1.tener goodwin,disaster nursing and emergency ... · web viewcolour code systems are using for...
TRANSCRIPT
1
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT
FOR DISSERTATION SUBMITTED BY
Mrs Saumyavs 1st yr M Sc (Nursing)
Paediatric Nursing
2011-2013 BATCH
Sarvodaya College Of Nursing
Bangalore
2
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND
ADDRESS
Mrs SAUMYAVS1st Year M Sc NursingSarvodaya college of nursing 112Magadi Main RoadAgrahara DasarahalliBangalore560079
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Sarvodaya College Of NursingBangalore
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 1st Year M Sc Nursing Paediatric Nursing
4 DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE COURSE 15102011
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC ldquoA Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Awareness programme on Disaster preparedness Among students in selected school of Bangalorersquorsquo
6 BRIEF RESUME OF THE WORK60 INTRODUCTION 61 NEED FOR THE STUDY62 REVIEW OF LITERATURE621 STATEMENT OF THE STUDY63 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 631 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS632 ASSUMPTION633 HYPOTHESIS634 SAMPLING CRITERIA
EnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosed
7 MATERIALS AND METHODS71 Sources of data Data will be collected from High school children72 Method of data collection Survey approach73 If Does the study require any investigations of interventions to be conducted on
the patients or other human being or animals -NO
74 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution YES the Ethical Clearance has been enclosed
1
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
2
KARNATAKA BANGALORE
PROFORMAFOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
ampADDRESS
Mrs SAUMYA VS
MscNursing (1st year) Sarvodaya College of Nursing 112 Agrahara Dasarahalli near Raheja Apartments Magadi road Bangalore-560079
2 NAME OF THEINSTITUTION Sarvodaya College Of Nursing Bangalore- 560044
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND
SUBJECT
1st Year Msc nursing
Paediatric Health Nursing
4 DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE
COURSE
15102011
5 TITLE OF THE STUDY ldquoA STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF BANGALORErdquo
INTRODUCTION
3
lsquorsquo A STICH IN TIME SAVES NINErsquorsquo
Disaster means an occurance causing widespread destruction and distress The root of the word
disaster [lsquorsquobar star rsquorsquoin Greek] comes from an astrological theme in which the ancients used to refer to
the destruction or deconstruction of a star as a disaster1 [D-Destruction I-Incidents S-Suffering A-
Adminisrative S-Sentiments T-Tragedies E-Eruption of communicable diseases R-Research
programme and its implementation] 1a)
Disaster is a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage loss and destruction and devastation to
life and property The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical
location climate and the type of the earth surfacedegree of vulnerability This influences the mental
socio-economic political and cultural state of the affected area2
Disaster completely disrupts the normal day to day life negatively influences the emergency
systems normal needs and processes like food shelter health etc are affected and deteriorate
depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster It may also be termed as ldquoa serious disruption
of the functioning of society causing widespread human material or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resourcesrdquoThus a disaster may have
the following main features - Unpredictability Unfamiliarity Speed Urgency Uncertainty and
Threat3
Disaster are of two types natural and manmade based on devastation Natural disasters are
earthquakes floods and flash floods hurricanes tornadoes thunder storms snow ice and winter
storms heat wave and drought landslides and mud flows tsunami and other tidal action volcanoes
wild fires etc manmade disasters are nuclear and radiological accidents home and building fires
4
hazardous materials accidents terrorism aviation accidents ship and maritime accidents train and
rail road accidents civil unrest bridge and other structural collapses dam break etchellip4
India over 40 million hectares are prone to floods nearly 3 lakh sqKM are at risk of cyclones the
earth quake in Bhuj killed 14000 people cyclones in Orissa took away 10000 lives between 1990
and 2000 an average of about 3400 people lost their lives annually about 3 crore people were
affected by disasters every year about 17000 people perished by the tsunami on 26 Dec20045
In 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakes was an undersea earthquake with an epicenter off the west coast of
Sumatra Indonesia The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra- Andaman
earthquake The resulting tsunami is given various names including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
South Asian tsunami and Indonesian tsunami6
The rapid growth of the worldrsquos population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters With the tropical
climate and unstable land forms coupled with deforestation unplanned growth proliferation non
engineered constructions which make the disaster prone areas more vulnerable tardy communication
poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention developing countries suffer more or less
chronically by natural disasters7
So disaster preparedness forms an integral part of the national system responsible for developing
plans programmes for disaster management prevention mitigation preparedness response
rehabilitation and reconstruction8
The entire strategic management process is divided into four fields to aid in identification of the
processes The four fields normally deal with risk reduction preparing resources to respond to the
hazard responding to the actual damage caused by the hazard and limiting further damage
5
(eg emergency evacuation quarantine mass decontamination) and returning as close as possible
to the state before the hazard incident The field occurs in both the public and private sector sharing
the same processes but with different focuses9
Emergency Management is a strategic process and not a tactical process thus it usually resides at the
Executive level in an organization It normally has no direct power but serves as an advisory or
common goal Effective Emergency Management relies on a thorough integration of emergency plans
at all levels of the organization and an understanding that the lowest levels of the organization are
responsible for managing the emergency and getting additional resources and assistance from the
upper levels10
NEED FOR THE STUDY
1 India is the highly disaster prone country in Asian pacific region floods cyclones
draught earth quakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time major accidents
happen in railways and factories causing extensive damage to human life and property11
2 Northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms landslides and Earthquakes The
eastern costal areas are prone to severe floods and cyclones [Andra Pradesh West Bengal
and Orissa] Bihar Assam Uttar Pradesh gets major floods almost every year Western
desert areas are prone to draught12
3 Public system can obtain information in the event of an actual disaster situation early
warning system alerts the public about immediate danger and help to reduce the impact
Colour code systems are using for disaster emergency[Red-most urgent Yellow-urgent
Green-third priority Black-dead]13
6
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
2
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND
ADDRESS
Mrs SAUMYAVS1st Year M Sc NursingSarvodaya college of nursing 112Magadi Main RoadAgrahara DasarahalliBangalore560079
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Sarvodaya College Of NursingBangalore
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 1st Year M Sc Nursing Paediatric Nursing
4 DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE COURSE 15102011
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC ldquoA Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Awareness programme on Disaster preparedness Among students in selected school of Bangalorersquorsquo
6 BRIEF RESUME OF THE WORK60 INTRODUCTION 61 NEED FOR THE STUDY62 REVIEW OF LITERATURE621 STATEMENT OF THE STUDY63 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 631 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS632 ASSUMPTION633 HYPOTHESIS634 SAMPLING CRITERIA
EnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosed
7 MATERIALS AND METHODS71 Sources of data Data will be collected from High school children72 Method of data collection Survey approach73 If Does the study require any investigations of interventions to be conducted on
the patients or other human being or animals -NO
