2) dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3) pharyngeal slits 4 ...kkardong/web of kvk_06b/courses...1...
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![Page 1: 2) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3) Pharyngeal slits 4 ...kkardong/Web of KVK_06b/COURSES...1 PROTOCHORDATES Hemichordates Chordates Cephalochordates Urochordates Vertebrates Protochordates](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061003/60b1fa5704375c1e5a735697/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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PROTOCHORDATES Hemichordates
Chordates
Cephalochordates
Urochordates
Vertebrates
Protochordates
1) Notochord
2) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
3) Pharyngeal slits
4) Postanal tail
5) other
Hemichordate—acorn worm
Ciliary Mucous Feeder
(=suspension feeder, filter feeder)
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Hemichordate—tornaria larva Hemichordate
Cephalochordate—amphioxus Cephalochordate—amphioxus
Cephalochordate—amphioxus
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Hemichordates
Cephalochordates—amphioxus
Hemichordates Cephalochordates
Tongue bar
Skeletal rods
Urochordate“sea squirts”
“tunicates”
Urochordate—larva
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Urochordate—larvaUrochordate—larva metamorphosis
Amphioxus related to vertebrates?
Ammocoetes larvae (Lamprey)
Amphioxus
Vertebrate—lamprey Lamprey larva—ammocoetes
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Lamprey larva—ammocoetes Origin of Chordate Body Plan
Origin of Chordate Body Plan
Hubrecht (1883)
Annelids
Arthropods
Patten & Gaskell
Annelid/arthropod
Vertebrate
Annelid Arthropod
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Echinoderms
Garstang
Larva Larva(Tornaria)
Pharyngeal slits
Embryology
Symmetry (bilateral)
Garstang’s MechanismSelective Advantages
If larva gets BIGGER,
Mode of Locomotion
1, 2, 4
1, 4, 16
1, 8, 64Mode of Feeding
Cilia
Segmental muscles, notochord
Adoral band Endostyle
Water Pharyngeal slits
But,
Larval stage
PaedomorphosisJuvenile + form
Paedomorphosis
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Garstang
Patterning
Dorsal
Ventral
Posterior Anterior
Chordates ! ?
Genes
Genes
Dorsal
Ventral
Genes
Genes
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Footnote
Paedomorphosis