1. The function of the notochord is to

a. Form the placenta in placental mammals

b. Form the vertebrae in higher chordates

c. Form the central nervous system in higher chordates

d. Form the umbilical cord in placental mammals

e. Provide body support in lower chordates

ANSWER: e

2. Which of the following organisms would most likely be located at the bottom of a pyramid of biomass?

a. Squid

b. Crustaceans

c. Seal

d. Diatoms

e. Sharks

ANSWER: d

3. Which of the following carries the code that determines the sequence of monomers in a protein?

a. rRNA

b. tRNA

c. mRNA

d. The large ribosome subunit

e. DNA polymerase

ANSWER: c

4. All of the following can be found in plasma membranes of eukaryotes EXCEPT:

a. Cellulose

b. Phospholipids

c. Oligosaccharides

d. Proteins

e. Cholesterol molecules

ANSWER: a

5. Turner syndrome occurs in humans whose cells are missing the Y chromosome. All of the following are true about Turner syndrome EXCEPT:

a. A turner syndrome zygote results when a sperm missing a Y chromosome fertilizes a normal egg

b. A turner syndrome zygote results when a normal sperm bearing an X chromosome fertilizes an egg missing an X chromosome

c. During meiosis, nondisjunction occurs to produce one of the gametes used to form the Turner syndrome zygote

d. Barr bodies form in the nuclei of turner syndrome individuals

e. The zygote has 45 chromosomes

ANSWER: d

6. All of the following substances pass out of the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule EXCEPT:

a. Proteins

b. Glucose

c. Water

d. Urea

e. Salts

ANSWER: a

7. A severe storm forms a new river that divides a population of mice. After 500 years, a drought causes the river to dry up, allowing the two populations of mice to mix. Mating between the mice from the two populations does not yield any offspring. This is an example of

a. Hybridization

b. Adaptive radiation

c. Balanced polymorphism

d. Sympatric speciation

e. Allopatric speciation

ANSWER: e

8. A bacteriophage is a

a. Bacterium that attacks viruses

b. Virus that attacks bacteria

c. Bacterium that attacks eukaryotic cells

d. Parasitic bacterium

e. Parasitic eukaryotic cell

ANSWER: b

9. Which of the following cellular bodies contain enzymes for breaking down macromolecules?

a. Desmosomes

b. Lysosomes

c. Nucleosomes

d. Peroxisomes

e. Ribosomes

ANSWER: b

10.A young gosling follows its mother soon after birth. If a human raises the gosling from birth, the young gosling follows the human. If no animate object is nearby at birth, the gosling fails to follow its mother or a human if either are introduced several days after birth. This behavior can best be described as

a. Insight

b. Associative learning

c. Imprinting

d. Fixed action pattern

e. Trial-and-error learning

ANSWER: c

11.In most flowering plants, photosynthesis occurs in leaves primarily in

a. Cells of the spongy mesophyll

b. Cells of the palisades mesophyll

c. Epidermal cells

d. Cells of the vascular tissue

e. Bundle sheath cells

ANSWER: b

12. In peas, a dominant allele ( R ) produces a round pea shape, while a recessive allele ( r ) produces a wrinkle shape. At a second locus on a different chromosome, a dominant allele ( Y ) produces yellow-colored seeds, while a recessive allele ( y ) produces green-colored seeds. If a cross between the two pea plants produces ¼ wrinkled seeds and ½ yellow seeds, which of the following represents the parental genotypes?

a. RRYY x rryy

b. RrYy x rryy

c. RrYy x Rryy

d. RrYy x RrYy

e. Rryy x Rryy

ANSWER: c

13. Two sympatric species of pine trees release their pollen during different months. This is an example of

a. Habitat isolation

b. Temporal isolation

c. Behavioral isolation

d. Mechanical isolation

e. Geographic isolation

ANSWER: b

14. Kangaroo rats live in desert habitats. Which of the following physiological or behavioral adaptations increases their survival in this hot and dry environment?

a. Frequent drinking

b. Frequent urination

c. Nephrons with long loops of Henley

d. Numerous sweat glands in their skin

e. Diurnal activity

ANSWER: c

15. The size of a population of mice on an isolated island has remained constant for 50 years. What is the average number of offspring that each breeding pair produce during their lifetime that survive to reproductive maturity and reproduce?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. 10 to 20

e. More than 20

ANSWER: c

16. The frequency of individuals better able to survive in a new habitat increases in a population over time. The best explanation for this is

a. Mutation

b. Natural selection

c. Genetic drift

d. Gene flow

e. The founder effect

ANSWER: b

17. Which of the following is produced by the corpus luteum?

a. Progesterone and estrogen

b. Progesterone and FSH

c. FSH and LH

d. Estrogen and LH

e. Progesterone and gonadotropin releasing hormone

ANSWER: a

18. An experiment to replicate the production of organic molecules in an environment similar to Earth’s environment before life appeared would require all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Ammonia gas

b. Carbon dioxide gas

c. Oxygen gas

d. Ultraviolet light

e. Water vapor

ANSWER: c

19. If A represents a dominant allele and a represents the recessive allele, what are the genotypes of parents that produce 300 progeny with the dominant trait and 100 progeny with the recessive trait?

a. AA x AA

b. AA x Aa

c. AA x aa

d. Aa x aa

e. Aa x Aa

ANSWER: e

20. All of the following are effective in lowering body temperature in mammals EXCEPT:

a. Large ears

b. Sweating

c. Panting

d. Decreased muscular activity

e. Decreased blood flow to extremities

ANSWER: e

21. A function of the allantois is to

a. Form the amniotic cavity

b. Fuse with the endometrium and form the placenta

c. Develop into the nervous system

d. Store food for use by the developing embryo

e. Store or dispose of waste from the developing embryo

ANSWER: e

22. A man and a woman have blood types A and B, respectively. Both have one parent with O blood type. What is the probability that the man and woman have a child with O blood type?

