2 tcpip basis
TRANSCRIPT
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TCP/IP Basis
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The communication is realized via
TCP/IP protocol stack between The
computers with different model, different
manufacturer and different OS. This
course will introduce the architecture of
TCP/IP protocol stack, the function of
each layer and data encapsulation.
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Upon completion of this course, you will be
able to :
Know architecture of OSI RM
Master architecture TCP/IP and
the function of each layer
Understand the process of TCP/IP
data encapsulation
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Chapter 1 TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Chapter 2 Data Encapsulation of
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Chapter 3 Case analysis
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OSI Reference Model
OSI RM: Open System Interconnection Reference Model
OSI RM has the following advantages
To predigest pertinent network operation
To provide compatibility and standard interface between devices
To accelerate standardization working
Structure is separable
Easy to realize and maintenance
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OSI Reference Model
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Low Layers: In charge of data
transmission in network.
High Layers: In charge of data
transmission between hosts.
Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
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Functions of the Seven Layers
Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer1
2
3
4
5
6
7Provide communications
between applications
Deal with data format problems
Establish, maintain and manage sessions
Establish, maintain and
manage end to end connection
Addressing and routing
Provide link medium accessand link management
Bit flow transmission
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TCP/IP model
TCP/IP
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
5
4
3
2
1
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
OSI
VS
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TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Provide application program
network interfaces
Establish terminal to
terminal connection
Addressing and
route selecting
Physical media access
Binary data flow transmissionPhysical layer
HTTP, Telnet, FTP
TFTP, Ping
TCP/UDP
IP
Ethernet, 802.3, PPP
Interfaces, wires
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Communication between Layers of TCP/IP
Model and Data Encapsulation
Segment
Packet
Frame
BitPhysical layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Application
layer
0101110101001000010
Upper layerdata
Upper layer
dataTCP header
Upper layer
dataIP header
FCSUpper layer
dataLLC header
FCSUpper layerdata
MAC header
Host A PDU
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Data De-encapsulation
0101110101001000010
Upper layer data
Upper layer data
TCP+ upper layer data
IP+TCP+ upper layer data
LLC header+ IP+TCP+ upper layer data
Host B
Physical
layer
Network
layer
Data link
layer
Transportlayer
Application
layer
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The Function of Physical Layer
Define medium type, interface type, sign type
criterion of requirement for electric, engine, flow and function
when physical link is activation, maintenance and shutdown
between the terminal system.
Criterion of character such as voltages, data rate, maximum
transmission distance and physical connector.
LAN WAN
8
0
2
.
4
8
0
2
.
5
F
D
D
IV.35
V.24
G.703
EIA/TIA-232
8
0
2
.
3
Physical
(Bits,signals,
clocking)
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Physical layer medium and device
Physical layer medium
Coaxial cable
Twisted-pair
Fiber
Wireless radio
Physical layer device
Repeaters, HUB
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The Function of Data Link Layer
LLC sub-layer
MAC sub-layer
MAC Sub-layer : Media Access Control Sub-Layer
Appoint that how to transmit data packet via physical line and
communicate with physical layer
LLC Sub-layer: Logic Link Control Sub-layer
Distinguish protocol types, encapsulate the data and transmit via
network
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
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Protocols of Data Link Layer
LAN WAN
8
0
2
.
4
8
0
2
.
5
F
D
D
I
802.2 LLCFrame
Relay PPP
V.35
Dial
onDemand
SDLC HDLC
V.24
G.703
EIA/TIA-232
8
0
2
.
3
Data link layer LAN, WAN protocol
Physical
(Bits,signals,
clocking)
Data Link
(Frames)
Data link layer device
Ethernet switch
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Data Link Layer Address
MAC address is composed of 48 bits. The vendor ID of Huawei
products is 0x00e0fc.
00e0.fc01.2345
24 bits 24 bits
00e0.fc01.2345
Rom
Ram
Vender Code Serial Number
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The Function and Device of Network Layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
B
Router A Router B Router C
A
CD
EApplication layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Function
Data forwarding in the different networkDevice
Router, layer 3 swtich
Host A
Host B
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Protocols of Network Layer
Protocols of Network layer
8
0
2
.