74 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution YES the Ethical Clearance has been enclosed
1
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
2
KARNATAKA BANGALORE
PROFORMAFOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
ampADDRESS
Mrs SAUMYA VS
MscNursing (1st year) Sarvodaya College of Nursing 112 Agrahara Dasarahalli near Raheja Apartments Magadi road Bangalore-560079
2 NAME OF THEINSTITUTION Sarvodaya College Of Nursing Bangalore- 560044
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND
SUBJECT
1st Year Msc nursing
Paediatric Health Nursing
4 DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE
COURSE
15102011
5 TITLE OF THE STUDY ldquoA STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF BANGALORErdquo
INTRODUCTION
3
lsquorsquo A STICH IN TIME SAVES NINErsquorsquo
Disaster means an occurance causing widespread destruction and distress The root of the word
disaster [lsquorsquobar star rsquorsquoin Greek] comes from an astrological theme in which the ancients used to refer to
the destruction or deconstruction of a star as a disaster1 [D-Destruction I-Incidents S-Suffering A-
Adminisrative S-Sentiments T-Tragedies E-Eruption of communicable diseases R-Research
programme and its implementation] 1a)
Disaster is a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage loss and destruction and devastation to
life and property The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical
location climate and the type of the earth surfacedegree of vulnerability This influences the mental
socio-economic political and cultural state of the affected area2
Disaster completely disrupts the normal day to day life negatively influences the emergency
systems normal needs and processes like food shelter health etc are affected and deteriorate
depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster It may also be termed as ldquoa serious disruption
of the functioning of society causing widespread human material or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resourcesrdquoThus a disaster may have
the following main features - Unpredictability Unfamiliarity Speed Urgency Uncertainty and
Threat3
Disaster are of two types natural and manmade based on devastation Natural disasters are
earthquakes floods and flash floods hurricanes tornadoes thunder storms snow ice and winter
storms heat wave and drought landslides and mud flows tsunami and other tidal action volcanoes
wild fires etc manmade disasters are nuclear and radiological accidents home and building fires
4
hazardous materials accidents terrorism aviation accidents ship and maritime accidents train and
rail road accidents civil unrest bridge and other structural collapses dam break etchellip4
India over 40 million hectares are prone to floods nearly 3 lakh sqKM are at risk of cyclones the
earth quake in Bhuj killed 14000 people cyclones in Orissa took away 10000 lives between 1990
and 2000 an average of about 3400 people lost their lives annually about 3 crore people were
affected by disasters every year about 17000 people perished by the tsunami on 26 Dec20045
In 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakes was an undersea earthquake with an epicenter off the west coast of
Sumatra Indonesia The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra- Andaman
earthquake The resulting tsunami is given various names including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
South Asian tsunami and Indonesian tsunami6
The rapid growth of the worldrsquos population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters With the tropical
climate and unstable land forms coupled with deforestation unplanned growth proliferation non
engineered constructions which make the disaster prone areas more vulnerable tardy communication
poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention developing countries suffer more or less
chronically by natural disasters7
So disaster preparedness forms an integral part of the national system responsible for developing
plans programmes for disaster management prevention mitigation preparedness response
rehabilitation and reconstruction8
The entire strategic management process is divided into four fields to aid in identification of the
processes The four fields normally deal with risk reduction preparing resources to respond to the
hazard responding to the actual damage caused by the hazard and limiting further damage
5
(eg emergency evacuation quarantine mass decontamination) and returning as close as possible
to the state before the hazard incident The field occurs in both the public and private sector sharing
the same processes but with different focuses9
Emergency Management is a strategic process and not a tactical process thus it usually resides at the
Executive level in an organization It normally has no direct power but serves as an advisory or
common goal Effective Emergency Management relies on a thorough integration of emergency plans
at all levels of the organization and an understanding that the lowest levels of the organization are
responsible for managing the emergency and getting additional resources and assistance from the
upper levels10
NEED FOR THE STUDY
1 India is the highly disaster prone country in Asian pacific region floods cyclones
draught earth quakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time major accidents
happen in railways and factories causing extensive damage to human life and property11
2 Northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms landslides and Earthquakes The
eastern costal areas are prone to severe floods and cyclones [Andra Pradesh West Bengal
and Orissa] Bihar Assam Uttar Pradesh gets major floods almost every year Western
desert areas are prone to draught12
3 Public system can obtain information in the event of an actual disaster situation early
warning system alerts the public about immediate danger and help to reduce the impact
Colour code systems are using for disaster emergency[Red-most urgent Yellow-urgent
Green-third priority Black-dead]13
6
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND
ADDRESS
Mrs SAUMYAVS1st Year M Sc NursingSarvodaya college of nursing 112Magadi Main RoadAgrahara DasarahalliBangalore560079
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Sarvodaya College Of NursingBangalore
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 1st Year M Sc Nursing Paediatric Nursing
4 DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE COURSE 15102011
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC ldquoA Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Awareness programme on Disaster preparedness Among students in selected school of Bangalorersquorsquo
6 BRIEF RESUME OF THE WORK60 INTRODUCTION 61 NEED FOR THE STUDY62 REVIEW OF LITERATURE621 STATEMENT OF THE STUDY63 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 631 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS632 ASSUMPTION633 HYPOTHESIS634 SAMPLING CRITERIA
EnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosedEnclosed
7 MATERIALS AND METHODS71 Sources of data Data will be collected from High school children72 Method of data collection Survey approach73 If Does the study require any investigations of interventions to be conducted on
the patients or other human being or animals -NO
74 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution YES the Ethical Clearance has been enclosed
1
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
2
KARNATAKA BANGALORE
PROFORMAFOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
ampADDRESS
Mrs SAUMYA VS
MscNursing (1st year) Sarvodaya College of Nursing 112 Agrahara Dasarahalli near Raheja Apartments Magadi road Bangalore-560079
2 NAME OF THEINSTITUTION Sarvodaya College Of Nursing Bangalore- 560044
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND
SUBJECT
1st Year Msc nursing
Paediatric Health Nursing
4 DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE
COURSE
15102011
5 TITLE OF THE STUDY ldquoA STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF BANGALORErdquo
INTRODUCTION
3
lsquorsquo A STICH IN TIME SAVES NINErsquorsquo
Disaster means an occurance causing widespread destruction and distress The root of the word
disaster [lsquorsquobar star rsquorsquoin Greek] comes from an astrological theme in which the ancients used to refer to
the destruction or deconstruction of a star as a disaster1 [D-Destruction I-Incidents S-Suffering A-
Adminisrative S-Sentiments T-Tragedies E-Eruption of communicable diseases R-Research
programme and its implementation] 1a)
Disaster is a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage loss and destruction and devastation to
life and property The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical
location climate and the type of the earth surfacedegree of vulnerability This influences the mental
socio-economic political and cultural state of the affected area2
Disaster completely disrupts the normal day to day life negatively influences the emergency
