2. fire fighting equipments_systems
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Fire fighting equipments
and systems
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Fire extinguishers
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Different Kinds of Extinguishers
Four most common fire extinguishers:
Water type
Dry Powder type Foam type
Carbon Dioxide
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How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Its easy to remember how to use a fireextinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS:
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
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Pull the pin
This will allow you todischarge the extinguisher
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
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Aim at the base of the fire
Hit the fuel.If you aim at the flames...
the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
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Squeeze the top handle
This depresses a button that
releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
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Sweep from side to side
.. until the fire is completely out.
Start using the extinguisher froma safe distance away, then slowly
move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eyeon the area in case it re-ignites.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
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To fight a fire take up a position, where access a fire
is unrestricted, but quick and safe retreat is possible
A crouching posture minimize the effect of smokeand heat
Fire should not left smouldering
Fire brigade called at the earliest & alarm raised
If the fire shows sign of going out of control, it isbest not to use extinguisher
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
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Selection of extinguishers
Ease in handling
Method of operation
Operating angle of jet
Effective range
Shape of jet
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Water type extinguisherstypes
soda acid type: Aluminum sulphate+Sodium bicarbonate Co2
Gas pressure: Gas cartridge filled with Co2
Constant air pressure: Dry air as propellant
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Types of Fire Extinguishers
Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to
fight different classes of fire.
The 3 most common types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water (APW)
2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)
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Types of Fire Extinguishers
1.Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
Large silver fire extinguishersthat stand about 2 feet talland weigh about 25 pounds
when full.
APW stands for Air-Pressurized Water.
Filled with ordinary tap waterand pressurized air, they areessentially large squirt guns.
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APWs extinguish fireby taking away theheat element of theFire Triangle.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
1.Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
T f Fi E i i h
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APWs are designed for Class A firesonly: Wood, paper, cloth.
Using water on a flammable liquid fire could causethe fire to spread.
Using water on an electrical fire increases the riskof electrocution. If you have no choice but to usean APW on an electrical fire, make sure theelectrical equipment is un-plugged / de-energized.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
1.Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
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Water for Fire extinguishment
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Water type extinguishers
Water as cooling agent
Use on CLASS A fires
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Water
Merits Easy availability
Lowest in cost
Good extinguishing capabilities
Environmentally friendly
Limitations
Need large volumes
Lots of wastage
Collateral damage
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Water mist technology
Helps convert the limitations of water into an
ADVANTAGE
HOWEVER
Its CRITICAL that the water droplets are of the rightsize (100-150microns)
There is a constant flow of droplets of this size
The droplets are propelled at a high velocity into the
seat of the fire while operating at a low workingpressure
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The importance of droplets size
Small size droplets ( < 50 )
Optimal size droplets ( ~ 100 150 )
Large size droplets ( > 200 )
lets examine.
Water mist technology
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Small size droplets (< 50 )
Small size droplets cannotpenetrate the flame and areineffective
Water mist technology
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Large size droplets (> 200 )
Large size droplets mainly flyover the flame leaving a puddlebehind (90% wastage)
Water mist technology
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Optimal size droplets (~ 100 to 150 )
This forms a steam blanket thatsuffocates the flame andprevents the oxygen from
coming in
Water mist technology
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Importance of the optimal size droplets (~ 100 to 150 )
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Droplet size
Effectiven
ess
Water mist technology
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Carbon Dioxide
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Carbon Dioxide
CO2 is non combustiblegas, reduces O2 content
of gasCo2 is 1.5 times heavierthan air, directed withHard, plastic nozzle
Best for sophisticated
apparatusUse on CLASS B andCLASS C fires
2.Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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2.Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
CO2 cylinders are red.
They range in size from 5 lbs to 100 lbs or larger.
On larger sizes, the horn will be at the end of a long, flexiblehose.
The pressure in a CO2
extinguisher is so great,bits of dry ice may shootout of the horn!
