B I.."" ",.e going to hear Jack talking to hisgrandmother. Before yo" tirt.rrfl"oor. utquestions 1-g and guim who djJwnat.

Y:i:" t _frt: fack) or-G 1r". c.""i*! (t9r Jack's mother). bia 1".f.,'

'

his Gran or his Mum:1 go to London? ..J..2 go to the cinema? ........3 see a famous footballer? .......4 collect autographs? ........5 go up to tor4m alone?.........6 scream at pop concerts? ........7 worry about homework? ........8 go to a club? ........

E m Listen and check if you were right.

ll root at youranswers to Exercise 1 and answer these questions.1 \{hich things did Jack do last Saturday?

2

3What tense does he use?\{hich things did Gran do when she was young? ........

4 Did she do them regul arly? .............

tr m Listen again and complete these sentences.1 We did some revision for our exams while we ..........................2 r|dhen we .....................,.... c^,. _1 . .

fbotballer. for the cinerria, we saw a really famous

3 He a burger and all the crowdsnobody noticed him except me.

f,l U.fti.fr tense is in the gaps in Exercise 4?

8

past but

tast simple

terb + -ed*

didnot + verb

ilid ... + verb?

far verbs add -ed or -d to the verb: want --+ wanted; hope --+ hoped

y common verbs are irregular: thinle --> thougftt; make ---> made > See Appendix 2

be is irregular: am, is (not) ---> was (not)i are (not) -+ were (not)

rfre use the past simple:

e for completed actions and events in the past:',1-e hail an exam on ThursdaY.\l-e causht the coach.

o ior a sequence of actions or events:I went round the shops, then I went to the cinema.

o fbr permanent or long-term situations in the past:I really enjoyeil myself when I was a teenager.

r for repeated events:

JacLls grandmother went to lots of concerts.She always asleed. for an autograph when she met someone famous.

- See also Unit 3 for further uses of the past simple.

2 Past continuous

I wanted it.

I didn't wunt it,

Wat ili.d.youwant?

was / were + verb + -ing They were waiting.

was / wne not + verb + -ing She wasn't waiting.

was/were ... + verb + 'in* Werc you woiting?

We use the past continuous:

r for an activity beginning before a past action andThe action is usualiy in the past simple:We itiit some reuision while we were trauelling.\\rhen we were queuingfor the cinem&, u)e swtwa really famous footballer'

r for two things happening at the same time:He was bt rying a burger and all the uowdswere ualleing pest.

continuing until or after it.

we diil some revision

___Y" - r -' I"AAA^

ae were traaelling

he uas buying a burger

V?VVV }

A.lA,r.

the crowds were walk:ing Past

9

r for repeated events, with a word like arways or continuaily, especially if thespeaker is criticising the activity:Your mother w&s al-ay,

lringhu ho*r*orle. (= She did her homeworkregularly and often. Jick's g.Jna-otrrer thinks ,rr" *".t.a too hard!)o for unfulfilled plans, with verbs like hope, plan etc.:I wqs hoping to find a new jacleer. (= U.rt I didn,t find one)a state verbs are used in the past simple, not the past continuous (>see p.4):I diiln't lanow him. (not@.1

3 Used to (do) and woutd (do)

W *t i:ix im':j:",:.::xi,:i,y; ffi mt{* #"#nf:i:'*,,T:,11'#';f.'i:i:#:1,XJ:,'"t* about past habits when we are emphasising

i:::X,:'^:'rii{"2:#, autographs of fitm stars when r was a tuenaser (= she

I woulil go up to town on my own. (=she doesn,t do this now)used to can describe actions and states, but wourdcan only describe actions:All the teenagers used to / would scream at pop concerts.They used to be crazy about the Beqtl,es;.(not

)A Used, ro is much more common than would.'fi oo not confuse used to (do), whichis a past tense, with be / get used to(doing), which can be pr.r.rri'puri o. f.rru...Be / Get used to (doing) means ,be / become accustomed to doing,. Compare:I used' to worh at weereends. (= in the past I worked at weekends, but Idon't now)I'm used. to woileing at weekends. (= I often work at weekends, it doesn,tworry me)

The question form is:Are you used to wofleing st weel?ends?Be / Get used to can be followed by a noun:He ruasn't used to criticism and found it hqrcr to accept. (= people hadn,tcriticised him before so he didnt fif.. jrj

10

in the gaps ntth the past simple of the verbs in the box.

be++ come drink eat explain feedfind get glve go have know learnread seem speak spread tie write

J . . . .ead . : . , :td .. . :. '

Themystery of CaSpar Hauser!he mystery of Caspar Hauser ',.fu.g*n.... (1)I in Nuremburg, Germany, about 200 years ago.

One morning, the people of the town(2) a young man standing alone in

the square. He was holding a piece of paper in hishand. The paper ............. (3) only that he

(4) the son of a soldier. Caspar(5) how to say a few words and

when given a paper and pencil he ... . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6)his name, but he (7) completelyignorant about everyday l i fe. At f irst he

(8) only bread and (9)only water, but he gradually .......... ... .... (10) usedto ordinary meals. He also ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (11) to talfproperly.

No one ever ................ . .... . (12) out the realtruth about his birth, but ir is probable that his fatherkept him in one small room for the whole of his earlyl i fe. He (13) him on bread and

(14) him water ro drink. He(15) Caspar up and Caspar never

(16) out, he never ... . ............(17)

t0 any0ne 0r .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (18) other chi ldren. Inspite of this extraordinary chi ldhood, Caspar wasnot stupid. He ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19) books and

(20) discussions with teachersand phi losophers. News about Caspar

. . (21) through Europe and visitors

... (22) from abroad to meet him.Unfortunately, he lived only a few years, but hrsstrange life story still fascinates many people.