systems normal needs and processes like food shelter health etc are affected and deteriorate
depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster It may also be termed as ldquoa serious disruption
of the functioning of society causing widespread human material or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resourcesrdquoThus a disaster may have
the following main features - Unpredictability Unfamiliarity Speed Urgency Uncertainty and
Threat3
Disaster are of two types natural and manmade based on devastation Natural disasters are
earthquakes floods and flash floods hurricanes tornadoes thunder storms snow ice and winter
storms heat wave and drought landslides and mud flows tsunami and other tidal action volcanoes
wild fires etc manmade disasters are nuclear and radiological accidents home and building fires
4
hazardous materials accidents terrorism aviation accidents ship and maritime accidents train and
rail road accidents civil unrest bridge and other structural collapses dam break etchellip4
India over 40 million hectares are prone to floods nearly 3 lakh sqKM are at risk of cyclones the
earth quake in Bhuj killed 14000 people cyclones in Orissa took away 10000 lives between 1990
and 2000 an average of about 3400 people lost their lives annually about 3 crore people were
affected by disasters every year about 17000 people perished by the tsunami on 26 Dec20045
In 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakes was an undersea earthquake with an epicenter off the west coast of
Sumatra Indonesia The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra- Andaman
earthquake The resulting tsunami is given various names including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
South Asian tsunami and Indonesian tsunami6
The rapid growth of the worldrsquos population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters With the tropical
climate and unstable land forms coupled with deforestation unplanned growth proliferation non
engineered constructions which make the disaster prone areas more vulnerable tardy communication
poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention developing countries suffer more or less
chronically by natural disasters7
So disaster preparedness forms an integral part of the national system responsible for developing
plans programmes for disaster management prevention mitigation preparedness response
rehabilitation and reconstruction8
The entire strategic management process is divided into four fields to aid in identification of the
processes The four fields normally deal with risk reduction preparing resources to respond to the
hazard responding to the actual damage caused by the hazard and limiting further damage
5
(eg emergency evacuation quarantine mass decontamination) and returning as close as possible
to the state before the hazard incident The field occurs in both the public and private sector sharing
the same processes but with different focuses9
Emergency Management is a strategic process and not a tactical process thus it usually resides at the
Executive level in an organization It normally has no direct power but serves as an advisory or
common goal Effective Emergency Management relies on a thorough integration of emergency plans
at all levels of the organization and an understanding that the lowest levels of the organization are
responsible for managing the emergency and getting additional resources and assistance from the
upper levels10
NEED FOR THE STUDY
1 India is the highly disaster prone country in Asian pacific region floods cyclones
draught earth quakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time major accidents
happen in railways and factories causing extensive damage to human life and property11
2 Northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms landslides and Earthquakes The
eastern costal areas are prone to severe floods and cyclones [Andra Pradesh West Bengal
and Orissa] Bihar Assam Uttar Pradesh gets major floods almost every year Western
desert areas are prone to draught12
3 Public system can obtain information in the event of an actual disaster situation early
warning system alerts the public about immediate danger and help to reduce the impact
Colour code systems are using for disaster emergency[Red-most urgent Yellow-urgent
Green-third priority Black-dead]13
6
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
2
KARNATAKA BANGALORE
PROFORMAFOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
ampADDRESS
Mrs SAUMYA VS
MscNursing (1st year) Sarvodaya College of Nursing 112 Agrahara Dasarahalli near Raheja Apartments Magadi road Bangalore-560079
2 NAME OF THEINSTITUTION Sarvodaya College Of Nursing Bangalore- 560044
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND
SUBJECT
1st Year Msc nursing
Paediatric Health Nursing
4 DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE
COURSE
15102011
5 TITLE OF THE STUDY ldquoA STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF BANGALORErdquo
INTRODUCTION
3
lsquorsquo A STICH IN TIME SAVES NINErsquorsquo
Disaster means an occurance causing widespread destruction and distress The root of the word
disaster [lsquorsquobar star rsquorsquoin Greek] comes from an astrological theme in which the ancients used to refer to
the destruction or deconstruction of a star as a disaster1 [D-Destruction I-Incidents S-Suffering A-
Adminisrative S-Sentiments T-Tragedies E-Eruption of communicable diseases R-Research
programme and its implementation] 1a)
Disaster is a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage loss and destruction and devastation to
life and property The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical
location climate and the type of the earth surfacedegree of vulnerability This influences the mental
socio-economic political and cultural state of the affected area2
Disaster completely disrupts the normal day to day life negatively influences the emergency
systems normal needs and processes like food shelter health etc are affected and deteriorate
depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster It may also be termed as ldquoa serious disruption
of the functioning of society causing widespread human material or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resourcesrdquoThus a disaster may have
the following main features - Unpredictability Unfamiliarity Speed Urgency Uncertainty and
Threat3
Disaster are of two types natural and manmade based on devastation Natural disasters are
earthquakes floods and flash floods hurricanes tornadoes thunder storms snow ice and winter
storms heat wave and drought landslides and mud flows tsunami and other tidal action volcanoes
wild fires etc manmade disasters are nuclear and radiological accidents home and building fires
4
hazardous materials accidents terrorism aviation accidents ship and maritime accidents train and
rail road accidents civil unrest bridge and other structural collapses dam break etchellip4
India over 40 million hectares are prone to floods nearly 3 lakh sqKM are at risk of cyclones the
earth quake in Bhuj killed 14000 people cyclones in Orissa took away 10000 lives between 1990
and 2000 an average of about 3400 people lost their lives annually about 3 crore people were
affected by disasters every year about 17000 people perished by the tsunami on 26 Dec20045
In 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakes was an undersea earthquake with an epicenter off the west coast of
Sumatra Indonesia The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra- Andaman
earthquake The resulting tsunami is given various names including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
South Asian tsunami and Indonesian tsunami6
The rapid growth of the worldrsquos population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters With the tropical
climate and unstable land forms coupled with deforestation unplanned growth proliferation non
engineered constructions which make the disaster prone areas more vulnerable tardy communication
poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention developing countries suffer more or less
chronically by natural disasters7
So disaster preparedness forms an integral part of the national system responsible for developing
plans programmes for disaster management prevention mitigation preparedness response
rehabilitation and reconstruction8
The entire strategic management process is divided into four fields to aid in identification of the
processes The four fields normally deal with risk reduction preparing resources to respond to the
hazard responding to the actual damage caused by the hazard and limiting further damage
5
(eg emergency evacuation quarantine mass decontamination) and returning as close as possible
to the state before the hazard incident The field occurs in both the public and private sector sharing
the same processes but with different focuses9
Emergency Management is a strategic process and not a tactical process thus it usually resides at the
