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History of the Internet

John Ryan B. Lorca

Instructor I

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1960s

US Department of Defense began an

experiment to help scientists and researchers

from widely dispersed areas to work together

by sharing scarce and expensive computers

and their files

The goal required the creation of a set of

connected networks that would act as acoordinated whole

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Cold War

The even generated interest in a bombproof

network

That is if a part of the network were

destroyed, data would still travel toward its

destination with help from the surviving parts

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1969

The Department of Defense created ARPANET

(Advanced Research Projects Agenct Network)

to address the dilemma of how computer

networks dispersed over a large area are still

ensured proper connections even with major

breaks in data lines

The ARPANET began with only four (4)computers

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ARPANET Principles

Communication should occur directly betweentwo computers

There must be several routes of communicationbetween computers

Computers on the network (instead of thenetwork itself) would be responsible for knowingwhere to send data and then transmitting overwhatever route is available

Computers on the network would use the samerules, or protocols, when talking to each other(Host-to-Host Protocol)

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1972

Research began to develop a new protocol

that resulted to TCP/IP

By early 80s TCP/IP became the protocol of

the ARPANET

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OTHER PROTOCOLS

Other networks started appearing in the late70s and early 80s:

UUCP a network of Unix-based computers

USENETUsers Network CSNET Computer Science Network

BITNET

MILNET a DoD offshoot of ARPANET; the twonetworks were collectively called DARPANET (orthe Defense Advanced Research Project AgencyNetwork), now known to be the Internet

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Late 80s

The National Science Foundation created

NSFNET (red tape prevented NSF from using

the Internet) to link its five supercomputers so

their resource could be easily shared

NSFNET used the same TCP/IP employed by

the Internet, and relied on a series of regional

networks to connect the supercomputers

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1989

English computer scientist Timothy Berners-

Lee introduced the World Wide Web (WWW)

He initially designed the WWW to aid

communications between physicists working

in different parts of the world for the

European Laboratory for particle physics

As it grew, it revolutionized the uses of

Internet

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1990

Academic communities began using the

Internet due in large part to the scientific

communities with the ability of the WWW

revolutionized the uses of Internet

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1990

The NSFNET connected supercomputer sites

around the United States

It also connected computers at research sites

and schools that were near the

supercomputers.

Within 2 years, NSFNET had totally replaced

ARPANET

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Further Developments

US Senator Al Gore proposed widening thearchitecture of NSFNET to include more academicinstitutions

NSFNET was renamed NREN (National Researchand Educational Network)

The bill also allowed businesses to purchase partof the network for commercial uses

1992 restrictions were lessened on commercialsites, thus the Internet began the incrediblegrowth spurt that made it a household name

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