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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Types of Fire Extinguishers
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CO2 fire extinguishers will frequently be found inlaboratories, mechanical rooms, kitchens and
flammable liquid storage areas.
In accordance with regulations (and manufacturersrecommendations), all CO2 extinguishers undergohydrostatic testing and recharge every 5 years.
CO2 fire extinguishers aredesigned for Class B and C firesonly! (Flammable Liquids and ElectricalSources)
Types of Fire Extinguishers
2.Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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A CO2 may be ineffective inextinguishing a Class A fire becauseit may not be able to displaceenough oxygen to successfully putthe fire out.
Class A materials may also smolderand re-ignite.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
2.Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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Construction
CO2 filled in the cylinder asliquied under pressure
Cylinder filled with charge toabout 2/3 weight
Fitted with discharge flexiblehose and operating valve
Types of Fire Extinguishers
2.Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
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Types of Fire Extinguishers
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3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
The powder also works to interrupt the chemicalreaction of fire. These extinguishers are veryeffective at putting out fire.
Dry chemicalextinguishers putout fire by coatingthe fuel with athin layer of dust.This separates thefuel from theoxygen in the air.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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Dry chemical type
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Gas cartridge filled with CO2
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
ABC fire extinguishers are filled with a fine yellow powder.
The greatest portion of this powder is composed ofmonoammonium phosphate. It could be of Borex, potesium
sulphate as dry powder also.
The extinguishers are pressurized with inert gas like nitrogenor CO2.
ABC extinguishers are red.On campus, they range insize from 5 to 20 lbs.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
You may see them labeled:
DC (for Dry Chemical)ABC (can be used on Class A, B, or C fires)BC (designed for use on Class B and C fires)
Dry chemical extinguishers
come in a variety of types
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
An ABC extinguisher will have a labellike this, indicating it may be used onClass A, B and C fires.
It is extremely important to identify which types ofdry chemical extinguishers are located in your area!
You dont want to mistakenly use a BC extinguisher on a ClassAfire thinking that it was an ABC extinguisher.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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Types of Fire Extinguishers
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Foam as smothering medium
For class-B fires
Aluminium sulphate + sodium bicorbanate FOAM
4. Foam type Fire Extinguishers
Types of Fire Extinguishers
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Precaution for using Fire Extinguishers
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Precaution for using Fire Extinguishers
Proper training
Upkeep/maintenance
To keep required type of extinguishers as per riskto be protected.
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Fire Hydrant System
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Fire Hydrant System
Automatic sprinkler system
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Automatic sprinkler systemUsed to tackle a fire in its early stagesDetects fire
Extinguish fireTransmit an alarmContains a device which, at a predeterminedrise in temp, causes the sprinkler to open
Water to be discharged in form of spray
Glass Bulb Type Sprinkler Head
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Glass Bulb Type Sprinkler Head
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Fire Detection & Annunciation System
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Fire Detection & Annunciation System
Detection System Ionization smoke detectors Optical smoke detectors Electro-pneumatic (rate of rise & fixed temperature heat)
type detectors
Thermocouple detectors for conveyors
Annunciation system Manual fire alarm call centre Local area hooters Audio-visual control panels Addressable analog panels
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Heat Detectors
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Point detector type
Line detector break link cable type
Sensing elements of metal strips, rods, wires or
coils are used which expand when heated
Fusible alloys or thermocouples can also be used
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Hose reel and hose cabinet
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Hose reel and hose cabinet
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Panel for automatic detection system
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Panel for automatic detection system
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Hydrant on a riser
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Hydrant on a riser
Use of Robot
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Use of Robot
Range of Robot in Use in Japan
Unmanned monitor nozzle vehicle
Remote control fire vehicle
Reconnaissance robot (for search)
The fire robot
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Fire robo
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Designed By Sh.P.K.Rao,
Dy. Director (Technical), U.P.Fire Service
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Other system and equipments
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