4
8
0
2
.
5
F
DD
I
802.2 LLCFrame
RelayPPP
V.35
Dial
on
Demand
SDLC HDLC
V.24
G.703
EIA/TIA-232
8
0
2
.
3
IP/ICMP/ARP/RARP
Physical(Bits,
signals,clocking)
Data Link
(Frames)
Network
(Packets)
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Network Address
IP Address
Network address identifies a device in the network layer
uniquely
Network address include two parts
Network ID
Host ID
Host IDNetwork ID
8.2.4810.
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The Function of Transport Layer
Segment upper layer data
Set up end to end connection
Transmit data from end to end
ensure the reliability of the data
transmission
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Protocols of Transport Layer
Physical
(Bits,signals,
clocking)
Data Link
(Frames)
80
2
.
4
80
2
.
5
F
D
D
I
802.2 LLCFrame
RelayPPP
V.35
Dial
on
Demand
SDLC HDLC
V.24
G.703
EIA/TIA-232
80
2
.
3
Network(Packets)IP
Transport
(Segments)UDPTCP
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Main Protocols of Transport Layer
TCP
Connection-oriented
Reliable
Suit the application with
high reliability
High cost
UDP
Connectionless
Trustless
Suit the application that
concerns transmission
efficiency
Reliability depends on
application
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The Function of Application Layer
Provide user interfaces and deal with specify applications
Provide data encryption, decryption, compression
and decompression.
Specify the standards of data presentation.
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Protocols of Application Layer
Physical
(Bits,signals,
clocking)
Data Link
(Frames) 80
2
.
4
8
0
2
.
5
F
D
D
I
802.2 LLCFrame
Relay PPP
V.35
Dial
onDemand
SDLC HDLC
V.24
G.703 EIA/TIA-232
8
0
2
.
3
Network
(Packets)IP
Transport
(Segments)UDPTCP
Application
(Data)TFTP SNMP RIP DNS Radius
FTP TELNET HTTP
SMTP/POP3 DNS
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Chapter 1 Internet Connection of
TCP/IP
Chapter 2 Data Encapsulation of
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Chapter 3 Case Analysis
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The Encapsulation Process of TCP/IP Protocol Stack
User dataApp header
User dataTCP headerIP header
TCP Segment
IP Packet
46-1500 bytes
14B 20-64B 20-60B 4B
Ethernet Frame
Application
TCP
IP
Application drive
user data
User dataTCP header
Ethernet traileruser dataTCP headerIP headerEthernet header
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TCP Segment
16b 16b 32b 32b 64b
Source
Port
Dest.
Port...Seq Num Ack Num Option
14B 20-60B 20B-60B 4B
Ethernet Frame
Ethernet trailerUser dataTCP headerIP headerEthernet header
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IP Packet
versionMessage
length Service type Total length
identification Flag Chip offset
Time to live protocol Message header checksum
Source IP address
Destination IP address
IP options
0 15 16 31
20B
Fixed
message
header
14B 20-60B 20B-60B 4B
Ethernet trailerUser dataTCP headerIP headerEthernet header
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Issue of IP Fragment
Fragment principle: comparing with data length and MTU, if the former islarger than the latter, fragment is needed.
HostHost
MTU MTU
Fragment on sending end
Fragment on the middle routers
IP
packet
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Ethernet Frame
Ethernet_II
Length/Type value meaning
Length/T > 1500
Length/T
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Chapter 1 Internet Connection of
TCP/IP
Chapter 2 Data Encapsulation in
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Chapter 3 Case Analysis
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Case Analysis (1)
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Case Analysis (2)
Source
MAC
Destination
MAC
Type
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Case Analysis (3)
Source IP DestinationIP
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Case Analysis (4)
Source port
Destination port
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Summary
What layers does OSI RM divide into?
Whats the function of each layer of
TCP/IP protocol stack?
whats the process of message
encapsulation and de-encapsulation in
TCP/IP protocol stack?
Whats the difference between MAC
address and IP address?
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