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© 2008 IBM Corporation

Vikas ManoriaIT Specialist – IBM Academic Initiativevmanoria@in.ibm.com

Section -2) Java Development

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Section 2 - Section 2 - Java Development (24%)Java Development (24%)

Create Java projects, packages, classes, and methods Create Java projects, packages, classes, and methods Manage the Java Build Path Manage the Java Build Path Use the Outline view Use the Outline view Use the refactoring features Use the refactoring features Use the Java editor features such as content assist Use the Java editor features such as content assist

and code formatting and code formatting Add and organize import declarations Add and organize import declarations Use the Java search function Use the Java search function Use the Task and Problems views Use the Task and Problems views Use the Hierarchy view Use the Hierarchy view Use the resource and project property dialoguesUse the resource and project property dialogues

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The Java Perspective

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Java Perspective Toolbar CommandsAs an alternative to the New main menu command, you can create Java artifacts using the Java perspective toolbar.

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1. Create Java Project2. Create Java Package3. Create Java Class

a. Create Visual classb. Create Java classc. Create Java interfaced. Create Java Enume. Create Annotationf. Create JUnit Test Case

4. Launch New_configuration (for Code Analysis)

5. Debug Java Application6. Run Java Application7. Profile Java Application8. Run External Tools9. Open Type10. Open Search Dialog

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Overview of Java Projects

Java projects contain source code and related files needed to create a Java application.- The workbench associates Java projects with

an incremental builder that compiles Java code as it is edited.

Java projects also maintain models of their contents.- The model includes information about the type

hierarchy, declarations, and references of Java elements.

After creating a new Java project, you can import a JAR file into the project.

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Create a New Java Project

Start the Create Java Project wizard.- In the Java perspective, select File> New

>Project.

- Select Java Project.

- Click Next.

Provide a name and location for the new Java project.- Specify a unique project name.

- Set the location of the project within the workspace, or in any directory.

- Decide to use the default JRE, or use a project-specific JRE.

- Decide whether to keep source and class files together or separate.

- Click Finish.

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Java Build Path: Source and Projects

The Source tab specifies where to store the Java source files and output class files.

The Projects tab adds other projects from the workspace to the build path.- Add a project if the current Java application depends on

classes in another project in the workspace.

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Java Build Path: Libraries

The Libraries tab adds JAR files and class folders to the build path.- Add a JAR file located in the workspace with the Add JARs button.

- Add a JAR file located outside of the workspace with the Add External JARs button.

- Add classpath variables with the Add Variable button.

- Add a library of Java resources using Add Library button. Libraries are arbitrarily organized sets of JAR files.

- Click the Add Class Folder button to add a directory with class files residing outside of your workspace.

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Java Build Path: Order and Export

The Order and Export tab sets the order of JAR files and class folders in the Java build path.- Use the Up and Down buttons to arrange the order within the Java build

path.

- Select the check box next to an entry to make the source files visible to other projects dependent on the current Java project. For example, TransferJava has a project reference to AccountJava. In the Order and Export tab, the AccountJava project is selected. If a third project, CustomerJava, references TransferJava, it has access to the

classes in AccountJava as well.

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Import Archived Resources into a Java Project

Start the Import Archived file wizard.- In the Java perspective, select File>Import.- From the Import wizard, select General >Archive file.- Click Next.

Select the source JAR, .zip, or TAR file and destination.- Enter the path filename of the Archive file.- Select one or more files for importing from the Archived file.- Import files by extension using the Filter Types feature.- Use the Into folder to select a

destination Java project.

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Create a New Java Package

Start the New Java Package wizard.- In the Java perspective, select File >New >Package.

Enter the source folder and name of the new Java package.- Select a source folder as the root of the Java package structure.

If you do not have any source folders defined in the Java project, the Java project folder itself is the source folder.

- Enter the full package name for the Java package.

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Create a New Java ClassStart the New Java Class wizard.

- Select File >New >Class.

Specify the source folder and package name for the Java class.

Set the name of the new Java class and class modifiers.

Specify a single superclass to extend, and zero or more interfaces to implement.

Set the wizard to generate:- Main method stub

- Constructors from superclass

- Abstract methods from abstract classes or interfaces

Click Finish.

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The Java Editor

Syntax type categorized by color:- Java comments are green; Javadoc comments are cyan.

- Keywords and built-in types are magenta.

- Strings are navy blue.

Two indicator bars are placed on each side of the editor.- The left indicator bar is proportional to each line of code.

