1.mektek pendahuluan
TRANSCRIPT
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MEKANIKA TEKNIKMEKANIKA TEKNIK PENDAHULUAN
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Apa itu Mekanika?Apa itu Mekanika?
C b il fi ik b biCabang ilmu fisika yang berbicara tentang keadaan diam atau geraknya benda-benda g yyang mengalami kerja atau aksi gaya
Mechanics
Rigid Bodies Deformable Bodies Fluidsg(Things that do not change shape) (Things that do change shape) Fluids
Statics Dynamics Incompressible Compressible2SUTRIMO
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Buku apa yang dipakai?Buku apa yang dipakai?
• R. C. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics, 7th - 10th
Edition, Person Prentice-Hall,• F. P. Beer and E. R. Johnston Jr., Vector
Mechanics for Engineers: Statics SI MetricMechanics for Engineers: Statics, SI Metric Edition, Mcgraw-hill, 3rd Edition
• R. C. Hibbeler, Mechanics of Material, 3th
Edition, Person Prentice-HallEdition, Person Prentice Hall • dll
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Bagaimana evaluasinya ?Bagaimana evaluasinya ?
• Tugas-Kuis : 30 %• UTS : 35 %• UTS : 35 %• UAS : 35 %
Tidak mentolerir segala bentuk kecuranganTidak mentolerir segala bentuk kecuranganTapi tetap boleh cross checkp p
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Apa saja yang dipelajari?Apa saja yang dipelajari?
• Keseimbangan partikel • Keseimbangan benda tegarKeseimbangan benda tegar• Diagram gaya normal, diagram gaya
d digeser, dan diagram momen• Konsep tegangano sep tega ga• Momen inersia dan momen polar• Teori kegagalan statis
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Apa pentingnya mekanika (statik)/ keseimbangan ?
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Apa perbedaan partikel dan benda tegar?Apa perbedaan partikel dan benda tegar?
• Particle: A very small amount of matter which may be assumed to occupy a single point in y py g pspace.
• Rigid body: A combination of a large number• Rigid body: A combination of a large number of particles occupying fixed position with respect to each other.
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Apa perbedaan Partikel dan Benda Tegar ?Apa perbedaan Partikel dan Benda Tegar ?
Partikel: Mempunyai suatu
Benda Tegar:Kombinasi sejumlah p y
massa namun ukurannya dapat
jpartikel yang mana semua partikel y
diabaikan, sehingga geometri benda tidak
berada pada suatu jarak tetap terhadap
akan terlibat dalam analisis masalah
satu dengan yang lain
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Contoh PartikelContoh Partikel
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Contoh Benda TegarContoh Benda Tegar
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Review Sistem SatuanReview Sistem Satuan• Four fundamental physical quantities. Length, Time, Mass, Force.Four fundamental physical quantities. Length, Time, Mass, Force.
• We will work with two unit systems in static’s: SI & US Customary.
Bagaimana konversi dari SI ke US atau sebaliknya ? 11SUTRIMO
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Apa yang harus dilakukan supaya Mekanika Teknik menjadi mudah ?
B k d i l ik l lBanyak dan sering menyelesaikan soal-soal
Prosedur mengerjakan soal:Prosedur mengerjakan soal:1. Baca soal dengan cermat2 B t f b d di d t b l ik d t l2. Buat free body diagram dan tabulasikan data soal3. Tuliskan prinsip dasar/persamaan yang relevan dengan soal
S4. Selesaikan persamaan sepraktis mungkin sehingga didapat hasil yang signifikan dan jangan lupa disertai sistem satuansatuan
5. Pelajari jawaban dengan akal sehat, masuk akal atau tidak6 Jika ada waktu coba pikirkan cara lain untuk menyelesaikan6. Jika ada waktu, coba pikirkan cara lain untuk menyelesaikan
soal tersebut. 12SUTRIMO
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THE WHAT, WHY AND HOW OF A FREE BODY DIAGRAM (FBD)FREE BODY DIAGRAM (FBD)
Free Body Diagrams are one of the most important things for you to know how to draw and use.
What ? - It is a drawing that shows ll l f i hall external forces acting on the
particle.
Why ? - It helps you write the equations of equilibrium used to solve for the unknowns (usually forces or angles).
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How ?How ?1. Imagine the particle to be isolated or cut free from its
surroundings.g
2. Show all the forces that act on the particle.Active forces: They want to move the particleActive forces: They want to move the particle. Reactive forces: They tend to resist the motion.