Executive level in an organization It normally has no direct power but serves as an advisory or
common goal Effective Emergency Management relies on a thorough integration of emergency plans
at all levels of the organization and an understanding that the lowest levels of the organization are
responsible for managing the emergency and getting additional resources and assistance from the
upper levels10
NEED FOR THE STUDY
1 India is the highly disaster prone country in Asian pacific region floods cyclones
draught earth quakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time major accidents
happen in railways and factories causing extensive damage to human life and property11
2 Northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms landslides and Earthquakes The
eastern costal areas are prone to severe floods and cyclones [Andra Pradesh West Bengal
and Orissa] Bihar Assam Uttar Pradesh gets major floods almost every year Western
desert areas are prone to draught12
3 Public system can obtain information in the event of an actual disaster situation early
warning system alerts the public about immediate danger and help to reduce the impact
Colour code systems are using for disaster emergency[Red-most urgent Yellow-urgent
Green-third priority Black-dead]13
6
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
KARNATAKA BANGALORE
PROFORMAFOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
ampADDRESS
Mrs SAUMYA VS
MscNursing (1st year) Sarvodaya College of Nursing 112 Agrahara Dasarahalli near Raheja Apartments Magadi road Bangalore-560079
2 NAME OF THEINSTITUTION Sarvodaya College Of Nursing Bangalore- 560044
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND
SUBJECT
1st Year Msc nursing
Paediatric Health Nursing
4 DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE
COURSE
15102011
5 TITLE OF THE STUDY ldquoA STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF BANGALORErdquo
INTRODUCTION
3
lsquorsquo A STICH IN TIME SAVES NINErsquorsquo
Disaster means an occurance causing widespread destruction and distress The root of the word
disaster [lsquorsquobar star rsquorsquoin Greek] comes from an astrological theme in which the ancients used to refer to
the destruction or deconstruction of a star as a disaster1 [D-Destruction I-Incidents S-Suffering A-
Adminisrative S-Sentiments T-Tragedies E-Eruption of communicable diseases R-Research
programme and its implementation] 1a)
Disaster is a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage loss and destruction and devastation to
life and property The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical
location climate and the type of the earth surfacedegree of vulnerability This influences the mental
socio-economic political and cultural state of the affected area2
Disaster completely disrupts the normal day to day life negatively influences the emergency
systems normal needs and processes like food shelter health etc are affected and deteriorate
depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster It may also be termed as ldquoa serious disruption
of the functioning of society causing widespread human material or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resourcesrdquoThus a disaster may have
the following main features - Unpredictability Unfamiliarity Speed Urgency Uncertainty and
Threat3
Disaster are of two types natural and manmade based on devastation Natural disasters are
earthquakes floods and flash floods hurricanes tornadoes thunder storms snow ice and winter
storms heat wave and drought landslides and mud flows tsunami and other tidal action volcanoes
wild fires etc manmade disasters are nuclear and radiological accidents home and building fires
4
hazardous materials accidents terrorism aviation accidents ship and maritime accidents train and
rail road accidents civil unrest bridge and other structural collapses dam break etchellip4
India over 40 million hectares are prone to floods nearly 3 lakh sqKM are at risk of cyclones the
earth quake in Bhuj killed 14000 people cyclones in Orissa took away 10000 lives between 1990
and 2000 an average of about 3400 people lost their lives annually about 3 crore people were
affected by disasters every year about 17000 people perished by the tsunami on 26 Dec20045
In 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakes was an undersea earthquake with an epicenter off the west coast of
Sumatra Indonesia The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra- Andaman
earthquake The resulting tsunami is given various names including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
South Asian tsunami and Indonesian tsunami6
The rapid growth of the worldrsquos population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters With the tropical
climate and unstable land forms coupled with deforestation unplanned growth proliferation non
engineered constructions which make the disaster prone areas more vulnerable tardy communication
poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention developing countries suffer more or less
chronically by natural disasters7
So disaster preparedness forms an integral part of the national system responsible for developing
plans programmes for disaster management prevention mitigation preparedness response
rehabilitation and reconstruction8
The entire strategic management process is divided into four fields to aid in identification of the
processes The four fields normally deal with risk reduction preparing resources to respond to the
hazard responding to the actual damage caused by the hazard and limiting further damage
5
(eg emergency evacuation quarantine mass decontamination) and returning as close as possible
to the state before the hazard incident The field occurs in both the public and private sector sharing
the same processes but with different focuses9
Emergency Management is a strategic process and not a tactical process thus it usually resides at the
Executive level in an organization It normally has no direct power but serves as an advisory or
common goal Effective Emergency Management relies on a thorough integration of emergency plans
at all levels of the organization and an understanding that the lowest levels of the organization are
responsible for managing the emergency and getting additional resources and assistance from the
upper levels10
NEED FOR THE STUDY
1 India is the highly disaster prone country in Asian pacific region floods cyclones
draught earth quakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time major accidents
happen in railways and factories causing extensive damage to human life and property11
2 Northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms landslides and Earthquakes The
eastern costal areas are prone to severe floods and cyclones [Andra Pradesh West Bengal
and Orissa] Bihar Assam Uttar Pradesh gets major floods almost every year Western
desert areas are prone to draught12
3 Public system can obtain information in the event of an actual disaster situation early
warning system alerts the public about immediate danger and help to reduce the impact
Colour code systems are using for disaster emergency[Red-most urgent Yellow-urgent
Green-third priority Black-dead]13
6
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
lsquorsquo A STICH IN TIME SAVES NINErsquorsquo
Disaster means an occurance causing widespread destruction and distress The root of the word
disaster [lsquorsquobar star rsquorsquoin Greek] comes from an astrological theme in which the ancients used to refer to
the destruction or deconstruction of a star as a disaster1 [D-Destruction I-Incidents S-Suffering A-
Adminisrative S-Sentiments T-Tragedies E-Eruption of communicable diseases R-Research
programme and its implementation] 1a)
Disaster is a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage loss and destruction and devastation to
life and property The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical
location climate and the type of the earth surfacedegree of vulnerability This influences the mental
socio-economic political and cultural state of the affected area2
Disaster completely disrupts the normal day to day life negatively influences the emergency
systems normal needs and processes like food shelter health etc are affected and deteriorate
depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster It may also be termed as ldquoa serious disruption
of the functioning of society causing widespread human material or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resourcesrdquoThus a disaster may have
the following main features - Unpredictability Unfamiliarity Speed Urgency Uncertainty and
Threat3
Disaster are of two types natural and manmade based on devastation Natural disasters are
earthquakes floods and flash floods hurricanes tornadoes thunder storms snow ice and winter
storms heat wave and drought landslides and mud flows tsunami and other tidal action volcanoes
