2005-04-11

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Goal Based Standards – A unique chance to define a new framework for the development of rules and regulations

Stephan Assheuer

2005-04-11INTERTANKO - Athens Tanker Event No. 2

Goal Based Standards - Background

• Autumn 2002 Bahamas and Greece initiated discussion at IMO aiming for “initial standards” to “remove the possibility of competition between Classification Societies in the quality of the construction of ships”

• IMO agreed to develop minimum “goals” to be achieved by construction rules → Goal Based New Ship Construction Standards

• Goal Based Standards shall govern the development of rules and regulations, not the individual ship!

2005-04-11INTERTANKO - Athens Tanker Event No. 3

GBS – a multiple tier proposal

Goal Based Safety Objectives

Goal Based Functional Requirements

Goal Based Verification of Compliance Criteria

Tier I

Tier II

Tier III

Codes of Practice and Safety and Quality Systems for Shipbuilding, Ship Operation, Maintenance, Training,

Manning, etc.

Tier V

IACS Common Rules, Industry Standards

Technical Procedures and Guidelines

Tier IV

IMO

Goal B

ase

d S

tand

ard

sIM

O G

oal B

ase

d S

tand

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s

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GBS in the Regulatory Framework

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GBS – Status after initial discussion

• December 2004 (MSC 79) first comprehensive technical discussions

• two approaches1. develop a set of goals of descriptive character directly

related to strength aspects of primarily tankers and bulkers, consider other aspects later

2. develop a risk based methodology with goals defining acceptable risks, break down to different subject areas (holistic approach), then start with structural matters

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Ship Safety Environmental Protection

Security Conditions of Working

Ship Safety

Fire protection

Life Saving

Apliances

Safety of Navigatio

n

Others, e.g. systems

Freeboard Operational Matters

Ship Structure

GBS – The holistic approach

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GBS – The risk based methodology

• definition of governing acceptable risks in clear and traceable figures

• breakdown of acceptable risk to the levels below

• development of PRESCRIPTIVE rules and regulations by regulatory bodies

• verification the such rules grant at least the safety level required by the goals and functional requirements

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Top-level safety objectives (Tier 0)

• limit loss of life and property (to acceptable levels)

• limit environmental damages (to acceptable levels)

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Goals (Tier I)

• a set of goals to be developed for each topic (e. g. structure, fire protection, freeboard,…)

• every goal should be substantiated by a risk level considered acceptable

• a ship should meet the goals, i. e. acceptable risk levels, whenever she is sailing, regardless of her age

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Functional Requirements

• functional requirements are derived from goals

• functional requirements must not impede technical developments

• acceptance criteria from levels above should be broken down to design targets

first the top-level tiers must be established before detailing the functional requirements

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The procedure

• new hazard identified

• FSA to identify causes and consequences

• new item on work programme

• update goals and functional requirements as necessary

• regulatory body to update his rules/regulations

• IMO to check compliance of new rules/regulations with goals

New hazard

Perform FSA

Review of FSA

Check goals and

funct. req.

Recommend new / update regulations

New / update ofgoals and funct. req.

Prove compliance of new regulations with goals and funct. req.

N

Y

2005-04-11INTERTANKO - Athens Tanker Event No. 12

Pros and Cons of the risk based approach

Pros:

measurable

verifiable

easy to broaden the scope

new designs can be easily included

proven in other industries

Cons:

complex to develop

time needed to develop this system

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GBS – The next steps

• scope is expected to be extended covering most of IMO’s technical work as a long term aim

• goals/functional requirements on structural matters will be discussed in the early stages

• results are not to be expected in the near future

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GBS – Perspective

• movement from politically triggered to technically triggered rule development

• further breakdown of risk based methodology to risk based ship design

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Thank you for your attention