(200)(200) physical and associated properties of uranium-bearing rock in five drill holes in karnes...

(200)

Physical and Associated Properties of

Uranium-bearing Rock in Five Drill Holes in Karnes County, Texas

by

G. Edward Manger and D. Hoye Eargle

U. S. Geological SurveyOPEN FILE REPORT

This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards or nomenclature.

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION...................................................... 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................... 2

STRATIGRAPHY...................................................... 3

. McElroy Formation............................................ 4

Whitsett Formation........................................... 5

Catahoula Tuff............................................... 6

URANIUM MINERALS...'. ......... ..................................... 7

URANIUM CONTENT................................................... 8

POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY......................................... 10

URANIUM, SATURATION, AND RESISTIVITY.............................. 12

SATURATION AND RESISTIVITY LOG VALUES............................. 16

LITHOLOGY OF THE CORES............................................ 18

REFERENCES........................................................ 19

ILLUSTRATIONS

Follows Page

^Figure j1. Section showing correlation of beds core-drilled invicinity of Deweesville, Karnes County, Texas...... 3

2. Core saturation, permeability, and radioactivity, and ' drill-hole resistive zones in Stones Switch Sandstone Member of Whitsett Formation, drill hole K3, : Karnes County, Texas.,............................. 12

3. Equivalent uranium oxide in cores as related to elec trical and gamma-ray logs, drill hole Kl, Karnes County, Texas............................... 13

4. Equivalent uranium oxide in cores as related to elec trical and gamma-ray logs, drill hole K2,

: Karnes County, Texas............................... 13

5. Equivalent uranium oxide in cores as related to elec- "trical and gamma-ray logs, drill hole K3, Karnes County, Texas............................... 13

6. 'Electrical and gamma-ray logs, drill hole K4,Karnes County, Texas ............................... 13

7. Equivalent uranium oxide from gamma-ray log, andelectrical log, drill hole K5, ; Karnes County, Texas............................... 13

. 8. Equivalent uranium oxide in cores as related to induction-log resistivity and drill-hole radio activity, drill hole Kl, Karnes County, Texas.....7T 13

9. Core saturation vs. drill-hole induction-log resis tivity, Karnes County, Texas....................... 16

10. Lith.ologic log, drill hole Kl, Karnes County, Texas.; 18

11. Lithologic log, drill hole K2, Karnes County, Texas. 18



14. L'ithologic log, drill hole K5, Karnes County, Texas. 18

INTRODUCTION

Five core holes were drilled in the Karnes uranium area, about 9

miles southwest of .Tails City and 14 miles west-northwest of Karnes-\

City, Karnes County, Texas, in November and December, 1956, as part of a

.geophysical and geological study made of the area before the ore was

mined.. Oil-base mud was used in drilling to prevent contamination of_...

the fluids in the cores; cores were sealed at the hole site in plastic

tubes, and both cores and bore-hole properties were studied. The physical

and associated properties of the cores of three of the more extensively

cored holes were determined. These properties include porosity,

permeability, amount of natural-state water, soil gas, capillary water,

soluble salt content, and pH and chlorinity of the extracted salt

solution. Electrical logs showing resistivity and spontaneous potential,

and gamma-ray logs were made of each hole. Cores that showed anomalous

radioactivity were analyzed for uranium. Physical and chemical properties

were integrated and related to the lithology^of the stfatigraphic zones

as recognized in the area at that time.

U. S. Geological SurveyOPE1J FILE REPORT

This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards or nomenclature*.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Core drilling was done by the Walters Drilling Company of Dallas,

Texas. Drill-hole gamma-ray logs were recorded by Carl Bunker, of the

U.S. Geological Survey. Drill-hole electrical logs were recorded by the

Schlumberger Well Surveying Corporation. Radioactivity scanning of the

core while it was sealed in the tubes was done by Dow Hough, formerly of

the Geological Survey. Chemical determinations for uranium were made by

Ivan Barlow, J. W. Budinsky, B. A. McCall, and A. H. Truesdell, of the

Geological Survey. Core analysis was performed by T. E. Sterner, R. B.

