2.0 components of drilling rig

8/19/2019 2.0 Components of Drilling Rig

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Reference books

• Azar J.J. and G. Robello Samuel, 2007,Drilling Engineering, Penn ell !ooks

• !ourgo"ne Jr, A.#., $ill%eim, &.&.,

'%ene(er). $.E. * +oung Jr., .S.,, - / ,A11lied Drilling Engineering, Socie)" ofPe)roleum Engineers, SPE )e )bookseries

• 3"son, 200 Air and Gas Drilling $anual• $i)c%ell, R and $iska ,S undamen)als of

DrillingEngineering


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#eac%ing $a)erial and books

• Rabia 4ussain, ell Engineering andcons)ruc)ion.

• Jos%i PP , 4orizon)al 5ell #ec%nolog"• 555.s1e.org• 555.bookboon.com

http://www.spe.org/http://www.spe.org/


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Rigs Components


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Types of Rigs

Drilling rigs are classified as:I. Land rigs

II.Offshore rigsFloating rigs

SemisubmersibleDrillship

Bottom- supported rigs: there are three typesJa ! " ups#latformBarge


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Inland Barge

Semisubmersible

Land

Jackup

Drillship

Types of Drilling Rigs


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Land RigPlatform

Jack-upSemi-Submersible

Drill ShipT.L.P.

Types of Rigs


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Land Rig


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ffshore Drilling Rigs

S6!$ERS !3E 89: ; :0 5orld 5ide< =3A=D !ARGES 8P>S#ED< ? @er" S%allo5 a)er 8u1 )o 20;22f)<S6!$ERS !3E R G !ARGE ? S%allo5 a)er 8u1 )o 70 ;-00f)<

P3A# >R$ n)ermedia)e a)er8Pe)ronius 6S G>$B -/00f)C<

JA'&?6P S%allo5 )o n)ermedia)e a)er8C ? 00 5orld5ide< 820 ; 00f), (er" fe5 900f)<

SE$ ?S6!$ERS !3E n)ermedia)e ; Dee1 a)er8C ; -/0 5orld 5ide< 8900 ; 7:00Cf)<

DR 33 S4 P n)ermedia)e ; Dee1 a)er? ;


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S!"LL #-#"T$R %"R&$ R'&


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PL"T( R) R'&


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J"C*-+P

R'&Derrick cantileveredover stern of hull.

Well conductor


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S$)'-S+%)$RS'%L$ R'&

“Ocean America” (on tow)


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DR'LLS!'PS


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$ drilling rig is a de%i e used to drill& ase and ement oil andgas 'ells.

(he orre t pro edure for sele ting and si)ing a drilling rig is

as follo's:*. Design the 'ell

+. ,stablish the %arious loads to be e pe ted during and testing

operations and use the highest loads. (his point establish the depth

rating of the rig

. /ompare the rating of e isting rigs 'ith the design loads

0. Sele t the appropriate rig and its omponents.

(undamentals


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)ain Drilling Rig $,uipment Systems


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Rig $,uipment Systems

Derrick and Substructure

Hoisting System

Circulating System

Rotating System

Blow Out Prevention

Power System


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1erti al Stru ture that pro%ide the %erti al height re2uired

to raise and lo'er the drillstring to hole.

(his stru ture 'ithstand t'o types of loading 'ind and

ompressi%e loading.

DERRICK


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(he foundation in 'hi h the derri ! and usually the

Dra'-'or!s sit.

(he substru ture must support not only the derri ! 'ith

its load but also the 'eight of other large pie es of

e2uipment.

It ontains spa e for storage and 'ell ontrol e2uipment.

S BS!R C!RE


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T!$ ! 'ST' & S ST$)


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+sed for raising and lo/ering the drilling

assembly0 and for running casing0 completion

e,uipment and other tools in and out of the

hole.

HOIS!I"# S$S!E%


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!oistingSystem

Crown Block

Deadline

Tra eling Block

Drum

Deadline !nchor

S"orage Reel

#as" Line

Drawworks

3

4

$ireline

%ipe ele a"ors

Drum Brake


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!oisting System

It pro%ide the hoisting and bra!ing po'er re2uire to raise or

lo'er the hea%y strings of pipe.

(he prin ipal parts of the dra' 'or!s are:5otating drum

$ series of shaftsDrum bra!e/hains and gears for hanging speed and for re%ersing/athead

It ontains the main bra!e for stopping the drilling line.

DR&''ORKS


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Dra//orks


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$ blo ! lo ated at the top of the derri !.

It ontains a of shea%es on 'hi h is 'ound thedrilling line.

6sed to hange the dire tion of pull from the dra'

'or!s to the tra%elling blo !.

!oisting SystemCRO'"B(OCK


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Cro/n %lock


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(he blo ! and ta !le 'hi h is rigged 'ith the

ro'n blo ! by multiples of drilling line strungbet'een the ro'n blo ! and the tra%elling blo !.