wild fires etc manmade disasters are nuclear and radiological accidents home and building fires
4
hazardous materials accidents terrorism aviation accidents ship and maritime accidents train and
rail road accidents civil unrest bridge and other structural collapses dam break etchellip4
India over 40 million hectares are prone to floods nearly 3 lakh sqKM are at risk of cyclones the
earth quake in Bhuj killed 14000 people cyclones in Orissa took away 10000 lives between 1990
and 2000 an average of about 3400 people lost their lives annually about 3 crore people were
affected by disasters every year about 17000 people perished by the tsunami on 26 Dec20045
In 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakes was an undersea earthquake with an epicenter off the west coast of
Sumatra Indonesia The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra- Andaman
earthquake The resulting tsunami is given various names including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
South Asian tsunami and Indonesian tsunami6
The rapid growth of the worldrsquos population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters With the tropical
climate and unstable land forms coupled with deforestation unplanned growth proliferation non
engineered constructions which make the disaster prone areas more vulnerable tardy communication
poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention developing countries suffer more or less
chronically by natural disasters7
So disaster preparedness forms an integral part of the national system responsible for developing
plans programmes for disaster management prevention mitigation preparedness response
rehabilitation and reconstruction8
The entire strategic management process is divided into four fields to aid in identification of the
processes The four fields normally deal with risk reduction preparing resources to respond to the
hazard responding to the actual damage caused by the hazard and limiting further damage
5
(eg emergency evacuation quarantine mass decontamination) and returning as close as possible
to the state before the hazard incident The field occurs in both the public and private sector sharing
the same processes but with different focuses9
Emergency Management is a strategic process and not a tactical process thus it usually resides at the
Executive level in an organization It normally has no direct power but serves as an advisory or
common goal Effective Emergency Management relies on a thorough integration of emergency plans
at all levels of the organization and an understanding that the lowest levels of the organization are
responsible for managing the emergency and getting additional resources and assistance from the
upper levels10
NEED FOR THE STUDY
1 India is the highly disaster prone country in Asian pacific region floods cyclones
draught earth quakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time major accidents
happen in railways and factories causing extensive damage to human life and property11
2 Northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms landslides and Earthquakes The
eastern costal areas are prone to severe floods and cyclones [Andra Pradesh West Bengal
and Orissa] Bihar Assam Uttar Pradesh gets major floods almost every year Western
desert areas are prone to draught12
3 Public system can obtain information in the event of an actual disaster situation early
warning system alerts the public about immediate danger and help to reduce the impact
Colour code systems are using for disaster emergency[Red-most urgent Yellow-urgent
Green-third priority Black-dead]13
6
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
hazardous materials accidents terrorism aviation accidents ship and maritime accidents train and
rail road accidents civil unrest bridge and other structural collapses dam break etchellip4
India over 40 million hectares are prone to floods nearly 3 lakh sqKM are at risk of cyclones the
earth quake in Bhuj killed 14000 people cyclones in Orissa took away 10000 lives between 1990
and 2000 an average of about 3400 people lost their lives annually about 3 crore people were
affected by disasters every year about 17000 people perished by the tsunami on 26 Dec20045
In 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakes was an undersea earthquake with an epicenter off the west coast of
Sumatra Indonesia The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra- Andaman
earthquake The resulting tsunami is given various names including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
South Asian tsunami and Indonesian tsunami6
The rapid growth of the worldrsquos population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters With the tropical
climate and unstable land forms coupled with deforestation unplanned growth proliferation non
engineered constructions which make the disaster prone areas more vulnerable tardy communication
poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention developing countries suffer more or less
chronically by natural disasters7
So disaster preparedness forms an integral part of the national system responsible for developing
plans programmes for disaster management prevention mitigation preparedness response
rehabilitation and reconstruction8
The entire strategic management process is divided into four fields to aid in identification of the
processes The four fields normally deal with risk reduction preparing resources to respond to the
hazard responding to the actual damage caused by the hazard and limiting further damage
5
(eg emergency evacuation quarantine mass decontamination) and returning as close as possible
to the state before the hazard incident The field occurs in both the public and private sector sharing
the same processes but with different focuses9
Emergency Management is a strategic process and not a tactical process thus it usually resides at the
Executive level in an organization It normally has no direct power but serves as an advisory or
common goal Effective Emergency Management relies on a thorough integration of emergency plans
at all levels of the organization and an understanding that the lowest levels of the organization are
responsible for managing the emergency and getting additional resources and assistance from the
upper levels10
NEED FOR THE STUDY
1 India is the highly disaster prone country in Asian pacific region floods cyclones
draught earth quakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time major accidents
happen in railways and factories causing extensive damage to human life and property11
2 Northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms landslides and Earthquakes The
eastern costal areas are prone to severe floods and cyclones [Andra Pradesh West Bengal
and Orissa] Bihar Assam Uttar Pradesh gets major floods almost every year Western
desert areas are prone to draught12
3 Public system can obtain information in the event of an actual disaster situation early
warning system alerts the public about immediate danger and help to reduce the impact
Colour code systems are using for disaster emergency[Red-most urgent Yellow-urgent
Green-third priority Black-dead]13
6
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
(eg emergency evacuation quarantine mass decontamination) and returning as close as possible
to the state before the hazard incident The field occurs in both the public and private sector sharing
the same processes but with different focuses9
Emergency Management is a strategic process and not a tactical process thus it usually resides at the
Executive level in an organization It normally has no direct power but serves as an advisory or
common goal Effective Emergency Management relies on a thorough integration of emergency plans
at all levels of the organization and an understanding that the lowest levels of the organization are
responsible for managing the emergency and getting additional resources and assistance from the
upper levels10
NEED FOR THE STUDY
1 India is the highly disaster prone country in Asian pacific region floods cyclones
draught earth quakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time major accidents
happen in railways and factories causing extensive damage to human life and property11
2 Northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms landslides and Earthquakes The
eastern costal areas are prone to severe floods and cyclones [Andra Pradesh West Bengal
and Orissa] Bihar Assam Uttar Pradesh gets major floods almost every year Western
desert areas are prone to draught12
3 Public system can obtain information in the event of an actual disaster situation early
warning system alerts the public about immediate danger and help to reduce the impact
Colour code systems are using for disaster emergency[Red-most urgent Yellow-urgent
Green-third priority Black-dead]13
6
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
