2 dynamics of translation

8/7/2019 2 Dynamics of Translation

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Camille PanaguitonLeana Karissa JizBryan Aspiracion


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Who is Isaac Newton?

Born January 4, 1643,Lincolnshire, England

Died M arch 31 , 1727(aged 84), Kensington,M iddlesex, England

Fieldsphysics, mathematics, astronomy, naturalphilosophy, alchemy, Christian theology


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What are his

contribution to Physics?


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3 Laws of Motion


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First Law of Motion:Law of Inertia

Every object in a state

of uniform motiontends to remain in thatstate of motion unlessan external force isapplied to it.


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What does this simply mean?

This means that there is a natural tendency of objects to keep on doing what they're doing.All objects resist changes in their state of motion. In the absence of an unbalanced force,an object in motion will maintain this state of motion.


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Equation

F1 = a 1F2 a 2

where F 1==first force ;F2==second force;a1==first acceleration;a2==second acceleration


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Everyday Application

Blood rushes from your head to your feet while quicklystopping when riding on a descending elevator.The head of a hammer can be tightened onto the woodenhandle by banging the bottom of the handle against a hardsurface.To dislodge ketchup from the bottom of a ketchup bottle, it isoften turned upside down and thrusted downward at high

speeds and then abruptly halted.Headrests are placed in cars to prevent whiplash injuriesduring rear-end collisions.


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S econd Law of Motion:Law of Acceleration

The acceleration of anobject as produced by a netforce is directly proportional

to the magnitude of the netforce, in the same directionas the net force, andinversely proportional to the

mass of the object.


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This means that heavier objects require moreforce to move the same distance as lighter

objects.


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Starting CarsReturning to the baseball ,when the bat makes

contact with the ball, the bat is exerting forceon the ball.


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T hird Law of Motion:Law of Interaction

For every action there is an equal

and opposite reaction.


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In every interaction, there is a pair of forcesacting on the two interacting objects. The sizeof the forces on the first object equals the sizeof the force on the second object. Thedirection of the force on the first objectis opposite to the direction of the force on the

second object. Forces always come in pairs -equal and opposite action-reaction force pairs.


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Any object that rests on any surfaceThe normal force that acts on the object

counteracts the pull of gravityWhen you sit in your chair, your body exerts adownward force on the chair and the chairexerts an upward force on your body.Rockets


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T he Uni versal Law of Gra vitation


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.

states that every massive particle in theuniverse attracts every other massive particlewith a force that is directly proportional to theproduct of their masses and inverselyproportional to the square of the distancebetween them.


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Gra vity

It's a force of attraction that exists betweenany two objects that have mass. The moremass they have, the greater the force of attraction. The closer they are, the greaterthe force of attraction.


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Equation

where m 1 == mass one

m 2 == mass twor ==radius of separation

between the center of masses of each object.

FG == force of attraction

between the two objects.

G is the universal gravitationalconstant. It is basically a conversionfactor to adjust the number and

units so they come out to thecorrect value. This is a universalconstant so it is true everywhere.


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Important Concepts

The direction of the force is not given by this formula sincethere are actually two forces equal in size but opposite indirection. This formula calculates them both.

The formula is an inverse square law for radius of separation (notice the r 2 on the bottom of theequation). This means that if you double the separationyou quarter the force, or if you cut the separation in half you quadruple the force of attraction.

If you double a single mass, you double the force. If youcut one of the masses in half, you cut the force in half. Butif you double both masses you would quadruple the force.


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Common Misconceptions"T here is no gravity in space. " FALS E If there were no gravity in space, thespace shuttle would not be able to orbit the Earth, the moon would notorbit the Earth, and the Earth would not orbit the Sun. The reason we tendto think of there being no gravity in space is that we have seen movies of the astronauts being " weightless " . They aren't actually weightless, they arestill being pulled down by gravity but they and the space shuttle are in aconstant state of freefall around the Earth. So they seem to be weightlessas a result of the falling - just as you would seem weightless if you were inan elevator when the cable broke.

"G and g are the same thing. " FALS E Big G is the universal gravitationalconstant. Little g is the acceleration due to the force of gravity and its valueof 9.8m/s/s down is only true on this planet. It is not a universal constant.

" g is gravity. " FALS E Little g is the effect of the force of gravity, but is notgravity. G ravity is a force, little g is an acceleration caused by gravity.


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