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 75%

e. 100%

ANSWER: b

Cellulose; Glycogen; Glucagon; Guanine; Phospholipid

• 23. A hormone involved in the maintenance of blood sugar levels

• 24. A nitrogen base found in DNA

• 25. A molecule found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotes

• 26. Stored in the liver, and converted to glucose when needed

Genetic drift; Coevolution; Kin selection; Sexual selection

27. In an ant colony, sterile sisters are workers who maintain the next and provide care for their reproducing mother, the queen.

28. A devastating blizzard dramatically reduces the size of a population and results in the disappearance of several alleles from the gene pool

29. In many animal species, sexual dimorphism is apparent

Glucagon

Guanine

Phospholipid

Glycogen

Kin selection

Genetic drift

Sexual selection

2; 4; 8; 16; 32

30. How many chromosomes would be present in a cell at anaphase of mitosis?

31. How many chromosomes would be present in each daughter cell at the end of telophase II of meiosis?

The following questions refer to a cell with a diploid chromosome number of 8.

16

4

Angiosperms; Ferns; Green Algae; Gymnosperms; Mosses

32. The development of seeds is not protected inside an ovary.

33. The gametophyte generation is the dominant stage of the life cycle, and the sporophyte generation remains attached to the gametophyte

34. Sori attach to the backs of fronds and form reproductive spores

Gymnosperms

Mosses

Ferns

35. Long, cold, moist winters and short summers are typical of this biome dominated by gymnosperms.

a. Deciduous forest

b. Tropical rainforest

c. Desert

d. Tundra

e. Taiga

ANSWER: e

36. A couple has 5 children, all sons. If the woman gives birth to a sixth child, what is the probability that the sixth child will be a son?

a. 5/6

b. 1/2

c. 1/5

d. 1/6

e. 1/64

ANSWER: b

37. All of the following are true about Earth’s ozone layer EXCEPT:

a. It shields Earth from most ultraviolet radiation

b. It is composed of O3

c. Its thickness has remained constant over time

d. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) molecules can destroy ozone molecules

e. It is predicted that a reduction of this layer will result in an increase in human skin cancer

ANSWER: c

38. A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell because

a. Ribosomes are visible

b. An endoplasmic reticulum can be seen

c. A cell membrane is present

d. It has a large central vacuole

e. Centrioles are present

ANSWER: d

39. The condition in which there are barriers to successful interbreeding between individuals of different species in the same community is referred to as

a. Latent variations

b. Sterility

c. Structural differences

d. Geographic isolation

e. Reproductive isolation

ANSWER: e

40. Which of the following best describes the parents in a testcross?

a. One individual has the dominant phenotype and the other has the recessive phenotype

b. Both individuals are heterozygous

c. Both individuals have the dominant phenotype

d. Both individuals have the recessive phenotype

e. Both individuals have an unknown phenotype

ANSWER: a

41. Members of which of the following are the major primary producers in the marine ecosystem?

a. Yeasts

b. Sponges

c. Sporozoans

d. Fishes

e. Phytoplankton

ANSWER: e

A + B + energy AB

42. Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented above?

a. Hydrolysis

b. Catabolism

c. Oxidation-reduction

d. Exergonic reaction

e. Endergonic reaction

ANSWER: e

43. Membranes are components of all of the following EXCEPT a

a. Nucleus

b. Microtubule

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Mitochondrion

e. Lysosome

ANSWER: b

44. In animals, all of the following are associated with embryonic development EXCEPT

a. Migration of cells to specific areas

b. Formation of germ layers

c. Activation of all the genes in each cell

d. Inductive tissue interactions

e. Cell division at a relatively rapid rate

ANSWER: c

45. Which of the following groups contains prokaryotic organisms capable of surviving the greatest extremes in temperature or salt concentration?

a. Protista

b. Archaebacteria

c. Plantae

d. Fungi

e. Viruses

ANSWER: b

46. Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in the release epinephrine (adrenaline) from the adrenal glands?

a. Competing in an athletic event

b. Going out on a first date

c. Falling asleep during a lecture

d. Swimming in a very cold pool

e. Taking a test while unprepared

ANSWER: c

47. Phototropism is the perceived movement of plants in response to a light source. Plant stems bend toward a light source as a result of increased

a. Chlorophyll synthesis on the side of the stem near the light source

b. Cell division on the side of the stem near the light source

c. Cell division on the side of the stem away from the light source

d. Cell elongation on the side of the stem near the light source

e. Cell elongation on the side of the stem away from the light source

ANSWER: e

48. The driving force for movement of materials in the phloem of plants is

a. Gravity

b. A difference in osmotic potential between the source and the sink

c. Root pressure

d. Transpiration of water through the stomates

e. Adhesion of water to vessel elements

ANSWER: b

49. Which of the following characterizes glomerular filtrate, the fluid that passes from the blood in the glomerulus into the tubule of the nephron?

a. It is clear in appearance and contains no glucose

b. It is a concentrated solution of waste products

c. It is identical to blood plasma

d. It is blood plasma that lacks most proteins

e. It is whole blood

ANSWER: d

50. On a sunny day, the closing of stomata in plant leaves results in

a. A decrease in CO2 intake

b. A shift from C3 photosynthesis to C4 photosynthesis

c. An increase in transpiration

d. An increase in the concentration of CO2 in mesophyll cells

e. an increase in the rate of production of starch

ANSWER: a