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Workshop on Renewable Energies

November 14-25, 2005

Nadi, Republic of the Fiji Islands

Module 2.2Module 2.2--33

WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGYWIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY

Turbine TechnologyTurbine Technology

Gerhard J. Gerdes

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Contents Module 2.2Contents Module 2.2--33

Wind Turbine Technologies

Mechanical differences

Control differences

Pacific Region Issues


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types of

wind

turbines

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Hub

Rotor

Shaft

Gearbox

Generator

Tower

Nacelle

Different wind turbine concepts


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Source: BWE

Functional elements of the driveFunctional elements of the drive

traintrain example 1example 1

Hub

Spinner

BearingsGear boxBreakGenerator

Machine frame Azimuth bearings Azimuth drive

Separate bearings for: Rotor + Rotor shaft

Gear boxGenerator

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Functional elements of the driveFunctional elements of the drivetraintrain example 2example 2

Source: DeWind D8, 2002

Combined bearings for: Rotor + Rotor shaft and Gear Box

Moment support(Elastomere)

Hub

Conical rotor shaft

Azimuth drive Machine frame

CoolerGenerator

Coupling

Gear BoxRotor main bearing


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Fixed speed wind turbine with stallFixed speed wind turbine with stall

rotorrotor

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Wind turbine with gear box

blades fixed (stall control)

Wind turbine

with

gear box

Pitch

controlled


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Pitch controlled turbine withPitch controlled turbine with

induction generatorinduction generator

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GearboxGearbox--less windless wind

turbine with multiturbine with multi--polepole

ring generatorring generator

1. Machine frame

2. Azimut drive

3. Generator stator

4. Generator rotor

5. Rotor blade adaptor

6. Axle pivot

7. Rotor blade

0.6 MW to 4.5MW

40 to 112m rotor

diameter

pitch control,

variable rotor

speed


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TurbineTurbine withwith reducedreduced speedspeed

Multibrid turbine 5 MW

116m rotor

diameter

290 to weight

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Issues for specific design criteria for windIssues for specific design criteria for windturbines in the Pacific Regionturbines in the Pacific Region

Anti-corrosion and turbine cooling

example: Fortalezza, Brazil

Survival speed

option: laying down of the wind turbine, e.g. Vernier,

Aero Smart (SMA), Bergery?, Atlantic Orient?

Lattice or tubular tower less thrust?

but higher danger of corrosion?


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Survival speedSurvival speed m/sm/s

Standard Criteria Class I Class II Class III Class IV

GL Average wind speed Max. 10,0 m/s Max. 8,5 m/s Max. 7,5 m/s Max. 6,0 m/s

Max. 5 Sec. gust 65,1 m/s 55,3 m/s 48,8 m/s 39,1 m/s

Max. 10 Min gust 46,5 m/s 39,5 m/s 34,9 m/s 29,9 m/s

IEC Average wind speed Max. 11,0 m/s Max. 8,5 m/s Max. 7,5 m/s Max. 6,0 m/s

50 yearly gust 70,0 m/s 59,5 m/s 52,5 m/s 42,0 m/s

50 yearly wind 50,0 m/s 42,5 m/s 42,5 m/s 30,0 m/s

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Survival speedSurvival speed -- mphmph

Standard Criteria Class I Class II Class III Class IV

GL Average wind speed Max. 22,4 mph Max. 19,0 mph Max. 16,8 mph Max. 13,4 mph

Max. 5 Sec. gust 145,6 mph 123,7 mph 109,2 mph 87,5 mph

Max. 10 Min gust 104,0 mph 88,4 mph 78,1 mph 66,9 mph

IEC Average wind speed Max. 24,6 mph Max. 19,0 mph Max. 16,8 mph Max. 13,4 mph

50 yearly gust 156,6 mph 133,1 mph 117,4 mph 94,0 mph

50 yearly wind 111,8 mph 95,1 mph 95,1 mph 67,1 mph

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