2. styles of comics - bnfexpositions.bnf.fr/bdnf/en/fiches/2. styles of comics .pdf · asterix,...
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StylesofComicsAShortHistoryofComics Comicstripshavechangedalotsincetheirbeginningsinthetwentiethcentury.
Onedefinitionofacomicstripis,“Aseriesofadjacentdrawnimages,usuallyarrangedhorizontally,thataredesignedtobereadasanarrativeorachronologicalsequence.(…)Wordsmaybeintroducedwithinorneareachimage,ortheymaybedispensedwithaltogether.”ThisdefinitionfromtheEncyclopaediaBritannicacoversmanykindsofstorytellingbasedonaseriesofimages.
AccordingtotheMerriam-Websterdictionary,thetermcomicstripinthesenseof“agroupofcartoonsinnarrativesequence”wasfirstusedin1913.TheFrenchequivalentoftheword,bandedessinée(literally,“drawnstrip”)isolder.Itgoesbackto1833,whentheSwissartistRodolpheTöpffer,createdL’HiistoiredeM.Jabot(TheStoryofMr.Jabot).Still,somepeopleconsiderthatcomicstripsdatebacktotheBritishpainterWilliamHogarthandhisstorytoldinaseriesofsixpictures,AHarlot’sProgress(1731);toHokusai’ssketches;tooldEuropeanengravingsthatincludedspeechbubbles;tomedievalilluminations,oreventoprehistoriccavepaintings!
Comicstripsbegantotakeshapeaswenowknowtheminthelate-19thandearly-20thcenturiesintheUnitedStates,withaseriescalledTheYellowKid(1896).Itwasamischievous,irreverentartformpublishedinthenewspaper.
Comicstripsandcomicbooksdidn’treallycatchonuntilthe1930sand‘40s.Thatwaswhensuper-herocomicbooks,withSupermanasthemosticonicone,appearedinthetheUnitedStates;SpirouandTintinbecamethefigureheadsofFranco-Belgiancomics,andOsamuTezuka’sfirstmangaappearedinJapan.Atthattime,comicswereconsideredstrictlyforkids.
Withtheemergenceof1960sand‘70scounter-culture,comicsopeneduptoamoreadultreadership,andbrokewiththeconventionsofentertainmentforchildren.
Sincethen,comicstripshavebeenacquiringfargreaterculturallegitimacy.Embracingbothfictionandnon-fiction,whatissometimesknownas“theninthart,”nowcoverseverysubject,fromhistoryandauto-biographytoothernon-fictiongenres.Andthankstodigitaltechnologies,comicsasanartformarecontinuallyevolving.
WiththeBDnFapp,weareofferingyouawayoftakingholdofthismeansofexpressionandusingittowriteyourownstory!
Manycountrieshavedevelopedtheirownconventionsandstylesofcomics,dependingontheirculturaloutlook.Herearethemainones:
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Franco-BelgianComicsF.Y.I.
TwodistinctivecharacteristicsofFranco-Belgiancomicsaretheirartisticvarietyandthecaretakeninmakingthebooksthemselves.Theyareusuallyhard-covereditionscalledalbums(whicharelargerthanU.S.comicbooks)withacompilationofstoriesindifferentgenres(forkids,SF,fantasy,detective,etc.)forallages.
TheBasicRules
by AdrienMartin
MajorWorksandCultClassics
Asterix,LargoWinch,Seuls,Sillage,Thorgal,Blueberry,LescarnetsdeCerise,EmileBravo,PicoBogueandmore
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GraphicNovelsF.Y.I.
Havingappearedintheearly1970sintheUnitedStatesanddevelopedrapidlyinthe2000s,graphicnovelsallowedcomic-bookauthorsandartiststoshakeofftheconventionsofgenrethemesandofFranco-Belgianalbumsandtopresentmorepersonalnarratives.Withcompletefreedominthenumberofpages,anddrawings–ofteninblackandwhite–withamorespontaneousstyle,graphicnovelsofferamorehumanreadingexperience.Typicalfeaturesoftheirstyleincludeduo-toneprinting,rectangularframes,ahighertext/imageration(longcaptions),muchhigherpagecounts,andadrawingstylethatleanstowardscaricature.
MajorWorksandCultClassics
Persepolis,TheAraboftheFuture,Polina,Maus,MyFavoriteThingIsMonsters
Super-HeroComicsF.Y.I.
TheappearanceofSupermanin1938isoftenseenasthebirthofthesuper-herogenre.Twopublishinghousessoonledthepack,andtheystilldominatethemarkettothisday:DCComics,withBatmanandSuperman;andMarvel,whichcametoprominenceinthe1960s,thankstoSpidermanandtheAvengers.Nowadays,therearehundredsofsuper-heroespublishedbyarangeofdifferentpublishinghouses.
Superheroes’continuedsuccessisduetothefactthattheyhaveevolvedtostayabreastwiththetimes,andthattheiradventuresoftenreflectthemoresofanera.
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TheBasicRules
by Raphaël Meyssan
MajorWorksandCultClassics
Batman,WonderWoman,HarleyQuinn,Spiderman,X-Men,TheWalkingDead;Hellboy,Bone
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ComicStripsF.Y.I.
Comicstripswerebornalongtimeago,duringthenineteenthcentury.TheYellowKid,launchedin1890,isconsideredtobeoneoftheveryfirst.Historically,comicstripswerepublishedinnewspapersandmagazines,ofteninblackandwhite.Nowadays,theycanbefoundincolorandonline,wherethetheyarestillverypopular.
TheBasicRules
by Un Faux Graphiste : https://fr-fr.facebook.com/unfographiste/
MajorWorksandCultClassics
Snoopy,Garfield,CalvinandHobbes,Dilbert,Popeye,TheKatzenjammerKids
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MangaF.Y.I.
Manga(thewordisthesameinthesingularandtheplural)defineJapanesecomics.TheycaughtonmassivelyafterWorldWarII.OsamuTezukaisseenasaprecursorofthemodern,dynamicmanga.Mangakas(mangaartists)usuallyworkinblackandwhite,andtheirstoriesarepre-publishedinperiodicalswithveryvariedthemes.Readershipishighlysegmentedbeforecomingoutaspaperbackbooks.Shônen,forexample,aremangaforboys;whileshôjoaremangaforgirls;andseinenaremorepsychologicallycomplexorformorematurereaders.
TheBasicRules
MajorWorksandCultClassics
OnePiece;Nausicaa,Akira,Ranma1⁄2,MyHeroAcademia,AstroBoy
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WebtoonsF.Y.I.
Webtoonswereinventedinthe2000s,inSouthKorea.Nowadays,peopleallovertheworldcreatewebtoons,buttheKoreansarestilltheundisputedmastersofthegenre. Webtoons’mostdistinguishingcharacteristicisthelengthoftheirpages,whichhavebeenconceivedforscrollingdowntoreadonasmartphone.The“scrollinggraphicnovel”isaFrenchvariationonthetheme;youreaditbyscrollingfromlefttoright.
Webtoonsplayoffofthecodesofmangaandrevamptherulesandlimitsofcomic-bookpagecomposition.
TheBasicRules
by Adrien Martin
MajorWorksandCultClassics
Noblesse,TheGamer,Relife,Bouhland,TowerofGod,HoneyBlood