Lbwe, and W. M. Smith, under the direction of W. T. Wertman, of the

U.S. Bureau of Mines, Morgantown Petroleum Research Laboratory,

Morgantown, West Virginia. A report on the particle-size distribution of

selected samples was furnished by A. I. Johnson, of the Hydrologic

Laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado.

Peter Popenoe, of the Geological Survey, examined the core samples

under a binocular microscope and made the lithologic logs of the five

holes. Mrs. Beth 0. Davis, also of the Survey, arranged the data and

logs for illustrating the manuscript and drafted the figures.

STRATIGRAPHY

The cores described in this report were taken from rocks in the

vicinity of the uranium mines in the Deweesville area, Karnes County,

Texas. The cores represent chiefly the McElroy and Whitsett Formations

of the Jackson Group (upper Eocene). The Catahoula Tuff (Miocene) that

overlies unconformably the upper part of the Whitsett is represented j

only by 5 feet of its basal part at the top of hole K5. The McElroy and

Whitsett have been divided by Eargle (1959) into the following members.

Formation Member

Whitsett Fashing Clay Member

Dubose Member (including the Tordilla sandstone bed)

Stones Switch Sandstone Member

McElroy Conquista Clay Member

Dilworth Sandstone Member

Manning Clay Member

Mining, extensive drilling, and further stratigraphic research and

mapping undertaken in the area since this classification was established

have shown that some changes in classification are necessary, but the

changes will not be considered here, and the established nomenclature will

be followed..

Figure 1 shows the correlation of the beds penetrated by three (K2,

K3, K5) of the five core-drilled holes. Electrical and gamma-ray logs are

also shown.

McElroy Formation

The Manning Clay Member of the McElroy Formation consists of pale-

yellowish-brown to pale-olive bentonitic clay, fine-grained sand and

sandstone, and tuff. Only the uppermost 70 feet of a possible 400-foot

thickness of this member was drilled in hole K2, and the member was not

reached in the other holes. A thin, lignitic tuff that is an excellent

marker bed was drilled from 201 to 205 feet below the ground surface. A

firm, calcareous sandstone was encountered from 243 to 244 feet, where the

hole was bottomed.

The Dilworth Sandstone Member consists of grayish green to medium

gray, very fine to fine grained sandstone, carbonaceous shale, and shaly

siltstone. Some fossil-plant material was found in the upper part of the

unit, and a petroliferous fetid (hydrogen sulfide?) odor was encountered;

some fossil mollusks were found in the middle of the unit. Outcrops of

this unit show abundant borings of the brackish-water Ophiomorpha major.

Only the hole K2 penetrated this unit completely; the thickness was

determined to be 75 feet.

The Conquista Clay Member consists of gray to green to brown car

bonaceous, generally laminated bentonitic clay and minor percentages of

very fine grained sand. Fossil plants are abundant in much of this part

of the core. Mollusc shells,, including an especially significant gastro

pod Mesalia sp. were found from 16 to 30 feet below the top of the core

in a sandstone that is an excellent regional stratigraphic-marker bed on

the surface. , A brown, fissile, lignitic tuff that had a strong fetid

(sulfide?) odor was encountered in hole Kl at 213 to 216 feet and in hole

K3 at 231 to 237 feet. The thickness of the unit averages 58 feet in the

core holes.

Whitsett Formation

The Stones Switch Sandstone Member is a light-gray to light-green

fine to very fine grained sand. The middle part of the unit is silty and

clayey. Small amounts of carbonaceous material generally are present;

also some pyrite and some limonite staining. The thickness of the unit

averages about 55 feet.

The Dubose Member consists of light- to dark-gray or greenish-gray

sands, silts, and clays, and at least three beds of brown lignitic tuff

or lignite. Although most of the section contains some plant matter, the

three lignitic beds were found in all holes and are good stratigraphic

markers. Pelecypod shells were found near the base of the unit in hole

K3.

The Tordilla sandstone bed is at the top of the Dubose in holes K3

and K5. This is a very fine grained gray sand about 35 feet thick. The

thickness of the Dubose unit below the Tordilla sandstone bed averages

about 82 feet; about 29 feet of the Tordilla sandstone bed was drilled in

hole K5.

