1.What Factors motivated Northern Men to join the regiments? 2.Why did Robert E. Lee decide to resign from the U.S. Army? Why was this significant? 3.Were Northern Generals effective in training soldiers? 4.How did Lincoln break the Constitution? civil liberties Suspended civil liberties or parts of the Constitution writ of habeas corpus: Protects from unfair arrest and trial by jury. Occupation of Baltimore: Controlled by military---- martial law Arrested over 15,000 civilians: Without probable cause---suspicious Rebel sympathizers. Closed rebel newspapers: Violated 1 st amendment rights of free speech and press Chief Justice Roger Taney opposed but Lincoln ignored the decision Ignored legislative process Lincoln declared blockade of South without congressional approval Increased size of Federal Army and navy w/o congressional approval Extended volunteer enlistment to 3 years w/o approval Emancipation proclamation was technically not approved either First Income Tax (3% of all income over $600) Paid for 2/3 of the war Greenbacks 1 st paper money Western Theater Eastern Theater DATEBATTLEVICTOR RESULT July 1861Bull RunSouthUnion retreats to Wash. D.C. Manasses June DaysSouthLee stops McClellan from taking Richmond August 1862Bull RunSouthLee stops John Pope from taking Richmond *Sept. 1862AntietamDrawMcCellan stops Lee from taking Washington, D.C. Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation Antietam September 17, 1862 Also known as battle of Sharpsburg Robert E. Lee, confident after a string of confederate victories, invades the North in an attempt to gain foreign support Bloodiest single day in history of Western Hemisphere- 23,000 casualties Ended in a military stalemate After Lee withdrew to Virginia, McClellan refused to pursue his army Enraged, Lincoln relieved McClellan from duty for a 2 nd time Antietam Although a military stalemate, it was a moral victory for the north South is finally stopped and not invincible South would never really be this close to victory again No foreign intervention after this Lee lost of his army Considered by many historians today to be the turning point in the war (not Gettysburg or Vicksburg) In light of this victory, Lincoln seized the opportunity to present the Emancipation Proclamation rebel states*Effective on Jan. 1, 1863, Lincoln announced slaves would be free in rebel states Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in US 13th Amendment13th Amendment on Dec legally and constitutionally abolish slavery. *War was NOW fought to end slavery *Did not apply to slaves in border states fighting for US BUT Increase in military deserters from the border states Northern abolitionists upset he had not gone far enough *War was NOW fought to end slavery *Did not apply to slaves in border states fighting for US BUT Increase in military deserters from the border states Northern abolitionists upset he had not gone far enough Kept Great Britain from siding with the South Why didn t Europe join? In 1861, Britain had a surplus of cotton By the time they needed cotton again, Lincoln had issued Emancipation Proclamation- gave North the moral high ground Working classes of Britain and France opposed slavery and supported North As Union armies captured South- they sold confiscated cotton to Europe North shipped huge amounts of grain to Europe, which was needed to feed population England was making a fortune selling war materials to both sides Over 200,000 freed slaves fought for the US.. Famous 54th Black Regiment of Massachusetts which was organized by Frederick Douglass.. Over 200,000 freed slaves fought for the US.. Famous 54th Black Regiment of Massachusetts which was organized by Frederick Douglass.. African Americans in Civil War Union Strategy Control river systems and split the Confederacy in half and isolate the 3 sections. Union Leaders: General Ulysses S. Grant Union Army: Army of the West Confederate Strategy Fight a defensive war and drive Union out of South Confederate Leader: Several different generals Confederate Army: Army of Tennessee USA General Ulysses S. Grant DATEBATTLEVICTORRESULT Feb. 1862Fort DonelsonUnionControlled the Ohio River March 1862Fort HenryUnionControlled Cumberland River April 1862ShilohUnionControlled Tennessee River April 1862New OrleansUnionControlled mouth of Mississippi *July 1863Vicksburg UnionControlled Mississippi River * split Confederacy in half *Turning Point Battle *Turning Point Battle or Ending Battle In the West, Union had been having success taking the Mississippi Only Vicksburg remained as the last Confederate stronghold Ulysses S. Grants forces lay siege to the city for months, reducing the population to starvation July 4, 1863, beleaguered citizens and confederate forces surrender 30,000 Confederate troops defending Vicksburg surrendered their arms. Grant captured 260 cannons, 60,000 weapons, and more than 2 million rounds of ammunition. Former slaves celebrated Independence Day for the first time. 4 days later, the Mississippi River was in the hands of the Union army, effectively cutting the Confederacy in two. Defeat ended the majority of fighting in the West DATEBATTLEVICTORRESULT Dec. 1862FredericksburgSouthLee stops Burnside from taking Richmond Jan. 1863Chancellorsville SouthLee stops Joe Hooker from taking Richmond *July 1863GettysburgNorthGeorge Meade stops Lee from moving into Washington, D.C. *Turning point battle After more successes at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Lee invades the North again- this time Pennsylvania Gettysburg, Pennsylvania- July 1-3, 1863 Lee now hoping for Northern weariness of war to escalate and Lincoln to sue for peace Still holding out hope for foreign support as well Vicksburg/Gettysburg The High Tide of the Confederacy. Souths last chance to capture Washington, D.C. Battle is widely considered to be the turning point The High Tide of the Confederacy. Souths last chance to capture Washington, D.C. Battle is widely considered to be the turning point General Lee orders a frontal assault on Union lines to break through, surround and destroy the North. General George Pickett Lee is soundly defeated and although the war would last for almost 2 more years, the South would not win another major battle Gettysburg Casualties Bloodiest battle of the war (51,000 casualties) Lees retreat at Gettysburg on July 3 rd and Grants defeat of the South at Vicksburg on July 4 th would lead to the eventual surrender of the South by 1865. On November 19, 1863, some 15,000 people gathered at Gettysburg to honor the Union soldiers who had died President Lincoln delivered a two-minute speech which became known as the Gettysburg Address. He reminded people that the Civil War was being fought to preserve a country that upheld the principles of freedom, equality, and self-government. The Gettysburg Address has become one of the best-loved and most-quoted speeches in the English language. It expresses grief at the terrible cost of war and the importance of preserving the Union. **Make Sure you research and read the Gettysburg Address (its a short document)**