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Image log & dipmeterImage log & dipmeteranalysis courseanalysis course

Interpretation basics

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Boreholeimages

anddipmeters

15m

1cm

Core10000

100

1

0.01

3D seismic

0.01

1

100

10000

Fault throw (m)

Cumula

tivefa

ultden

sity

(faults

perkm

)

Walsh, Watterson&

Yielding1991

Scale of featuresScale of features

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Hole deviation

True dip

Apparentdip

Apparent and true dipApparent and true dip

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Vertical and deviated wellsVertical and deviated wells

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Fracture

Bedding

Plane

Vertical

Fracture

Bedding

Plane

45 Deviation

Bedding

Plane

Fracture

Horizontal

Bedding plane Fracture

Viewing perspectiveViewing perspective

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Local knowledge and calibrationLocal knowledge and calibration

Use local/regional

knowledge, core &

petrography

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Tadpole displaysTadpole displays

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Faultdamagezo

ne

Cumulativefracture density

Dip summary plotsDip summary plots

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Dip Tadpole plots 1:500

Image/core plots 1:5

Tadpole/image plots 1:20

Key interpretation displaysKey interpretation displays

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Key sedimentology plotsKey sedimentology plots

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Undifferentiated

Azimuthal histogramsAzimuthal histograms

Cross-beddingCross-bedding

ParallelParallel

laminationlamination

ScoursScours

Differentiated by surface type

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Dip sticks & seismic plotsDip sticks & seismic plots

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Faultdamagezone

Cumulativefracture density

Pores to seismicPores to seismic

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Turbidites

- shale bedding

- sandstone bedding

- bed boundary

- sand bed base

- scours

- slumps

- axial plane

Fluvial

- shale bedding

- cross-bedding

- parallel lamination

- erosion surface

- reactivation surface

- bounding surface

Fractures

- deformation band

- microfault

- fault

- joint

- (resistive/conductive?)

Fit-for-purpose classifications

Dip classification schemesDip classification schemes