The Fashing Clay Member, at the top of the Whitsett, consists of

olive-green clay, locally fossiliferous, white fine-grained tuff, brown

to gray tuffaceous silt, and about 3 feet of lignite and lignitic tuff at

its base. The unit is about 80 feet thick in hole K5. The Fashing is

overlapped by the Catahoula in the Deweesville area, but to the southwest,

where there.is no overlap, there is an additional 100 feet of tuffaceous

clay at the top of the member.

Catahoula Tuff

The Catahoula Tuff overlies unconformably the Fashing Clay Member of

the Whitsett Formation in this area. It consists of pale-brown or buff

calcareous tuff with a basal conglomerate of tuff balls, opalized wood,

and some chert gravel and coarse sand. It is only about 5 feet thick at

the top of hole K5, but down the dip has been found to be about 500 feet

thick in wells drilled for oil.

URANIUM. MINERALS

Uranium' minerals were not found by inspection of core with a hand

lens, nor were any identifiable by microscopic examination of core from

ore zones at drill holes Kl and K3 (A. H. Truesdell, 1958, written

communication). However, Truesdell found that all radioactive material

from the ore zones at these drill holes was recoverable as bromoform

.float. He noted that the only uranium minerals lighter than bromoform

are fluorescent (U+6) carbonates, but a check by means of ultraviolet

light gave no indication of fluorescence. It is possible that uranium

is sorbed by \clay minerals, but the uranium-bearing sandstones contain

minimum amounts of clay.

URANIUM CONTENT

Uranium and equivalent uranium (oxide) content shown by cores, cut

tings, and gamma-ray drill-hole logs for drill holes Kl, K2, K3, and K5

are as follows .

Drill Hole Kl K2 K3 K5

Altitude, feet

'Tordilla sandstone'bed

'Radioactive zone, depth,feet

eU000 (and eU) percent 3C§re

Drill hole

U, percent, core

Stones Switch Sandstone

Upper radioactive zone, ._ depth, feet

eU0 00 (and eU) percent

Core .

Drill hole

U, percent, core

Lower radioactive zone, depth, feet

eU0 00 (and eU) percent 3 o

' Core

Drill hole

U, percent, core

469

11-12

<0.01

414

Absent

460 495

120-123

0.006-0.032

<.005- .034

157-162

Absent or above 16'

26-29

25-28 95-120

0.005-0.018 JO.004-0.012 \ (cuttings)

.027- .072 .010- .15

.002- .011 .004- .011 (cuttings)

Barren

143-146

0.014-0.093

.018- .22

.073^

158-163

0.014-0.11 0.032-0.52 0.006-0.01

.016- .12 .045- .68 .015

.022- .068.086^

I/ For this tabulation, radioactivity in counts per minute (shown on figures

S, 4,-~5, -and 6) has been converted to eU.,0 - percent.

2j eU of.' sample split, 0.073 percent

3/ eU of sample split, 0.079 percent

This tabulation shows that uranium about equals equivalent uranium

at depths below 100 feet and apparently at depths from 25 to 28 feet at

drill hole K3. At drill hole K2 at depths from 26 to 29 equivalent uranium

exceeds uranium by a factor of as much as 10. Uranium in deeper deposits

seems to be only slightly oxidized, but in some shallow deposits, as at

drill hole K2, it apparently is considerably oxidized. In a pit near

drill hole K2 the ore is highly oxidized and in radioactive disequilibrium

(MacKallor and others, 1962). Faint, intermittent radioactivity extends

to the base of the Stones Switch Sandstone, which at drill holes Kl and

K3 is respectively at 171 and 187 feet.

POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY

The uranium-bearing sandstone is soft and unconsolidated and

apparently the most permeable and porous of all sandstone that was core-

drilled. Specimens of uranium-bearing sandstone usually disintegrated

during preparation or testing for porosity and permeability, but 28

samples of unconsolidated barren sandstone from various formational unitsX

showed mean porosity as 39 percent and logarithmic mean permeability as

about 300 millidarcys. ' A comparison of grain-size properties and

porosity and permeability of a few uranium-bearing and barren samples

suggests that mean porosity of uranium-bearing sandstone may exceed 39

percent and logarithmic mean permeability may exceed 300 millidarcys,

as follows.

