: Structure, function- cell walls of eubacteria (peptidoglycan) and

related molecules , outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, Flagella and

motility, Cell inclusions like endospores, gas vesicles.

• Viruses : Discovery, classification and structure of viruses, bacteria , plant ,

animal and tumour viruses. Lysogeny, DNA viruses – positive strand, negative

strand and doubke stranded viruses, RNA viruses: adenoviruses, retroviruses ,

Viroids and Prions.

• Microbial Diseases : Disease reservoirs , epidemological terminologies,

infectious disease transmission, respiratory infections caused by bacteria

and viruses, tuberculosis , sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS.

• Diseases transmitted by: animals – rabies, plague ; insect and ticks - rickettsias,

lyme disease, malaria; food and water borne diseases. Pathogenic fungi.

Emerging and recurrent infectitious diseases. Public health and water quality.

• Host- parasite relationships : Microbial interactions with higher organisms,

normal microflora of the skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract. Entry of

pathogens into the host, Colonization and Growth. Types of toxins ( exo,

endo, entero ), their structure and mode of action. Virulence andpathogenesis

• Chemotherapy/ Antibiotics : Antimicrobial agents , sulpha drugs ,

penicillins and cephalosporins. Broad spectrum antibiotics, mode of

action. Resistance to antibiotics

Recommended Books :

1. General Microbiology, : Stainer, R.Y. , Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis , M.L. and P.

R.Painter

5



2. Brock Biology of Microorganisms : Madigan, M.T.Marinko, J.M. and Parker,

J.

3. Microbiology : Pelzar, M. J. Jr.,Chan , E. C. S. and Kreig, N. R.

4. General Microbiology : Robert. F . Boyd

5. .Microbial Physiology : G. Moat, John. W. Foster

----------------------------------------

BC-105 : Lab. Course – I

1. Preparation of liquid and solid media for growth of microorganisms

2. Isolation and maintenance of microorganisms by plating, streaking and serial

dilution methods

3. Biochemical characterization of selected microbes

4. Isolation of pure cultures from soil and water

5. Growth curve : measurement of bacterial population by turbidometric andserial dilution

6. Effect of temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources on bacterial growth

7. Study of micro-organisms by Gram stain, acid fast stain and staining for

spores

8. Demonstration of anti-bacterial activity & MIC of a commercial antibiotic

9. Isolation and culture of a common fungal strain

10. Demonstration of antifungal activity & MIC of commercial fungicide

11. Analysis of water for potability and determination of MPN.

12. Estimation of nitrogen by Kjeldal method

13. Spectral characteristics and estimation of chlorophyll

14. Determination of PS II activity

15. Bioefficacy of biofertilizers

Recommended Books :

1. Laboratory manual of microbiology : J.G.Cappuccino and N Sherman

2. Bacterological Techniques by F.J. Baker

3. Introduction to Microbial Techniques : Gunasekaran

4. Experiments in Microbiology, plant pathology, tissue culture and

Mushroom cultivation : K.R. Aneja

5. Laboratory manual in Biochemistry : J. Jayraman6. An introduction to Practical Biochemistry : D. Plummer

7. Practical Biochemistry : K Wilson and Walker

8. Biochemical Methods : S. Sadasivan and K Manikam

9. Hawk’s Physiological Chemistry : B. L Oser (ed)

--------------------------------------------

6



BC-201 : Human Physiology & Biochemistry of specialized

tissues

Biochemistry of blood clotting , clotting factors, intrinsic and extrinsic

pathways, mechanism of formation of thrombin, fibrin, fibrin clot, role of vitamin K clotting process, lysis of fibrin clot. Conditions that cause excessive

bleeding in humans.

Biochemistry of vision, rhodopsin, its desensitization, G protein cascade, visual

cycle, colour vision.

Biochemistry of muscle contraction, myosin and actin, structure and

physiological role, regulation of muscle contraction, role of troponin and

tropomyosin, smooth muscle contraction.

Principles of gaseous exchange during respiration, transport of oxygen andcarbon dioxide in the blood, regulation of respiration.

Hormones : types, examples, mechanism of action of steroid and protein

hormones, secondary messangers, cAMP, calcium, diacyl glycerol, IP3,

regulation gene expression by steroid hormones.

Regulation of acid-base balance, types and functions of acid-base buffers,

clinical abnormalities associated with acid-base imbalance.

Biological membranes and transport, physico-chemical properties of cell

membranes, molecular constituents and architecture of membranes, asymmetricorganization of membrane lipids and proteins. Ion transport across membranes,

types of transport

Membrane channels and pumps, acetylcholine receptor channel, ligand and

voltage gated channel, generation of action potential during nerve impulse

transmission. Active transport, Na/K pump, structure, mechanism of action and

significance.

Recommended Books :

1. Molecular Cell Biology : Darnell, Lodish and Baltimore

2. Biochemistry : L. Stryer

3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry : D. L. Nelson and M.M. Cox

4. Text Book of Medical Physiology : A.C. Guyton

----------------------------------

7



BC-202 : Analytical Biochemistry

• Principle of pKa, buffer and pH , molarity and normality

• Basic principle and biological applications of ion exchange, gel filtration,

partition, affinity, gas, thin layer, paper and high performance liquid

chromatography (HPLC).

• Principle, instrumentation and application of visible and UV spectroscopy.

Dialysis and ultrafiltration.

• Ultracentrifugation (velocity and buoyant density), density gradient

centrifugation, molecular weight determination.

• Basic technique of poly acrylamide/starch/ agarose gel electrophoresis, use of

SDS and urea, isoelectrofocussing, fulse field gel electrophoresis.

• Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology, radioactive isotopes,

autoradiography, Cerenkov radiation, liquid scintillation counter.

• Principles and applications of IR, NMR, Atomic absorption and X-ray diffraction

spectroscopy.

• Principle and applications of phase contrast, fluorescence and electron

microscopy (SEM and TEM).

Recommended Books

1. Physical Biochemistry : D. Freifelder

2. Tools in Biochemistry : D. Cooper

3. Analytical Biochemistry : D. Holmes and H. Peck

4. Biophysical Chemistry : Upahye and Upadhye

5. Physical Biochemistry : K.E. VanHolde

-------------------------------

BC-203 : Immunology

• An Introduction: General properties of immune responses – innate and

adaptive immunity, types of adaptive immune responses, cardinal features of

adaptive immune responses, cellular components of adaptive immune system,

phases of adaptive immune response (recognition of antigens, activation of

lymphocytes, elimination of antigens, decline of immune responses).

8



• Cells and Tissues of the immune system: Lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells

, bone marrow , thymus , lymph nodes and lymphatic system , spleen ,

cutaneous immune system , mucosal immune system.

• Antibodies and Antigens: Natural production and distribution of antibodies ,

molecular structure of antibodies , antibody binding of antigens (features

of biologic antigens, structural and chemical basis of antigen binding ) ,

structure-function relationship in antibody molecules (features related to

antigen recognition and effecter functions).

• Major Histocompitability Complex: Discovery of MHC (mouse and human) ,

properties of MHC genes , structure, properties and cellular distribution of

MHC molecules , binding of peptides to MHC ,molecules , genomic

organization of MHC , expression of MHC molecules , immune

responsiveness .

• Lymphocyte maturation and activation: General features of lymphocyte

maturation – early maturation , acquisition of functional competence ,maturation of B and T lymphocytes ,general features of T lymphocyte

activation , functional responses of T lymphocyte . B cell activation and

antibody production

• General features of humoral immune responses: antigen recognition and

antigen induced B cell activation , helper T cell dependent antibody

responses to protein antigens , antibody responses to T cell independent

antigens , regulation of humoral immune responses by Fc receptors.

• Innate immunity: Features of innate immune recognition, components of

innate immune system , role of innate immunity in local and systemic

defence against microbes and in stimulating adaptive immune responses

• Immunologic tolerance: General features of immunologic tolerance , T and B

lymphocyte tolerance , tolerance induced by foreign protein antigens ,

termination of normal immune response

• Immune system and health: Immune response to infectious diseases (viral ,

bacterial and protozoal ), Immuno defficency disorders (SCID ,CVI, AIDS)

• Cancer and immune system

• Transplantation immunology

•

Vaccines : types and applications

Recommended Books :

1. Immunology : J. Kuby , R. Goldsby ,T. Kindt , B. Osrorne

2. Fundamental immunology : R. Coleman , M. Lombard , R. Sicard

3. Cellular and Molecular Immunology : A. Abbas , A. Lichtman

4. Immunology for Life Sciemtist : Lesley – Jane Eales

5. Immunology : K.R.Joshi, N. O. Osamo

6. Introduction to immunology : J. W. Kimball

7. Immunology : D. M. Weir, J. Steward

-------------------------------

9



BC-204 : Lab. Course – II

1. Purification of a typical enzyme (beta amylase)

2. Effect of temperature, activators and inhibitors on the enzyme activity

3. Determination of Km and Vmax of amylase by double reciprocal plot4. Determination of specific activity and turn over number of salivary amylase

5. Immobilization of typical enzyme

6. Concept of pH, buffers, molarity and normality

7. Colorimetric estimation of protein

8. Colorimetric estimation of inorganic phosphate

9. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography

10. Separation of plant secondary metabolites by TLC

11. Purification of proteins by ion-exchange chromatography

12. Paper electrophoresis

13. Determination of molecular weight of protein by gel permeation chromatography

(Demonstration)14. Demonstration of HPLC / HPTLC / PAGE

15. Demonstration of GC / AAS / Lyophilizer

Recommended Books :

1. An introduction to practical biochemistry : Plummer, D

2. A laboratory manual in biochemistry : Jayaraman, J.

3. Practical Biochemistry : K Wilson and Walker

4. Biochemical Methods : S. Sadasivan and K Manikam

5. Hawk’s Physiological Chemistry : B. L Oser (ed)

6. Experimental Biochemistry; A student companion : B. S. Rao and V. Deshpande

----------------------------------

BC-205 : Lab. Course - III

1. Estimation of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL.

2. Estimation of SGOT and its pathological significance.

3. Estimation of SGPT and its pathological significance.

4. Determination of serum alkaline phosphatase5. Urine examination: normal & abnormal constituents

6. Estimation of glucose in blood by enzymatic method

7. Estimation of serum bilirubin

8. Determination of clotting and prothrombin time

9. Determination of blood groups

10. Widal Test

11. Quantitative estimation of antigen sandwitch ELISA method (antibody capture

method)

12. ELISA (qualitative method)

13. Radial Immuno diffusion

14. Western blotting (D)

10



15. Estimation of Thyroid hormones by RIA (D)

Recommended Books

1. A Handbook of Practical and Clinical Immunology : G.P. Talwar and S. K. Gupta

(Eds)1. Hawk’s Physiological Chemistry : B.L. Oser (ed)

2. Practical clinical biochemistry : Varlley

4. Experimental Biochemistry; A student companion: B. S. Rao and V. Deshpande

------------------------------------

11

2007-08 part i m.sc.-biochemistry

Documents