!oisting System

!R&)E((I"# B(OCK


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Tra1eling %lock


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Deadline "nchor


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(he hoo! is lo ated beneath the tra%elling blo !.

(his de%i e is used to pi ! up and se ure thes'i%el and 7elly.

!oisting System

!HE HOOK


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(he 'ire rope used to support the Drilling (ools

made up of strands 'ound around a steel ore.

,a h strand ontains a number of small 'ires

'ound around a entral ore.

!oisting System

DRI((I"#(I"E


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Types of $ire Rope Lay

Rig*t (ang (ay

(e+t (ang (ay

!oisting System

DRI((I"#(I"E


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Type of $ire Rope Cons"ruc"ion

!oisting SystemDRI((I"#

(I"E


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(he drilling line has a 3 *8 onstru tion 'ith

independent 'ire rope ore 9 I 5/; thisonstru tion implies that there are 3 strands

ontaining *8 filler 'ires.

!oisting SystemDRI((I"#

(I"E


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R T"T' & S ST$)


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Rotating $,uipment

Drill %ipe

Drill Collars

Bi"

Swi el&elly

&elly Bushing&'B' (le a"ionRo"ary Table

(he swi el supports the 'eightof the drillstring and permitsrotation.

(he kelly is the first se tion ofpipe belo' the s'i%el.(he outside ross-se tion of the!elly is s2uare or he agonal topermit it to be gripped easily forturning.

(he ma


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(he rotary tool that is hung fromthe hoo! of the tra%eling blo !to suspend the drill string andpermit it to rotate freely.

It also onne ts the rotary hoseto the drill string and pro%ide

passage'ay for the flo' ofdrilling fluid into the drillstring.

(he s'i%el must support the'eight of the drillstring.

Rotating $,uipment

S'I)E(


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It is suspended from the S'i%el through the a properly fitting

bushing !no' as 7elly bushing and onne ted to the topmost


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It has a bored

passage'ay that permitsfluid to be ir ulated into

the drill stem and up the

annulus or %ise %ersa.

Rotating $,uipment

KE(($


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$ de%i e that 'hen fitted

to master bushingtransmits tor2ue to the

7elly and simultaneously

permits %erti al mo%ement

of the 7elly to ma!e hole.

Rotating $,uipmentKE(($

B SHI"#


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$ de%i e that fits into the

rotary table opening to

a ommodate the slips and

dri%e the 7elly bushing so

that the rotating motion of

the rotary table an be

transmitted to the 7elly

Rotating $,uipment%&S!ER

B SHI"#


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,2uipment used to turn the drill stem and supportthe drilling assembly.

Rotating $,uipmentRO!&R$!&B(E


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It has a be%eled gear arrangement to reate the

rotational motion and opening into 'hi h bushings

are fitted to dri%e and support the drilling assembly.

It transmits the rotary motion or tor2ue from the

po'er sour e to the dri%e bushing.

Rotating $,uipmentRO!&R$!&B(E


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Rotary Table


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$n alternati%e to the 7elly and rotary table

lo ated belo' the S'i%el that 'hen a tuated

allo's the Drillstem to spin and pro eed in drilling

most modern rigs employ a (op Dri%e system for

rotating the drill string

Rotating $,uipment

!OP DRI)E


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Top Dri1e System


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Top Dri1e System

Topdri e

Rig floor Drill pipe

)!* frame

+uiderails


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T!$ C'RC+L"T' &S ST$)

Circulation System


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Circulation System

,ud -ouse

Drill Collar

BoreholeShaleslide

,ud pi"

Shaleshaker

Chemical "ank,ud re"urn

line

Discharge

,udpump

Swi el

&elly

Drill pipe

!nnulus

Reser epi"

Bi"

S"andpipe

Ro"ary hose


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Circulation System

" ma2or function of the fluid 3

circulating system is to remo1e the

rock cutting from the hole as drilling

progresses.


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Circulation System

The drilling mud travels

1. From the steel tanks to the mud pump

2. From the pump through the high pressure surfaceconnection to the drillstring

3. Through the drillstring to the bit

4. Through the nozzles of the bit and up the annularspace

5. Through the contaminant - removal e uipment backto the suction tank


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Circula"ing sys"em consis" of "he following:

.' ,ud %ump

/' %ump ,anifold

0' S"andpipe

1' Swi el

2' Drills"ring

3' !nnulus

4' Re"urn Line

5' Shale Shaker

6' Desander

.7' Desil"er

..' Degasser

./' ,ud "anks

Circulation System


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Circulation System

Ci l i S


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The heart of the circulating system is the mud pumps.There are two types of pumps used in oil industry duplex, and

triplexA basic pump consist of a piston ( the liner) reciprocatinginside a cylinder. A pump is described as a single acting if it pumps fluid on theforward stroke, and ( triplex pump) If it pumps on both theforward and backward strokes ( Duplex)

Circulation System

% D P %P


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Triple4 Pump


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$n arrangement of piping and %al%es that re ei%es drilling

fluid from one or more mud pumps and transmit the drilling

fluid to the su eeding ir ulating omponent.