Soft unconsolidated sandstone

Uranium-bearing Barren (4 samples) (4 ^samples)

Median grain diameter, mm

Mean 0.15 0.09

Range .072- .262 .063- .110

Clay (particles <0.004 mm diam.), percent

Mean 6 , 11

.Range 2 -" 11 4-17

Sorting, Trask coefficient

Mean '1.29 > 1.70

Range . 1.22 - 1.48 1.39 - 2.38

Pprosity, percent

Mean ' 46 (not available) ,, co Range , ' 41-52

Permeability, millidarcys ~! i '

Mean, logarithmic 303Range .(nf available) ^

10

Larger grain size, less clay content, and better sorting for the

uranium-bearing samples indicate greater porosity and permeability. Two

of the uranium-bearing samples show the excellent sorting of beach sand

as indicated by low sorting coefficients of 1.22 (Krumbein and Pettijohn

1938, p. 232).

11

URANIUM, SATURATION, AND RESISTIVITY

For the purposes of this report uranium ore is defined as a concen

tration of uranium of about 0.1 percent eU0 0 0 (or eU) or more that occursJ O

in an interval '1 foot thick or more. Ore at drill holes Kl, K2, and K3

occurs near the base of a partially unsaturated zone that usually under

lies saturated sandstone. Unsaturation at the top of a uranium-bearing

zone grades downward into saturation at the bottom. Uranium does not

extend below the level of saturation, but characteristically a shadow

zone of radioactivity extends into saturation. For convenience, partially

unsaturated zones are designated as saturation zones. Saturation zones

at all drill holes are defined by electrical log resistivity zones delimi

ted at inflection depths of spontaneous potential curves.

These relations are illustrated at drill hole K3, as indicated in

figure 2. Or£ is in the lower part of a resistivity zone that peaks at 19

ohm-meters. The base of the ore is at 144.4 feet. Effectively complete

saturation as 97 percent is reached at 145.6 feet, where the core contains

uranium as 0.014 percent eU000 .J o

Saturated sandstone that lies above the resistivity zone that peaks

at 19 ohm-meters is soft and fine grained and shalier at the base. Values

are spread considerably on each side of 100 percent saturation, probably-

.because of experimental and sampling error. Exceptionally high saturation

values, which reach 219.7 percent at 139.9 feet, apparently are due to a

physical decrease in porosity occasioned during extraction of fluid con

tents of the porosity specimens upon which saturation values are based.

The three saturation values that apparently exceed 140 percent actually

may be less than 100 percent, as they are indicated as lying at the top

of the 19 ohm-meter resistivity zone.

There is no evidence' that a .shale or clay body separates the mentioned

saturated sandstone from the underlying partially unsaturated permeable

sandstone, where uranium as 0.093 percent eU^Op. is found. Minimum permea

bility in the saturated sandstone seems to be about 3 millidarcys.

12

toSATURATION, PERCENT

Normal electrical resistivity logs based on 5.6-inch electrode

spacing were obtained in drill holes Kl to K5, as indicated in figures 3

to 7. These figures also show drill-hole radioactivity and eU0 0 0 contentJ O

of cores. Drill hole K4 showed no abnormal radioactivity, and the few

cores from drill hole K5 did not include the radioactive zone. The normal

logs were recorded after the oil-base drilling fluid had been displaced

by fresh water. .

Induction electrical resistivity logs based on 40-inch spacing between

transmitter and receiver coils were obtained in drill holes Kl (figure 8)

and K2. These logs were recorded in oil-base mud in order .to obtain the

best 'approximation to formation resistivity.

Ore-grade concentrations of uranium in core from drill holes Kl, K2,

and K3 occur closely below the highest resistivity peak for the drill

hole. A maximum peak .on the gamma-ray drill-hole log also occurs below a

maximum resistivity peak in drill hole Kl, as shown in figures 3 and 8.

