2 a rhythm pitch
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2:Rhythm and
Pitch
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Key Terms (Rhythm andTempo)
compound meter
nonmetrical
syncopation
tempo
metronome marks tempo indications
fermata
rhythm
beat
accent
meter
measure (bar) bar lines
simple meter
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Rhythm
rhythm = general time aspect of
music, relationship between sounds
in time
a rhythm = arrangement of longer
and shorter sounds and silences
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Time Conceptsin Western Music
beat
regular background pulse
accent extra emphasis on a beat
regular, irregular, or no accents
meter regular, recurring pattern of accented and
unaccented (strong and weak) beats
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Simple Meters
duple meterONE two| ONE two| ONE two|
triple meter
ONE two three| ONE two three|
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Compound Meter
two or more beats per measure
quick, triple subdivision of beatsONE-and-a two-and-a| ONE-and-atwo-and-a|
Row, row, row your boat
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Rhythm vs. Meter
meter as background; rhythm as
foreground
meter the yardstick; rhythm the
object being measured
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Rhythm
can coincide with meter strongly
metrical
can play with meter syncopation
can contradict meter implying
the wrong meter or becomingnonmetrical
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Rhythm and Meter
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Syncopation
displaces accents
accents on weak beats
oneTWO | oneTWO | oneTWO
accents in between beats
oneAND twoAND | oneAND twoAND |
plays with meter Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
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Tempo
the speed of music
the rate at which beats follow one
another
metronome marks: exact
60 = 1 beat/sec. 120 = 2 beats/sec.
tempo indications: approximate;can express mood
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Common Tempo Indications
adagio slow
andante slow, but not too slow
moderato moderate
allegro fast
presto very fast
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Tempo Changes
accelerando gradually faster
ritardando gradually slower
pi lento slower
pi allegro faster
fermata hold of indefinite length
a tempo at the main tempo
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Key Terms (Pitch)
pitch
scale
interval
octave
diatonic scale
chromatic scale
flat
sharp
half step
whole step
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Aspects of Pitch
definite or indefinite
high or low
scale: a pool of definite pitches
interval: the distance between any
two notes
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Octave
eight span
higher note seems to duplicate
lower note
smooth blend of sound comes from
overtone series
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Step
usually the distance between
adjacent notes of a scale
suggests a ladder of discrete
pitches
scale steps:specific notes of ascale (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, do)
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Half Step (Semitone)
the smallest interval
the distance between two adjacent
notes of the chromatic scale
the distance between two adjacent
notes on the keyboard
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Whole Step
the most common interval in
diatonic scales
equals two consecutive half steps
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Scales
fixed collections of pitches used to
construct music
diatonic scales
chromatic scales
other scales (modern and worldmusic)
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Diatonic Scales
contain seven pitches
octave (eighth note of scale)
repeats the starting pitch contains 5 whole steps and 2 half
steps
examples: major scales, minorscales, church modes
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Diatonic Scale
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Chromatic Scale
contains 12 pitches
consists entirely of half steps
requires sharps or flats
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Chromatic Scale
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Sharps and Flats
flat lowers a note by a half step
sharp raises a note by a half step
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Diatonic vs. Chromatic
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Scales and Instruments
Western instruments are designed to
play scales
some can bend pitches
a little: flute, clarinet, saxophone, guitar
a lot: voice, trombone, violin, cello,timpani
musicians learn to play in tune
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Listening
chromatic scale?
diatonic scale?
Non-Western scales?