2. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

Keeping in mind what is going on around us at all times …

Aviation- Captain lost of situation awareness during approach.mp4

ACTIVITY1. GAME 1 FORM PAIRS TURN BACK TO BACK DESCRIBE YOUR COLLEAGUE’S CLOTHING /MAKE UP/EYE COLOUR

4

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

The ability to identify, process, and comprehend the critical elements of information about what is happening at a given point in time.

Knowing what is going on around you!

Vigilance = S.A.

Being vigilant - being alert to the situation, not only what is happening, but what may happen:

Anticipate problems Gives you the ability to think about options without being

under the stress of an emergency Cannot be expected to be 100% vigilant during low

workloads ( ie long haul flights -take turns monitoring) Particular attention must be devoted to altitude and

course changes

SITUATION AWARENESS • 3-level taxonomy (Endersley 1995)• Level 1: Failure to correctly perceive the situation• Level 2: Failure to comprehend the situation• Level 3: Failure to comprehend the situation into the

future;

•Achieving in maintaining a high level of SA is a product of:

• Good operating philosophy• Good training• Good SOP’s• Good communication

ELEMENTS OF S.A.

CAI Huvos Camelia

System SA • system status, functioning and settings• radio• altimeter• transponders• flight modes and automation• deviations from correct settings• ATC communications present• Fuel & time and distance available on fuel Environmental SA • weather formations and movement• temperature• icing• ceilings• Fog, turbulence, winds• sun• visibility• IFR/VFR conditions• areas to avoid

CAI Huvos Camelia

Geographical SA • own aircraft & other aircraft• terrain features• airports• cities• waypoints• position relative to designated features• path to desired location• runway and taxiway assignments• path to desired location• climb/descent points Spatial/Temporal SA • Attitude & altitude• heading• velocity• flight path• projected landing time

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS MENTAL MODEL

• CREATED BY:Experience, Expectations & Briefing

• SHARED BY:Effective Communications

• MAINTAINED BY MONITORING:Instruments, Senses, ATC & Crew

SHARED SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

ALL TEAM MEMBERS’ CONTINUOUS PERCEPTION OF THEMSELVES , PEERS AND AIRCRAFT IN RELATION TO THE DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT OF FLIGHT, THREATS AND MISSSION, AND THE ABILITY TO FORECAST.

DEVELOPED THROUGH:- COMMUNICATION- LEADERSHIP- COLLABORATIVE ATTITUDE- ACTIVE LEARNING- SIMULATION- APPLICATION

CONDITIONS LEADING TO LOSS OF AWARENESS

High workloadDistractionsLack of communicationImproper procedureLack of experienceWeatherFatiguePerceptionExperience

PLAY TIME – THE UNDERSTANDING

THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE ACTIVITIES, PLEASE STEP OUTSIDE!

CAI Huvos Camelia

CUES LEADING TO LOSS OF SA IN FLIGHT

Ambiguity - information from two or more sources that doesn't agree Fixation - focusing on any one thing to the exclusion of everything

else Confusion - uncertainty or bafflement about a situation Failure to fly the plane, everyone is focused on non-flying activities Failure to look outside-everyone heads down Failure to meet expected targets Failure to adhere to sop’s Failure to comply with limitations, minimums, etc. Failure to resolve discrepancies- contradictory data or personal

conflicts Failure to communicate fully and effectively- vague or incomplete

statements

HOW TO MAINTAIN SITUATION AWARENESS

BE ALERT FOR DEVIATIONS FROM STANDARD PROCEDURES. WATCH FOR CHANGES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF OTHER TEAM MEMBERS. BE PROACTIVE, PROVIDE INFORMATION IN ADVANCE. IDENTIFY PROBLEMS IN A TIMELY MANNER. SHOW YOU ARE AWARE OF WHAT’S GOING ON AROUND YOU. COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY. KEEP ABREAST OF THE MISSION STATUS. CONTINUALLY ASSESS AND REASSESS THE SITUATION. ENSURE THAT ALL EXPECTATIONS ARE SHARED FOR COMPLETEAWARENESS BY THE WHOLE TEAM FOCUS ON THE DETAILS AND SCAN THE BIG PICTURE

A WAY TO MAINTAIN SA

Prepare through a comprehensive briefing

Acknowledge potential problems

Communicate

Use all information sources

Update and revise your flight image