Maximum radioactivity of other drill-hole logs tends to occur above maxi

mum core radioactivity, probably indicating faulty depth registration

between radioactivity and electrical logs. Prominent resistivity peaks

in drill hole K4 in zones of only normal radioactivity occur opposite

beds of hard sandstone where presumably porosity is relatively low, and

resistivity, relatively high.

13

SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL

MILLIVOLTS

RESISTIVITY

. IP . .O .1 .2 .3 .4 .4 .« .7 .a .» 10 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

RADIOACTIVITY

Ground level 469 feet

, , 2p 4p ohms, m /mx 10 counts/min.

298*

DEPTHS IN FEET BELOW GROUND LEVEL

PERCENT eU308 IN CORES

120*

t>.0.006 to 0.032

I57-I«2'

3-.0.014 to 0.11

in1 0.003

Normal radioactivity below 171 feet

EXPLANATION

Electrical Log

Electrical log by Schlumberger Well Surveying Corp.

Gamma-ray drill-hole Log Radioactivity increases *

Gamma-ray log by C. M. Bunker, U. S. G.

Figure 3.--Equivalent uranium oxide in cores as related to electrical and gamma- ray logs, drill hole Kl, Karnes County, Texas.

(follows p. 13)


RESISTIVITY

10l.'.ii. .1 . t

MILLIVOLTST . .' . 'i i' t i

1.0 5.0

RADIOACTIVITY

20 ohms, m /m

DEPTH 0 Ts»a£.Ground level 413.5 feet

UJ Oz i O 1-1H- s(/) CO

37 I

to* Ir> cr z: o

98 -100

01o

173

2001

i i o X 1Ucounts/min.

DEPTHS IN FEET' 1 BELOW GROUND LEVEL

PERCENT eU308 IN CORES

5^ o.ooV'iw'j-O.S2(26-2»'|

*f-O.OI (J2-33") J>0.005 (36-3**)


EXPLANATION

Electrical Log


Gamma-ray drill-hole Log

Radioactivity increasesGamma-ray log by C. M. Bunker, U. S. G. S

Figure 4.--Equivalent uranium oxide in cores as related to electrical and gamma-ray logs, drill hole K2, Karnes County, Texas.

(follows p. 13)


10

RESISTIVITY, ohms. nT/m

0 10 20 TOO4-

MILLIVOLTS'' ' 'j u jj-T-4- -i -I r*r + L

140 i

RADIOACTIVITY, x 10 d counts/min.

ground level 460 feet

PERCENT eU3Og IN CORES

>0.014 to 0.093146* 158'

p-0.006 to 0.01 'r 0.009 r 0.002 0.004

Normal radioactivity below 182 feet EXPLANATION

Electrical Log



Gamma-ray drill-hole Log Radioactivity increases >-

Gamma-ray log by C. M. Bunker, U. S. G. S

Figure 5. --Equivalent uranium oxide in cores as related to electrical and gamma- , ray logs,. drill hole K3, Karnes County, Texas.

(follows p. 13)


10 i i i

RESISTIVITY, ohms. nT/m

10 20 100i i i i i i i i i i

.2 A .4 .9

MILLIVOLTS .DEPTHr 0

RADIOACTIVITY, x 10° counts/min Ground level 510 feet


200

Electrical log



Radioactivity increases-Gamma-ray log by C. M. Bunker, U. S. G. S

re 6.--Electrical and gamma-ray logs, drill hole K4, Karnes County, Texas.

(follows p. 13)

I SPONTANEOUS i POTENTIAL RESISTIVITY

20 40 60 ohms,

300J


tJ-O.II (95-96')

(103-104*)

0.035-0.15 OIZ-II4') 0.024 (117-119')

(0.010 (119-123')

TORDILLA SANDSTONE

2m /mx 10 counts/min

PERCENT eU308 BY DRILL

HOLE GAMMA-RAY LOG


EXPLANATION

Electrical log


Gamma-ray drill-hole log

Radioactivity increasesGamma-ray log by C. M. Bunker, U. S. G.~S

Figure 7. Equivalent uranium oxide from gamma-ray log, and electrical log, drill hole K5, Karnes County, Texas.