- The right indicator bar is proportional to the scale of the entire Java class.

Changes since your last save are denoted by a light purple bar.

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Tasks

A task is a user-defined statement that can be either associated or

unassociated.- Associated: Referencing a line in a resource- Unassociated: not related to any resource

A task is associated by opening the resource in an editor, right-clicking

the left grey border and selecting Task.

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Problems

If problems are detected, a message is logged

The message cannot be removed manually.

There are three types of problems:- Errors, Warning, and Information

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Filtering the Problem View

Use the Filter Tasks wizard to temporarily hide messages in the Problems view. - You must fix the problem to remove it permanently

Since problems are reported by validators, disabling a validator in the project's Properties page will remove the messages it reports.

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Examine Errors in the Java Code Editor

Icons on the left indicator column mark special locations.- Blue checkmarks indicate a task item.- Red circles with an ‘x’ indicate a syntax error.- Light bulb icons indicate that a quick fix is available.

Rectangles on the right indicator column display the same locations, in scale

with the whole document.- Blue rectangles indicate the relative position of a to-do item.- Red rectangles indicate the relative position of a syntax error.

Hovering over errors

provides you with

additional information.

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Correct Errors with the Quick Fix Feature

The Quick Fix feature suggests solutions to the highlighted error.- Click the light bulb icon to show a list of suggested fixes.

- Click one of the suggestions to preview the applied fix to your Java class.

- Double-click the suggestions to add the particular fix to your application.

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Code Assist / Content Assist

These features provide suggestions to complete code or script- Available for Java, HTML, JSP, XML and others

- Type Ctrl+Space to invoke Code or Content Assist

- Automatically triggered when you type a period (.) in a Java code fragment

Depends on Project container context and file type

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Additional Content Assist Features

Comment code assist provides a list of:- XDoclet-style annotation tags- Javadoc tags

Variable name assist suggests a name for a variable based on the type

name.

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Content Assist Templates

Templates provide a skeleton of common code constructs:- Try/Catch blocks for exceptions- Loop constructs

- Anonymous inner classes

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Hierarchy View

Displays the relationship between superclasses, subclasses, and implemented interfaces of the current type.Show the Type Hierarchy displays all

superclasses and subclasses of the current type.

Show the Supertype Hierarchy lists all supertypes and implemented interfaces.

Show the Subtype Hierarchy lists all

subtypes of the selected type. If the current type is an interface, the list

shows all types that implement the interface.

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Javadoc View

The Javadoc view returns an HTML rendered Javadoc Help for the currently selected resource.- Previews Javadoc comments in your class in HTML format- This view also displays the Javadoc for a class or interface

from the J2SE API

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Declaration View

The Declaration view reveals the implementation for the currently selected

class, method, or field in the Java editor.- This view allows you to quickly browse the underlying implementation for a method

call or an object definition.- Bring up the pop-up menu within the Declaration view and select Open to view the

referenced class in a new Java editor.

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The Java Browsing Perspective

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Search

Start a search by selecting Search from the main menu.The results of a search can be seen in the Search view.Previous search results are stored, and can be retrieved in the Search view or Classic Search view.

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Java Search

Java Search performs a search of declarations, references, and other Java elements.- This search type

understands the structure of a Java class and a Java interface.

- For example, search for all classes that reference the verifyLogon method within the workspace.

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Refactoring Java Code

Refactoring code allows you to make application-wide improvements while preserving the behavior of the program.- Developers often perform refactoring to make an application

more manageable.

Rational Application Developer V7 and later has built-in support for common refactoring tasks.- The Java development tools will examine your entire

application and update any references to your change.- You can choose to preview any changes from refactoring

before committing the operation.

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Move Java Class to Another Package

Start the Refactor Move wizard.- In the Java perspective, right-click a Java class and choose

Refactor >Move.- Click Next.

Specify the new destination for the Java class.- Select a different package, or use the New button to create a

new package.- Click Preview to examine the

changes before committing

the move.

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Refactoring Functions (1 of 4)

Function Description Shortcut

Undo Reverses the last refactoring operation Alt+Shift+Z

Redo Performs a refactoring operation that was

previously reversed

Alt+Shift+Y

Rename Changes the name of a Java element, and

updates all references to that element

Alt+Shift+R

Move Moves a Java element from between

classes, interfaces, packages, or projects

Alt+Shift+V

Change Method

Signature

Changes the name or parameters of a

method, and updates all references to the

method

Alt+Shift+C

Convert

Anonymous

Class to Nested

Provides a name for an anonymous class,

thus changing the class into a nested class

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Refactoring Functions (2 of 4)

Function Description

Move Member Type

into New File

Extracts a nested class and saves it as a separate

class

Push Down Moves a set of methods and fields from a class to

its subclasses

Pull Up Moves a set of methods and fields from a class to

its superclass

Extract Interface Creates a new interface based on a class.