3 Identify each force and show all known magnitudes3. Identify each force and show all known magnitudes and directions. Show all unknown magnitudes and / or directions as variables .
AA
FBD at A Note : Engine mass = 250 Kg14SUTRIMO
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F d t l P i i lFundamental Principles• The parallelogram law for the addition of forces: Two
forces acting on a particle can be replaced by a single force called resultant obtained by drawing the diagonalforce, called resultant, obtained by drawing the diagonal of the parallelogram which has sides equal to the given forces
f1+f2
f2
f1
f2
f1 • Parallelogram Law15SUTRIMO
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F d l P i i l ( ’)Fundamental Principles (cont’)• The principle of transmissibility: A force acting at a point
of a rigid body can be replaced by a force of the the same magnitude and same direction, but acting on at a different point on the line of action
f2
f1f1
f1 and f2 are equivalent if their it d th d th • Principle of Transmissibilitymagnitudes are the same and the
object is rigid. Principle of Transmissibility
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APPLICATION OF VECTOR ADDITION
There are four concurrent cable forces acting on the bracket.
How do you determine the resultant force acting
h b k ?on the bracket ?
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Addition of Vectors• Trapezoid rule for vector addition
• Triangle rule for vector addition
L f iB
C
C
QPRBPQQPR
cos2222
• Law of cosines,
C QPR
• Law of sines,CBA sinsinsin
B AC
RB
QA sinsinsin
• Vector addition is commutative• Vector addition is commutative,
PQQP
• Vector subtraction18SUTRIMO
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Sample ProblemSample Problem
SOLUTIONSOLUTION:
• Trigonometric solution - use the triangle rule for vector addition in conjunctionrule for vector addition in conjunction with the law of cosines and law of sines to find the resultant.
The two forces act on a bolt at A. Determine their resultant.
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Sample Problem (cont’)Sample Problem (cont )• Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.
From the Law of Cosines,
155N60N402N60N40cos222
222 BPQQPR 155cosN60N402N60N40 22
N73.97R
BA
sinsinFrom the Law of Sines,
RQBA
RQ
sinsin
A
04.15N73.97
N60155sin
A 20 04.35
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ADDITION OF SEVERAL VECTORS
• Step 1 is to resolve each force S ep s o eso ve e c o ceinto its components
• Step 2 is to add all the x• Step 2 is to add all the x components together and add all the y components together. Thesethe y components together. These two totals become the resultant vector.
• Step 3 is to find the magnitude and angle of the resultant vector.g
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Example of thisExample of this process,
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You can also represent a 2-D vector with a magnitude and angle.
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EXAMPLE
Given: Three concurrent forces acting on a bracket.
Find: The magnitude and angle of the resultant gforce.
Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.
b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.) p p g
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.
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EXAMPLE (continued)
F { 15 i 40° i 15 40° j } kNF1 = { 15 sin 40° i + 15 cos 40° j } kN
= { 9.642 i + 11.49 j } kN
F2 = { -(12/13)26 i + (5/13)26 j } kN
= { 24 i + 10 j } kN= { -24 i + 10 j } kNF3 = { 36 cos 30° i – 36 sin 30° j } kN
= { 31.18 i – 18 j } kN25SUTRIMO
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EXAMPLE (continued)
Summing up all the i and j components respectively, we get,
FR = { (9.642 – 24 + 31.18) i + (11.49 + 10 – 18) j } kN
= { 16 82 i + 3 49 j } kN= { 16.82 i + 3.49 j } kN
yFRFR = ((16.82)2 + (3.49)2)1/2 = 17.2 kN
x = tan-1(3.49/16.82) = 11.7°
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Sample ProblemSample Problem
SOLUTION:
R l h f i t t l• Resolve each force into rectangular components.
• Determine the components of the• Determine the components of the resultant by adding the corresponding force components.
Four forces act on bolt A as shown. Determine the resultant of the force
• Calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
Determine the resultant of the force on the bolt.
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Sample Problem (cont’)p ( )SOLUTION:• Resolve each force into rectangular components.
275427800.759.1291501
FF
compycompxmagforce
9.256.961000.11001102.754.2780
4
3
2
FFF
• Determine the components of the resultant by adding the corresponding force components
1.199xR 3.14yR9.56.96004
14N314tan .Ry
• Calculate the magnitude and direction.
14
adding the corresponding force components.
1.4N1199
tan .Rx
N6.199i
N3.14
R
1.4
sin28
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