(follows p. 13)

0

RESISTIVITY

10 i______' i i iii i i i i i i i i i

0 .1 .1 .3 .4 .B .6 .7 . * 1.0 Z.O 3.0 4.0 8.0

20 ohms, m /m

3DEPTH RADIOACTIVITY

" 0 |ii^j- Ground level 469 feet

.0 __ T r»x 10

-100-

-200

298^


PERCENT eU3Og IN CORES

120'

>. 0.006 to 0.032

I57-I6E'

. 0.014 to 0.11

^0.003Normal radioactivity below EXPLANATION

171 feet :

Induction Log

40-inch spacing between transmitterand receiver coils.



Radioactivity increases * Gamma-ray log by C. M. Bunker, U.S.G.S

Figure 8.--Equivalent uranium oxide in cores as related to induction-log resistivity and drill-hole radioactivity, drill hole Kl, Karnesx County, Texas.

(follows p. 13)

Resistivity and saturation data associated with uranium ore occur

rence ate shown in the following table.

Resistivity-Saturation Zones Ore

Maximum

Depth,

feet..

139-149

149.5-171

Core

saturation,,

percent

...... . 62 - --

80

resistivity Depth, Core

Depth,

feet .

Drill

146

154

TT i -P«««- saturation, Value feetpercent ',

onm-m

hole Kl

15.0^'

6.0^ 156.8-158.0 86

eU3°8

percent

0.11^

16-28

139-145.8

56

74

Drill hole K2

26.7-27.819 14. 8-

Drill hole K3

140 19.0-' '142.7-144.7

Drill hole K5

57

63

JL/ 40-inch induction log.

2/ Cores.

3/ 5.6-inch normal log.

'4/ Drill-hole log.

0.1-0.

0.054-0. 0932/

94-106

j

107-121-'

97 52-''^

,- \

'; 109 34-' :

95-96

103-104.. - , _. . 112-114 }

0.11^

4/0.12-'

0.035-0. 15^

14

This tabulation illustrates: (1) regular occurrence of uranium ore

below a resistivity peak; (2) for drill holes Kl, K2, and K3, partial

unsaturation in the ore zone; (3) and for drill hole K5, where cores were

not obtained, relations between resistivity and ore occurrence similar to

relations in the other drill holes.

Electrical logs of drill holes Kl and K5 (figs. 3, 8,_and 7)_suggest

that intervals from 149 to 149.5 feet in drill hole Kl and from 106 to 107

feet in drill hole K5 represent minor formation breaks.that do not reflect

separation of overlying saturated sandstone from underlying partially

saturated sandstone. If so, respective resistivity-saturation zones

extend from 139 to 171 feet and from 94 to 121 feet.

15

SATURATION AND RESISTIVITY LOG VALUES

The relation between formation resistivity, as indicated by induction-

log resistivity in drill holes Kl (fig. 8) and K2, and formation satura

tion, as indicated by cores obtained by drilling with oil-base mud in

these drill holes, is shown in figure 9. The regression curve is limited

to points based on soft unconsolidated sandstone, or the kind of rock

where uranium ore occurs. The curve indicates that unconsolidated sand

stone is partially unsaturated if induction-log resistivity is 16 ohm-

meters or more. Saturated harder sandstone, however, also shows higher

resistivity because of lower porosity, as is indicated by the K2 sample

from 146 feet, where porosity is 27 percent.

The core sample from 234 feet from drill hole Kl gives a marginal

indication of partial unsaturation. If occurrence of uranium is causally

related to a degree of unsaturation, possible occurrence of uranium at

deeper levels at drill hole Kl should be considered, even though no

radioactivity is indicated at 234 feet.\

Because the 5.6-inch normal-resistivity log was recorded in all drill

holes, it serves to. compare values recorded by this log with those recorded

by the induction log and the 16-inch normal log, as follows:

16

100

EXPLANATION

mt .-a-.27

95% "confidence limit of forecast for uncon-

sol idated.,sandstone,

I5»f

&

30

Soft unconsolidated sandstone:* Drill hole Kl0 Drill hole K2

Shaly sandstone:* Drill hole Kl

Medium hard sandstone:-oDrill hole Kl

Hard sandstone: -Drill hole K2

Lignite: ;* Drill hole K2234Depth of resistivity peak 39 Percent, porosity

o35

for uncon solidated sandstone.