P %P%&"I,O(D

Circulation System


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(he %erti al pipe 'hi h arries mud from the rig

floor into the Derri ! to the 7elly hose. It must bepressure tested to the 'or!ing pressure '

Circulation System

S!&"D PIPE


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(he passage'ay of the drilling fluid as it omes

out of the 'ell.

RE! R" (I"E

Circulation System

Ci l i S


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(he shale sha!er is a ontaminant " remo%ing

de%i e& and uses a %ibrating s reen to remo%euttings from the mud.

It is the first solids remo%ing de%i e.

It is lo ated at the end of the flo' line.

Circulation System

SH&(ESH&KER

Ci l i S


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$ entrifugal de%i e for remo%ing sand from the

drilling fluid to pre%ent abrasion of the pumps.

Circulation System

DES&"DER

Circulation System


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$ entrifugal de%i e for remo%ing free parti les of silt

from the drilling fluid to !eep the amount of solids in

the fluid at the lo'est possible point.

Circulation System

DESI(!ER


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Circulation System

Degasser

• This 1essel is used for gas contaminationremo1al

%ud!anks

• " /aste pit0 usually an e4ca1ated earthen-

/alled pit


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#$LL C TR LC )P $ TS


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(he 'ell ontrol system pre%ents the un ontrolled flo' offormation fluids from the 'ellbore.

hen the bit penetrates a permeable formation that has a

fluid pressure in e ess of the hydrostati pressure e ertedby the drilling fluid& formation fluids 'ill begin displa ing the

drilling fluid from the 'ell.

(he flo' of formation fluids into the 'ell in the presen e of

drilling fluid is alled a =!i !>.

#ell Control Component

# ll C t l C t


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$ell Con"rol componen" consis" of "he following:

Di1erter

%lo/out Pre1enter

"nnular %lo/out Pre1enterPipe Ram

%lind ram

Shear ramDrilling Spools

"ccumulator and % P control system 5 *oomey unit6


%l / t P 1 t


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%lo/- ut Pre1entersBell nipple

#low line#ill line

!nnular pre en"er

%ipe ramShear8blind ram

&ill line Choke

%ipe ram

(mergency kill line (mergency choke

B9% riser Drilling spool

Casing head

# ll C t l C t


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$ di%erter system may be employed as a means of'ell ontrol during %arious stages of a drillingoperation by dire ting 'ell flo's a'ay from the rigand personnel.(he system an pro%ide a degree of prote tion prior

to setting the asing string upon 'hi h the blo' outpre%enter sta ! and ho!e manifold 'ill be installed


DI)ER!ER


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Di1erter

ll C l C


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Stop flo' from a 'ell using a ring of syntheti

rubber that ontra ts in the fluid passage. (herubber pa !ing onforms to the shape of the

pipe in the hole.


&"" (&R B(O'O ! PRE)E"!ER

# ll C l C


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?a%e semi ir ular openings 'hi h mat h the

diameter of pipe si)es for 'hi h they are designed.


PIPE R&%



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It is designed to shear the pipe in the hole upon

losing. (his 'ill ause the drillstring to drop into

the hole and 'ill stop flo' from the 'ell. Shear

rams are used only 'hen the annular and pipe

rams fail.


SHE&R R&%

# ll C l C


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$re designed to lose the 'ell 'hen there is no

pipe in the hole.


B(I"D R&%

# ll C l C


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It is used to pump mud into the 'ell under

pressure


KI(( (I"E

# ll C l C


75/81

6sed as an element bet'een rams to pro%ide

mud e it lines su h as ho ! and !ill lines.Drilling spools be flanged& studded or lamp "

on type.


DRI((I"#SPOO(S



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(he a umulator is a hydrauli system that maintains

and stores enough high pressure fluid to operate e%ery

fun tion of the 9BO#;

(he system has a pump 'hi h pumps the hydrauli fluid

into storage bottles.

(he storage bottles ha%e floats 'hi h separate the

hydrauli fluid from the gas 9nitrogen; in the upper part

of the hamber.


&CC % (&!OR


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PO'ERS$S!E%


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Po/er System

@odern rigs are po'ered by internal " ombustion

diesel engines and generally sub lassified

depending on the method used to transmit po'er

to the %arious rig system.

7. The diesel 3 electric type

8. The direct 3 dri1e type


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Po/er System

Diesel 3 $lectric Rigs9 are those in which the

main rig engines are used to generate electricity.

Electricity ower is transmitted easily to various

rig system.


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Direct 3Current )otors9 can !e wired to give

a wide range of s eed " tor#ue characteristics

that are e$tremely well " suited for the hoistingand circulating o erations.

Po/er System


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Rig $,uipment Systems

2.0 components of drilling rig

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