4 Formation of various task forces including warning and awareness task evacuation task
force free safety task force psycho-social aid task force site security task force and to
assign sensitive roles and responsively of these task force in time of emergencies14
5 A study revealed that the suicidal rate was by floods floods 138hurricanes 310
earthquake 62915
The Researcher felt that
Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for
many years to come Beyond the heavy toll on human lives the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused
an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come It has been
reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves coral reefs forests
coastal wetlands vegetation sand dunes and rock formations animal and plant biodiversity and
groundwater In addition the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals water
pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even
further in untold ways The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to
assessment earners as well as boats and fishing gear16
Main effect is being caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil by saltwater
infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over arable land Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported the widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami17
The Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury
the body of the dead and in many cases no body remained to be buried Some believe that the
tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers andor following a
materialistic lifestyle Others have said that Allah was angry that there were Muslims killing other
Muslims in an ongoing conflict18
7
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
Another result of the tsunami respective toward Indian culture was the water that washed away
centuries of sand from some of the ruins of a 1200-year-old lost city at Mahabalipuram on the south
coast of India The site containing such notable structures as a half-buried granite lion near a 7th
century Mahablipuram temple and a relic depicting an elephant is part of what archaeologists believe
to be an ancient port city that was swallowed by the sea hundreds of years ago19
The pain can be particularly profound when friends or neighbors are lost or social support is
unavailable or when a home is destroyed Losing a home is like losing a limb Since the children are
tomorrows citizens provide training on disaster preparedness well ahead of timeBefore the occurance
of disaster provide imformation and training Through this the intensity can be reduced to some
extend Thatrsquos why the researcher is interested to study on this topic 20
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum their studies are undertaken
within the context of an existing knowledge base Researchers undertake a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge baseLiterature review helps to lay foundation for a
study and can also inspire new research ideas
The literature review for the present study It has been organized under the following headings
1 studies related to disasters and its impact
2 studies related to effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
3studies related to disaster preparedness 21
8
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
1 STUDIES RELATED TO DISASTERS AND ITS IMPACT
ANATURAL DISASTER
a Krug kGkresnow MPeddicord jpDahlberg LLpowell KE Crosby AE
Conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether natural disasters affected suicide rates
Data on suicide were collected from 377 countries that had each been affected by a single natural
disaster during the 36 months and 48 months after the disaster and aligned around the month of
the disastersResults showed an increase in suicide rates in the four years after floods by138in
the two years after hurricanes by 310 and in the first year of the earthquake by 629
Findings thus far suggest that suicide rates increase after disasters22
b Rautela p (Natural disaster (Himalayan ecosystem)through experience and knowledge helps
to reduce the vulnerability)
conducted a study on the indigenous management of disasters in the fragile Himalayan
ecosystem with an objective to highlight the relevance of area specificlocally pertinent and
effective ways of mitigating natural disasters that put forth most cost effective and acceptable
means of mitigating disastersExtensive field studies were carried on the traditional resource
management practices of the remote Himalayan terrainResults showed that during the course of
their habitation in the disaster prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through
experience experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their
vulnerability to natural hazards Their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of
9
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
earthquakeslandslides and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the
effects of these disasters23
BMAN MADE DISASTER
1 Johnson SD North CS Smith EM
(Manmade disaster causing distress)
In a longitudinal study course of psychiatric sequelae of a mass shooting incident at a court
house A sample of 80 individuals was examined 6-8 weeks after the incident and 77 of them
were reassessed at the end ofone and three years later using diagnostic interview
scheduledisaster supplementfindings suggested that there was universal distress as 96 of the
respondents reported posttraumatic stress disorders24
2 SpranG G
(Man made disaster(terrorism) cause posttraumatic stress disorder)
In a study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults who were not
directly affected by the Oklahoma city bombing by examining the course of posttraumatic stress
disorder and sub threshold of PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this
courseRespondents were interviewed at 3 months interval for 18 months following an initial 6
months surveys Analysis suggested avoidance re- experiencing and increased arousal
symptoms in this population were limited over time declining with or without treatment between
6 and 9 months Findings also suggested that victimization symptoms remained high without
mental health intervention for the first year after disaster25
10
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
3 Rehner-TAKolbo-JRSmith CReid D
(Manmade disaster(methyl parathion)reported depressive symptoms)
In a study examined depressive symptoms among victims of south Mississippirsquos methyl
parathion disaster Results indicated that irrespective of the level of methyl parathion
contamination in respondents dwellings more than half the victims interviewed reported
depressive symptoms at levels suggesting probable clinical depression26
2Studies Related to the effectiveness of educational protocol on disaster preparedness
In a study Bartley BHStella JBand Walsh LD conducted with an objective to test the
hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated
disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledgeconfidence and hospital preparedness
for disasters Fifty members were chosen from medicalnursing and administrative
fieldsFindings suggested a significant improvement in the post intervention test pass rate by
50 as compared to the pretest pass rate of 18 27
In a study Bartley B Fisher J and Stella J conducted to test whether an instructional video of
edited footage from a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the hospital disaster
plan Forty hospital registrars were shown a 15 minute video based on footage obtained at a
simulated mass casualty incident Finding justified a significant improvement in the post video
survey with an absolute increase in the pass rate by 82 28
In a study Hall wRuthCusick JGary and Yuniar conducted to determine the effectiveness of
an educational program to perform in a burn disaster designed for licensed health practitionersA
pre- post survey design was used to assess changes in participants knowledge and self related
11
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
abilityconfidence and competence to perform in a burn disaster before and after trainingThe
percentage of correct responses pre vs post test increased between 30 and 65 on two-thirds
of the knowledge itemsEvaluation results demonstrated that the curriculum and teaching
methods achieved desired goals for improved knowledge which appear to have been translated
to enhanced abilitiesconfidence and competence in burn assessments treatment modalities29
In a study Querisni And Kristine A conducted on the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness
training programme for public health nurses in New York cityThe program focused on the basic
public health emergency preparedness competencies and the emergency response role of public
health workers employed in New York city school department of health and mental hygiene school
health programThe evaluation method included the pre testpost test followed by one repeat post test