22a35

)O 2Q

RESISTIVITY, OHM-METERS

9 .--Core saturation vs. drill-hole induction-log resistivity, Karnes County, Texas.

(follows p. 16)

Drill-Hole Resistivity, Ohm-Meters Core

Zone Peak 40-inch 16-inch 5.6-inch saturation,

depth* depth> induction normal normalfeet feet iog log iog percent

[Drill-hole diameter 5-5/8 inches. In

duction log run in oil-base drilling mud.

Normal logs run in fresh-water mud after

displacement of oil-base mud.]

Drill hole Kl

? to 24

65.5 to 69

116 to 121

122 to 131

139 to 149

149.5 to 171

218.5 to 223

227 to 237

263.5 to 268

16 to 28

28.5 to 33 -

34.5 to 39

144 to 146.5

158.7 to 165.3

199 to 204.5

This tabulation shows that the 5.6-inch normal log usually yields a

maximum resistivity value, and the 16-inch normal, an intermediate value,

It also shows that observed 5.6-inch normal resistivity of 26 ohm-meters

"or more "probably indicates"a degree of^unsaturation under drill-hole ~~

conditions as noted. Thus peak values of 52 and 34 ohm-meters for the

"5.6-inch normal log at depths of 97 and 109 feet in drill holw K5

probably indicate unsaturation.. 17

22

66

117

124

146

154

221

234

266

19

29

35

146

162

204

19.0

13.6

4.3

9.3

15.0

6.0

5.8

10.7

7.4

Drill

14.8

8.4

3.6

15.0

9.1

10.0

5.5

11.6

24

7.6

8.1

17.2

9.1

hole K2

27

14

4.8

16.9

9.5

11.6

5.1

17.2

26

14.4

15.1

18+

13.5

18+

5.1

18+

11.8

18+

35

70

100

63

62

80

94

90

86

56

84

91

100

88

100?

LITHOLOGY OF THE CORES

Cores (or drill cuttings in zones that were not cored) were studied

under binocular microscope for lithology.-^ The logs prepared _from

examination are presented in figures 10-14.

18

REFERENCES

Eargle, D. H., 1959, Stratigraphy of the Jackson Group (Eocene), south-

. central Texas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 43,

'no. 11, p. 2623-2635.

Krumbein, W. G., and Pettijohn, F. J., 1938, Manual of sedimentary

petrology: D. Appleton-Century Co., New York, 549 p.

MacKallor, J. A., Moxham, R. M., Tolozko, L. R., and Popenoe, Peter,

1962, Radioactivity and geologic map of the Tordilla Hill-

Deweesville area, Karnes County, Texas: U.S. Geol. Survey

Geophys. Inv. Map GP-199.

19

Jockson Group

Whitsett Formation

McElrcy Formation

Stones Switch Sandstone Member

Conquista Clay Member

Dilworth Sandstone Member

Manning Clay Member

LOCATION MA

U.S. Geological SurveyOPEN FILE MAP

'T> :;:ap is preliminary and :ia3 :-.cL V.ei-n edited or reviewed *:r L-c:-.f ormity with Geological i'^rve^ standards or noKenc?"*"

1USGS K 2

GL 4135' USGSK 3

GL 460'USGS K5

GL 495'

TO 301'

EXPLANATION

Electrical Log Depths are in feet below ground level

Llgnitic Tuff Gamma-ray Lag

Radioactivity Increoses

Ore-bearing Zone

K 2 or USGS K 2Drill Hale Numb*r

GLGround Level

In feet above sea level

FM -Farm la Market Road

plOO Feet

500 1000 Feet I______I' FIGURE

SCALE

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I Cotahoula Miocene

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s_i_ ___

*> ~^_ Stones Switch

p Sandstone Member

-?= Conquista Clay Member

nc'

WhitsettFormation

McElroy Fbrmaticn

1

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Group

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-

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(200)(200) physical and associated properties of uranium-bearing rock in five drill holes in karnes...

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