Optionally, you can make the source class

implement the new interface

Generalize Type Replaces a type in a variable, parameter, or field

or on a method return type with one of its

supertypes

Use Supertype

Where Possible

Replaces all occurrences of a type with one of its

supertypes

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Refactoring Functions (3 of 4)

Function Description Shortcut

Inline Replace a method invocation with the

implementation of the method itself. For

static final fields, replace a reference to the

field with the actual value

Alt+Shift+

I

Extract Method Takes a section of code within a method and

places it in a new method

Alt+Shift+

M

Extract Local

Variable

Creates a local variable from an expression.

Replaces an expression with a reference to

the local variable

Alt+Shift+

L

Extract

Constant

Creates a static final field from an

expression. Replaces the expression with a

reference to the static final field

Introduce

Parameter

Within a method, extracts an expression and

replaces it with a new method parameter

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Refactoring Functions (4 of 4)

Function Description Shortcut

Introduce

Factory

Replaces a constructor with a factory

method that invokes the constructor

Convert Local

Variable to

Field

Replaces a local variable with a field. If the

local variable is initialized when it is

created, this operation moves the

initialization code to the method’s

constructor.

Alt+Shift+F

Encapsulate

Field

Replaces all references to a field with

getter and setter methods

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Source Functions (1 of 4)

Function Description Shortcut

Toggle

Comment

Adds single line comments (//) to each

line in the selection

Ctrl+/

Add Block

Comment

Adds block comment tags ( /* */ )

around the selection

Ctrl+Shift+/

Remove Block

Comment

Removes block comment tags ( /* */ )

around the selection

Ctrl+Shift+\

Shift Right Adds a tab character to the start of each

line in the selection

Tab

Shift Left Removes a tab character from the start of

each line in the selection

Shift+Tab

Format Changes the indentation, line spacing,

and braces in the entire Java class

according to the code formatter settings

Ctrl+Shift+F

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Source Functions (2 of 4)

Function Description Shortcut

Format Element Apply code formatting only to the first Java

element in the selection

Correct

Indentation

Adjust the indentation to every line in the

current selection

Ctrl+I

Sort Members Arrange the member order according to the

Member Sort Order in Java preferences

Organize

Imports

Adds any missing import statements, and

removes any unused import statements

Ctrl+Shift

+O

Add Imports Adds an import statement for the currently

selected type. Removes the package name

for a qualified type, if possible.

Ctrl+Shift

+M

Override/

Implement

Methods

Creates one or more methods defined in a

superclass or interface

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Source Functions (3 of 4)

Function Description Shortcut

Generate Getters

and Setters

Creates a getField and setField

method for one or more fields in the

current class

Generate Delegate

Methods

For a field in the current class, creates

a wrapper around methods from the

field’s class

Generate

Constructor using

Fields

Creates a new constructor that

initializes one or more fields in the

class

Add Constructor

from Superclass

Overrides one or more constructors

defined in a superclass

Add Javadoc

Comment

Adds a Javadoc comment and

appropriate Javadoc tags for the

selection

Alt+Shift+J

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Source Functions (4 of 4)

Function Description Shortcut

Surround with

try/catch Block

Adds a try/catch block around the selection to

catch exceptions

Externalize

Strings

Takes all static string declarations and saves

them into a separate properties file. Also

creates a method to retrieve strings in the

properties file.

Find Strings to

Externalize

Given a project, source folder, or package,

searches for any strings that have not been

externalized

Convert Line

Delimiters To

Changes the end-of-line indicator in the

current document to one of the three formats:Windows (Carriage return \r, line feed \n)Unix, MacOS (Line feed \n)Classic MacOS (Carriage return \r)

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Preview and Commit the Move Operation

Preview the changes before committing the move operation.- Select one of the items in the

Changes to be performed list.- To override a change made by

the move operation, clear the check box next to the change list.

- Examine the difference in the affected Java artifact using the Original Source and Refactored Source windows.

- Click OK to commit all of the selected changes from the move operation.