one month after the programThe program resulted in positive shifts in both knowledge and
emergency response attitudes30
3 Studies related to disaster preparedness
In a study Phillips BD Metz WC and Leslie A conducted to examine the preparedness and
potential response behaviors reported by members of households in northeastern Alabama
community facing a threat of possible chemical release from a US Army depot Findings suggested
that the residents in the lowest income quartile reported greater restrictions in physical abilities fewer
community contacts a heightened concern about area hazards and limited resources for taking
preparedness and response actions31
White GW and fox MH in a study explored the unchartered area of disability related disaster and
emergency response practices at local emergency management agenciesThis Project sought to
determine whether disaster plans and emergency response systems included the health safety and
12
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
survival needs for persons with mobility impairmentsResults revealed that a majority of the
emergency managers were not trained in special needs populationswhich included persons with
mobility impairmentsFindings suggested that emergency managers would benefit from taking
educational courses having reliable surveillance toolsand developing specific guidelines aimed at
addressing emergency management needs of persons with disabilities32
In a study Rincon Linares MYand Greenberg B conducted to examine the hypothesis that having
experienced a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones However results
showed that only 37of the families who experienced the hurricane Andrew would go to a shelter
versus 49of the families that did notFndings thus suggested that the hypothesishaving experienced
a major hurricane will promote better preparedness for future ones can be safely rejected33
In a study Burda P Anand JS Chodorowski Z and Groszek B conducted to evaluate the strategic
preparedness of twelve hospitals in Karkow Warsaw and Triple city to give aid during massive
chemical accidentsThe study was carried on 146 persons Results demonstrated that in any of the
investigated hospitals there were no plans regarding the action to be taken in case of chemical
accidentsThey had insufficient knowledge about sources of contamination and environmental
threats34
In a study Gilmore GD Schwan WR and McLaughlin MK conducted to determine the emergency
preparedness knowledge training and resource needs of community based professionals in Western
WisconsinData was collected through interviews questionnaires Findings suggested that training
needs existed among all On site co-ordination and communication systems were the weakest aspects
of community response35
13
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
In a study Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby RLevine JN and Cruz AM sought to find out the
community preparedness in an urban settingpersonal interviews conducted with local emergency
response officials in plant health and safety officers indicated that disasters were anticipated and
they were ready to face itHowever survey results of residents suggested that they were under
prepared for disasters36
Hurnen F and McClure J in a study compared the knowledge how to prevent damage from
earthquakes to the knowledge extracted from expert sources Findings supported the hypothesis
that changes in perceived preventability occur when specific targeted information is introduced
there by indicating the need for an educational program to counter inadequate knowledge37
In a study Takao K MotoyoshiSato TFukuzono K and Seo S conducted to examine how
flood risk perception and home ownership affected the residents preparedness for floods in the
Nagoya citySurvey was conducted on the residents of the affected area in Nagoya city and its
adjacent regionThe respondents were asked to rate the extent of their experience with
anticipation ofand preparedness for floods before and after the Tokai disaster in terms of taking
special measures against floodsResults showed that the degree of preparedness for floods was
determined by the level of fear for floods and the amount of damage sustained during the Tokai
flood especially for the home owners38
In a study Braun BI Wineman N Finn NL Barbera JASchmaltz SP et al conducted in united
states to assess community emergency preparedness linkage among hospitalspublic health officials
and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards preparation for an event
requiring national security oversight and experience responding to actual disasters Using simple
random technique a sample of 1750US medical surgical hospitals were selected and a mailed
14
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drillsequipment surveillance
incident management and communications Results suggested that there was better performance in
large and urban hospitals and it was associated with a high number of perceived hazards It also
suggested that the relationship between hospitals public health departments public health
departmentsand other critical responses entities are not adequately robust39
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON
DISASTER PREPAREDENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge among high school children on disaster preparedness before and after
awareness programme
1 To assess the pretest and post test level of knowledge of high school children regarding disaster
preparedness
2 To Assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on disaster preparedness among high school
children
3 To determine the association between pretest knowledge of high school children and selected
demographic variables
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS Refers to the extent to which the structured teaching program has achieved
desired outcome of gain of knowledge as assessed by knowledge questionnaire
15
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
AWARENESS Refers to knowledge among children on earthquakesfloodsbomb blasttsunami
fires related to disaster its nature impact and measures to be followed as assessed by self
administered questionnaire
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Refers to measures taken by people to face natural disasters like
earthquakes(move away from buildings treesstreet lightpower lines) floods (swimming
practicesseek higher ground on foot immediately Keep important papers in watertight containers
and have a record of your valuables in a safe place ) tsunami(go to high ground or inland)and
manmade disasters like bomb blasts(if previously got any information should pass on to parents or
police station) fire accidents(try to roll over the floorcall fire force)
STUDENTSIt refers to students studying in 8th to 10th standards
SCHOOL BASED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM REGARDING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS A teaching module that is prepared to educate a group of school students
regarding meaningtypeimpact and preventive measures with the help of blackboardscharts and
LCD slides
ASSUMPTIONS
1It is assumed that students have inadequate knowledge on disaster preparedness
2It is assumed that awareness on disaster preparedness is influenced by previous experience of
disasters and type of family including children
HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores regarding
disaster preparedness among high school children
16
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
H2-There will be a significant association between the pre test knowledge of children regarding
disaster preparedness and selected demographic variables
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1 The students who are willing to participate
2 The students between ages of 14-16 years
3 The students who are present at the time of study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1 Students who are already attended any awareness programme
DELIMITATIONS
1 Data collection is restricted to 4 weeks
2 The study is delimited to children between 14-16 years of age in selected school of Bangalore
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from high school children in selected schools of Bangalore
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Research approach Evaluative approach
Research design descriptive design
Setting selected school in Bangalore
17
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
Population High school children
Sample children who meet the inclusive criteria
Sample size 80
Sampling technique simple random sampling technique
Tool for data collection structured questionnaire
Method of data collection Self administrered questionare
Methods of data analysis and interpretation
The researcher will use descriptive and inferential statistics and present in the form of tables
graphs and diagramsDemagraphic variable will be analyzed by frequency and percentage
