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Scientific Understanding of Behavior. Where to Start. Ethical Research. Survey Research. Experimental Design. 1 pt. 1 pt. 1 pt. 1 pt. 1 pt. 2 pt. 2 pt. 2 pt. 2 pt. 2 pt. 3 pt. 3 pt. 3 pt. 3 pt. 3 pt. 4 pt. 4 pt. 4 pt. 4 pt. 4 pt. 5 pt. 5 pt. 5 pt. 5 pt. 5 pt. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Scientific Understanding
of Behavior
Where to Start
Ethical Research
Survey Research
ExperimentalDesign
When a person unquestionably uses their own personal
judgment or a single story about another person’s
experience as a way to know the world
What is intuition?
When a person accepts anything learned from the news media,
books, government authorities, or religious figures
What is authority?
Knowledge based on observations
What is empiricism?
Describe behavior, predict behavior, determine the causes
of behavior, and understand/explain behavior
What are the goals of science?
Fundamental research questions about the nature of behavior
What is basic research?
A statement about something that may be true
What is a hypothesis?
Individuals that take part in surveys
What are respondents?
They help researchers understand the dynamics of a
particular culture or organizational setting
What are informants?
They organize and explain a variety of specific facts or descriptions of behavior
What are theories?
Sometimes the most interesting discoveries in science are the
result of this
What is serendipity?
The principle in the Belmont Report that refers to the need
for research to maximize benefits and minimize any possible harmful effects of
participation
What is beneficence?
This provides researchers an opportunity to deal with issues of potential harmful effects of participation and explain the
true purpose of the study.
What is a debriefing?
Instead of using deception, the Stanford Prison Experiment is
an example of this type of alternative procedure
What is a simulation study?
This was revised in 2002 and is known as the Ethics Code
What is The Ethical Principles of Psychologists
and Code of Conduct?
Psychologists violate this ethical standard when they conduct
research and fail to tell participants about the
foreseeable consequences of declining or withdrawing from
the study
What is informed consent?(Section 8.02)
This type of relationship exists when increases in the number of hours students spend in the
library is accompanied by increases in their GPA’s too
What is a positive linear relationship?
When the nonexperimental method is used, alternative explanations for a causal relationship between two
variables exist because of this problem.
What is the third-variable problem?
This is done to eliminate the influence of individual
differences as alternative explanations for the results of
an experiment
What is random assignment?
This validity is challenged when the operational definition of a
variable is inadequate.
What is construct validity?
When a variable is measured using a reliable device, there is
little of this
What is measurement error?
An example of this measurement scale is student’s
letter grade on a test
What is ordinal scale?
This type of validity is demonstrated when a measure
is not related to variables is should NOT be related to
What is discriminate validity?
This measurement scale provides to most measurement
information
What is ratio scale?
The correlation of each item on a scale with every other item is
called this
What is called Cronbach’s alpha?
This type of validity concerns whether two or more groups of people differ on a measure in
expected ways
What is concurrent validity?