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UML Visualization Overview

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) provides a visual representation of the structures and relationships of elements in applications.

The UML visualization tools in Rational Application Developer V7 and later provides two main functions:- Code Visualization describes a Java application in a graphical format

using UML notation.

- Visual Editing applies changes in the UML diagram to the actual application code.

To start visualizing your Java application, create a UML diagram and document your application using UML notation.

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Create a New Class Diagram File

Start the New Class Diagram wizard.- In the Java perspective, select File

>New >Other.

- Expand the Modeling folder and select Class Diagram.

- Click Next.

Specify the name and location for the new Class Diagram file.- Specify a location for the class diagram

file.

- Choose a name for the class diagram file.

- Click Finish.

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Visualize Existing Java Resources

Open the new class diagram file.- Bring up the pop-up menu right-click in

the class diagram and select Visualize Existing >Java Type.

- Enter the name of the Java types that you want to visualize in the diagram.

Explore relationships between different Java types in the diagram.- Use the incoming and outgoing

relationship arrows to create relationships between types.

Relationships created in the diagram affect Java types in your workspace.

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Relationships between Java Types

There are four different types of relationships between Java types:- An Extends relationship exists when a class inherits the

behavior of another class.

- An Implements relationship exists when a class realizes the behavior of an interface.

- An Association relationship exists when the objects of one classifier (class or interface) are connected to, and can navigate the objects of another classifier. For example, the TransferBean class has a field of type

AccountBean.

- A Dependency relationship exists when a change in one class might cause a change in another class. For example, the TransferBean class has a method that takes an

AccountBean object as a parameter. «use»

+1AccountBean

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Java Project Properties

The Java project properties define how the workbench maintains files within the project:- Builders specify which incremental builds should run in the Java project.

For example, the Java Builder compiles source code into Java applications.

- Java Build Path defines where the compiler should search for classes referenced in the Java application.

- Java Compiler defines how the workbench compiles classes in the project.

- Javadoc Location sets where the workbench should publish Javadoc files.

- Validators automatically check the structure and syntax of certain file types, such as XML files.

To open the Java project properties, right-click the Java project and select Properties.

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Java Build Path SettingsYou can set Java Build Path settings within the New Java

project wizard or the Java project properties.- The compiler searches the locations listed in the Java Build Path for the

classes referenced by your application.

- The Java Build Path properties also allow you to specify the location for the compiled classes and default output .

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Workspace Settings in Java Preferences (1 of 2)

Modify the Java preferences to change settings for all of the Java resources in the workspace.- Appearance controls the appearance of Java

elements in workbench views. Type Filters removes Java packages from the Open

Type command, code assist, and quick fix.

- Build Path sets the default class build path for all Java projects.

- Code Style sets conventions for Java element names, spacing, and sort order.

- Compiler sets the JDK compliance level, and the severity of compilation problems. Task Tags set task indicators in Java comments, such

as the TODO tag.

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Workspace Settings in Java Preferences (2 of 2)

- Editor customizes the appearance and behavior of the Java editor.

- Installed JREs list the Java run times on which you can run your application.

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Checkpoint

1.Which view in the Java perspective allows you to see the relationship between a type, its supertypes, and its subtypes?

2.What is the advantage of using the Refactor Move feature, as opposed to moving a Java source file manually outside of Rational Application Developer?

3.In the Java Editor, what information is shown by the left and right status rulers (bars)?

4.Name two features that add the correct import statement in the Java Editor.

5.What are the types of problems and the associated icons in the Problems view?

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Checkpoint answers1.The Type Hierarchy view allows you to view the relationship

between a type and its super and subtypes. The UML visualization tools can also diagram the relationship between types.

2.The Refactor Move command verifies every reference to the resource within the workspace and updates all references. Moving the file outside of the workbench will not update these references.

3.In the Java editor, the left indicator bar displays the tasks and errors in the same scale as the lines within the editor. The right indicator bar displays the tasks and errors as well, but in scale with the entire file.

4.The Organize Imports command scans the current Java class and suggests an import statement to fix any classes. The Quick Fix feature also suggests an import statement for a class that the compiler cannot resolve.

5.Error (red circle, white cross), warning (yellow triangle, exclamation mark), Information (blue exclamation mark)

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Lab

Create Java Project, package and 2 classesProblems & TasksQuick fix & RunOther Java viewsCode/content assistJava Browsing perspectiveCreate Class diagramSource and Refactor optionsJava searchProject propertiesJava preferences

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