L1r

{!

* ' * ' * - - - * ^ l

f$ niff in the gaps with the past simple or past conrinuous of the verbs in brackets.My parents . .gAt @et) to know each other when they,....VW.g,. p.! sdy.:ng..... (st u dy) ar u ni ve r s i ry.Doctor Fisher (trauel) widely as a young man and

(always keep) a diary.

I .................... (see) my brother and his girlfriend when I ..............(wait) for the bus, but they .............. ... (not see) me.

Lily ............. (fi l l) in the application fbrm and ............ . (giue)i t to the receprionist .

While I ............... ... (work) in Rome, I ...................... (meet) a girl who(look) just like your sisrer.

Simon (finish) with his girlfriend because she(always cancel) dates at the last moment.

7 Anna's feeling depressed because she ................ . (hope) fbr a pay riselast week, but she (not get) one.

f,$ Und"rline the correct form of the verbs.

MAKING CHANGESAda Atkins, 93, explains LalJy sbe bas come to liue in toun

Years ago, nobody in my villageuould, lock / uas locking 0) their fiontdoors. We usecl to feel/would, Jbel (2) safein those days. Last month, I met/uasnxeeting (3) my neighbour in the streetwhen I was walking/woukl ualk (4)

home from the shops and she tolct/wa;telling (5) me some bad news. Thieveswere brealeing/usecl. to break (6) inropeople's houses while they Lleresitting/Luould sit (7) in their back gardens.

I realised./was realising (8) that I wasn,tuanting/didn't tLtnnt (9) to live there anymore. So last week I wrumouing/mouect (10)

to tfris little flat.I am not used/ dirl,n't use (11)to Lreing in the town yet, but people are morefriendly than I utas tbinlcing/thought (12)they might be, and I feel much happier andsafer.

{

n

i l p \

iho

Fill in the gaps with a suitable form of be /get used to'

1 Rita's very tired this morning. She .................i5n':f'..\ffid...I.A............... (not) going to bed late'

2 Don't worry about the children, they """""" going to school

by bus.

3 My new boss ............. giving orders, not receiving them.

4 She ........'.... (not) drinking wine and it made her ill'

5 .................... (tou) out climate or do you miss the sunshine?

6 I had never stayed in such an expensive hotel before, but I soon

1t.

ft Co-plete these sentences using your own ideas'

1\{henourneighbourswenttoItaly,theyl.*P...99n9...|pI.^q,f*|'.p..*inJins:

2 I was hoping to finish my homework by eight o'clock iast night, but """""""'

34

5

6

7

8

The film star shouted at the director' then she """"""'

As a small child, I would sometimes

We were coming out of the caf6 when

A hundred years ago people but now they go by car'

\,[hile you were lying on a beach, I ...."""""""""

When my father was young' he was always """""""""""""is$\

u.e(11) $re more $,!:r (12) \>ier and $

$

frN

13

This task te6ts grammar

Use of EnglishFor questions 1-15, read the text berow and decide which answer (A, B, c or D)best f i ts each space. There is an example at the beginning (O).Example:O @ spent

from the rest of thebook as well as

the grammarin this unit .

B made C held D went

A MUSICIAN IS DISCOVEREDwhen wiiliam was a smalr boy, the famiry (o) a their horidays on his grandfather,sfarm in the mountains. on their arr ival, the chirdren (1) .. race around the yard andorchard, overjoyed to be free from the stricily correct (2) .... . expected of them in thecity' As the days passed, their parents also (3) ... increasingty relaxed, and the houserang with the laughter of old friends. lt was during one of these visits that william,s(4) ... to remember a tune led to the suggestion that the boy should (5) ........ up amusical instrument. one evening everyone was gathered in the riving_room, and adiscussion (6) "'...' about the differences between a piece of music which was popularat the t ime and a well-known folk song. Various adults tr ied to (7) . the similari ty ofthe two tunes to those who (g) . . with them, but without success. (g) . . feil, anothen wil l iam, who was about f ive, made his (1o) .. . to the piano and prayed f irst onetune and then the other. His parents and their friends were astonished (11) ........ noone had even heard wi'iam (,.2r . to pray before. 'That chiro must go to a musicteacher,' (13) ..... one neighbour, and the others agreed. William,s parents werepersuaded to (14) ........ herp with payment of the fees, and his musicar (15) .. began.

L A would

2 A manner

3 A showed

4 A talent

5 A take

6 A happened

7 A prove

8 A refused

B were

B behaviour

B acted

B gift

B start

B came

B c la im

B varied

C might

G style

C became

G abi l i ty

C pick

C entered

C pretend

C disagreed

D had

D attitude

D found

D sk i l l

D bring

D arose

D test

D resisted

L4

2

6

10

f ind .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

arc4. become

make

D Conclusion

D direction

Das

Dgo

D expressed

D apply

D study

l q

B atrotrgh

B dm:de

B s:ated

I at tain

B i i v ing

lrgurnent C Doubt

C route

C when

G try

C confirmed

C achieve

C career

task, there are some irregular past simple verbs.Without lookingtext, write the past simple form of these verbs.

4

8

12

hold

come

spend

fn€gazrneclt 1.20-180

is running a competit ion called 'Memories'. Readers arewords about a signif icant event in their early chi ldhood.

asked to send in storiesWrite your story.

This task gives you a chance to practise:using the past simple and past continuous for events in the past.ttsing used to and would for past hahits.

Useful words and expressionsat the time, by chance, I clearly remember, I now realise, in rhose days, luckily,one day, there was /were, unfortunately, when I was X years old

15