distribution The level of awareness will be analyzed by mean and standard deviation The
effectiveness of structured teaching program will be analyzed by paired ldquotrdquotest The association
between Demographic variables and awareness on disaster preparedness will be analyzed by
using chi-square test
Duration of study 4 weeks
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES childrens knowledge regarding disaster preparedness
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Structured Teaching program on disaster preparedness
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES age sex previous source of informationclassType
Of family
18
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
This study will enable the high school children regarding disaster preparedness
Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patient or other
humans or animals
No
Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution
Yes
19
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
LIST OF REFERENCES
1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-21
1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
Disaster Management File r
wwwscribdcomdoc66787893Disaster-Management-File-r
4
Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
management wwwlegalserviceindiacoml456-Chemical-Disaster-Management
5 Disaster wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm
6 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 26
wwwdrgeorgepccomTsunami2004Indonesiahtml
7Disaster- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
8 Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiDisaster
20
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
10 Emergency Management laquo Hempfield
hempfieldemacom emergency Infochange India
11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorgwikiEarthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India
12 Disaster
wwwicmtngovindenguedisasterhtm 26 Dec 2004
13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
enwikipediaorg rsaquo Health science rsaquo Medicine rsaquo Emergency medicine
14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
wwwussartforgvolcanoeshtm
15Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural disasters N
Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable from
URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
wwwarmageddononlineorg2004_indian_ocean_earthquake_tsuna
21
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
enwikipediaorgwiki2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
wwweurasiareviewcom15032011-tokyo-mayor-tsunami-was-divin
19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
wncom2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_91_and_Tsunami_
20polit D FNursing researchprinciples and methods 7th edNewdelhiRippincott Williams and
Wilknes2006p711-35
21 Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and
Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page
no 3-19
22Krug EG Kresnow MPeddicord JP Dahlberg LL Powell KCCrosby AE Suicide after natural
disasters N Eng J med [serial online]1998 feb 5[Cited 2006 Aug 8]338(6)[373-8] Avalailable
from URLhttpwwwNEJMORG
22
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
23Rautela p indigenous technical knowledge inputs for effective disaster management in the
fragile Himalayan eco system Disaster prevention and management [serial online]2005 April
[cited 2006 Oct12]14(2)[233-4]Available fromURLhttpwwwemeraldinsightcom
24Johnson SD NorthesSmith EM Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting
spree a three year follow up studyCommunity Mental Health journal [serial online] 2002 jun
[Cited 2006 Nov 10]38(3)[181-91]Available fromURLhttpsearchepnetcom
25Sprang G Vicarious stress patterns of disturbance and use of mental health services by those
indirectly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing Psychological reports [serial
online ]2001oct[cited 2006 Nov 10]89(2)[331-8]Available from URLhttpsearch apnetcom
26Rehner TAKolbo JR Trump RSmith C Reid DDepression among victims of South
Mississippis methyl parathion disaster Health and social work [serial online]2000 Oct [Cited
2006 Nov10]61(4)[281-97]Available fromhttpsearchepnetcom
27Bartley BH Stella JB Walsh LDwhat a disasterAssessing utility simulated disaster
preparedness and educational process for improving hospital exercisePrehos P Disaster med
[serial online]2006Jul-Aug[cited 2007Sept1021(4)249-5
AvailablefromURLhttpwwwnebinmnihgovsitesentrez
23
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
28Bartley B Fisher J Stella J Video of a disaster drill is effective in educating registrars on the
hospital disaster plan Emergency medicines Australasia[serial online]2007Feb
[Cited2007Sep9]19(1)[394]A vailable fromURLhttpwwwBlackwellsynergycomdoiabs
29Hall W Ruthcusick JGaryYuniar etalPreparing for Burn disasterEvaluationof a
contuining education training course for pre-hospital and Hospital professionals in
Kansasjournal of Burn care and Research[serial online]JanFeb2007[Cited 2007 Sep2]28(1)
[97-104]Available fromURIhttpwwwburncarereabComptrejburnerabstract
30QuerishiKristine A Jacqueline Effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training
program for public health nurses in New York City Family and community health[serial
online]2004Sep [Cited 2006 Oct 16]27(3)Available from URL
httpwwwfamilyandcommunityhealthcomptrefchabstract
31Philips BD Metz WE Nieves LADisaster threatpreparedness and potential response of the
lowest income quartile Environmental Hazards [serial online ]2005[Cited2007 Sep 9]6[123-
3]Available fromURL httpwwwelseviercomweatehazards
32White GWFox MHNobody Left BehindFinal Report[serial online]2007 Jul [Cited 2007
Sep17]Available fromhttpwwwnobodyleftbehind2org
rrtcpbsfindingsfinal20Report2NLB20July
24
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
33Rincon ELinares MYGreenberg B Effect of previous experience of a hurricane on
preparedness for future hurricanesAm J Emerg Med [serial online]2001Jul[cited 2007 Sep
9]19(4)[276-9]Available fromURLhttpwwwncbinmnihgovsitesentrez
34Burda P Chodorowski Z Groszek B Strategic preparedness of selected hospitals to act during
massive chemical disasters Przegl Lek[serial online]2007[Cited2007Sep 9]212-4]Available
fromURLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrez
35Glimore GD Schwan WR McLaughlin MK An assessment of emergency preparedness in
Western WisconsinWMJ[Serial online ]2007 Apr[Cited 2007 Sep 2]106(2)[71-7]Available
from URLhttpwwwncbinlmnihgovsitesentrezDb
36Steinberg LJ Basolo V Burby R Levire JN Cruz AJoint seismic and technologic disaster
Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban settingNatural Hazards Rev[serial
online]2004 Nov[cited 2007 Sept 9]5(4)[159-69]Available from
URLhttpwwwscitationaiporggetabsservlet
37Hurnen F Clure MJ The effects of increased earthquake knowledge on perceived
preventability of earthquake DamageThe Australian journal of Disaster and Trauma studies
[serial online]1997[Cited 2007 sep19]3Available from URL
httpwwwmasseryacnztraumaissues 1997-3Mcclurelhtm
25
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
38Takao k Motoyoshisato t Fukuzono k seos Factors determining residents preparedness for
floods in modern megalopolises the case of Tokai flood disaster in japanjournal of risk research
[serial online] 2003[cited 2007 Nov11] [783-4]Available from
URLhttpwwwtandfcoukjournals DOI
39 Kothari CR Research Methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd NewDelhi New age
International p7-33
26
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
11 Name amp Designation (in Block letters)
111 Guide
112 Signature
113 Head of the Department
114 Signature
12
121 Remarks of the Chairman and principal
27
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-
122 Signature
28
- 1Tener GoodwinDisaster Nursing and emergency preparedness for chemicalBiological and Radiological Terrorism and other hazardsVeenema EditionSpringer publishing Company page no 3-21
- 1a) IM for Students wwwscribdcomdoc60309163IM-for-Students Disaster
- 2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
- 3Disaster - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwiki
- 4
- Chemical Disaster Ma2What is disaster karimganjnicindisasterhtm
-
- 9 Emergency management - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia enwikipediaorgwikiEmergency_management
- hempfieldemacomemergency Infochange India
-
- 11 Earthquake hazard zoning of India - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 12 Disaster
- 13 Triage - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
- 14 Volcanoes - United States Search and Rescue Task Force
- 16 Armageddon Online -2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
- 17 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia the free
- 18 Tokyo Mayor Tsunami Was Divine Punishment
- 19 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake 91 and Tsunami
-