1_what is cobol

8/14/2019 1_What is Cobol

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What is COBOL

Authors:

Deepali Kayande

Anuja Jadhav


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Sample Cobol ProgramIDENTIFICATION DIVISION.

PROGRAM-ID. Multiplier.

AUTHOR. Abc.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.

INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.

DATA DIVISION.

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.

01 Num1 PIC 9 VALUE ZEROS.

01 Num2 PIC 9 VALUE ZEROS.

01 Result PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.

DISPLAY "Enter first number (1 digit) : " WITH NO ADVANCING.

ACCEPT Num1.

DISPLAY "Enter second number (1 digit) : " WITH NO ADVANCING.

ACCEPT Num2.

MULTIPLY Num1 BY Num2 GIVING Result.

DISPLAY "Result is = ", Result.

STOP RUN.


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Flow of Cobol Program

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.

DATA DIVISION.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.


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Comparison With Cmain()

{int i,j,k;printf(Enter a number);scanf(%d, &i);printf(Enter a number);scanf(%d, &j);

k=i*j;printf(%d ,k);}

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.

PROGRAM-ID. Multiplier.AUTHOR. Abc.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.

DATA DIVISION.WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.

01 Num1 PIC 9 VALUE ZEROS.01 Num2 PIC 9 VALUE ZEROS.01 Result PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.

DISPLAY "Enter first number (1 digit) :" WITH NO ADVANCING.ACCEPT Num1.

DISPLAY "Enter second number(1digit) : WITH NO ADVANCING.ACCEPT Num2.MULTIPLY Num1 BY Num2 GIVING Result.DISPLAY "Result is = ", Result.STOP RUN.


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Cobol Program

IDENTIFICATIO

N DIVISION.

ENVIRONMENT

DIVISION.DATA DIVISION

PROCEDURE

DIVISION.

FILE

SECTION

WORKING-

STORAGE

SECTION

INPUT-

OUTPUT

SECTION

CONFIGURA

TION

SECTION

Para-1.


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What is Cobol

FORMAT FOR COBOL


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FORMAT FOR COBOLPROGRAMS

Column

Field

1-3 Page Number

4-6 Line Number (1-6 Sequence Number)

7 Continuation / Comment

8-11

A Margin / Area A

12-72 B- Margin /Area B

73-80 Identification


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STRUCTURE OF A COBOLPROGRAM

Every COBOL program must have the following Four divisions

in the order in which they are specified below.

1. Identification division

2. Environment Division

3. Data Division

4. Procedure Division


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Identification division In the Identification division the

details about the author, date of

writing the program etc

Will be specified.Environment Division In the Environment division, the details

about the computer environment under

which

the program was written and compiled

etc will be notified.

Data Division In the Data division, the variables that

are used by the program will be defined

and it is

an important division for the program.Procedure Division In the procedure division, all the

programming statements (Executable

Cobol statements) will be written and it

is the most important division.


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CHARACTER SET

0-9 10 numerals

A-Z 26 English alphabets-only capitalletters

minus sign or hyphen

+ Plus sign

* Asterisk

/ Slash

0= Equal sign

$ Currency sign

, , ; Comma, Semi colon

Greater than symbol, Less than symbol

. Period or decimal point

Quotation mark

( ,) Left Parenthesis, Right Parenthesis


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A COBOL word can be formed using the following characters:

0-9,A-Z (a-z), - (hyphen)

Rules for Creating Cobol words

a) A word cannot begin or end with a hyphen.

b) A word can have at the maximum 30 characters.

c) One of the characters must be a letter. Some compilers put the additionalrestrictions that the first character must be a letter.

d) Except hyphen (-) no special character allowed.


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LITERALS

literal is the specific value which remains

unchanged throughout the execution of the

program.There are 3 types of literals

a) numeric

b) nonnumeric

c) figurative constants


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(a) Numeric

A numeric literal can be formed with the help of digits only

Examples(i) Valid Numeric Literal (ii) Invalid Numeric

Literals

.123 123(valid asnonnumeric literal but

invalid as numericliteral)

12.5 - 23 (there is a blankspace between the

sign and the first digit 2)


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(b) Nonnumeric

A nonnumeric literal is used in general to output messages orheadings. Characters that are enclosed between constitute nonnumeric literal.

Ex:- BHARATHIARBHARATHIARDATA DIVISIONDATA DIVISION

100.50100.50

HOUR/RATEHOUR/RATE


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c) Figurative Constants

ZERO ZEROS ZEROESvalue 0

SPACE SPACES

One or more blanks

HIGH-VALUE HIGH-VALUES Highest value in the

Collating sequence

LOW-VALUE LOW-VALUES

Collating sequence

Lowest value in the

QUOTE QUOTES

one or more of

ALL literal

One or more of the string Characters

comprising the literal

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