#1l!( ?u~11c ~ork$ straus, o:,f:-: - super-scenic
TRANSCRIPT
92..
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I (- "
! OctC'b~'r 17th, 12ll
j~ ~£t:t111S ~i 11{;Old in tl~2 Orfics of ~em:tor" Byrd ~r
Vi rL': nil! tC' ci~cur.s the )rc?o~e(i"J.frJi.wai oonrr'~-ct1ng" b;6 l1'atl'_nnl P... ~\~s, . ." .
t!w [l1C!1i.w";o ...n N~ t1.<.ln~l Park I;.l1C the ilno~ 110 \Ult u.l nliu. tionc.l cJc;. rk • .... ....... ..: ~ ~ 'II ," c: .... ' . ' "'.
Pre:::ent 'i'.Cr~1
-- _.. ~.-.
~6li[.tor n.~ R. Reynolds of 1'oirS C.. rollna
t:enotor, byrd ot Virginia,,
Mr. ArttO E. CbJn.'!1erer I I1 rf:ctor I Nationnl Park :"erv1 ce
Mr. Conrad V.1 rth, AS51.bt~nt ti I'Ector, Nst1c:p4:' Pal'k ~c'rv1 c. o • ',_.~. ,
Mr. Thcr.!::s H. Mc..cr'onu..ld, C:llef, Eurr;:DU .:i! Public Read.
\{I'. George L. fWdc11rre, Dlrec'tol",' Region #1l!( ?u~11c ~ork$ Adm1nl~tr~tlor
'Ir.' theo~orti-;-r. Straus, ::embi:',J\dVlsory' B0'7.:.~ci;,rtegion~-Pio~"'PUbl1c'''orks. ~, Ac~ln1st:,.:.;.t,1on.' . O:,f:-: '
Mr. Joseph Kircher, Regional t~~'cstcr, Eu~t~iri:Roglon. For ~t forv1c~
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Yr. H. r:. ~)i.shop, Chief, ['lv1~lon of Con~truatlon, Bur, au or Public l\oads
rep!' rent1n;
V1rgin1u corr;,r:;1 tte13:
Colonel .Tnmc5 J.,. Anchrcon, Public V.orks .Admin! ~ tr~tor for Vi rgin1a
~ t;~ te ,senator Hunter 1.l111er', Bc(:t'ord, Vi rg1D1a
jir. F. c. V:.....tts, Lynchbul'g, Vlrgin1.a
r1'. '''1100':' A • .Nelson, Univcreity, Virginia
lire \'. G. £!1l1t~, f\o~~ke..t -!.!.rginia_
Mr. 1 • .;. Li;"~~Jr'r, ~rlstol, Virginia
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9h ,:drn::Ln, bt;,;.te High'ha.y CC:':''1li~.l(1n, :,r)r f>'nting uov",rnor E:1rlngh:;',us, .~rc':3n~boro, !;. C.
Ur. C1:::rle~ flu tchlns, Y~ncey County
Mr. V80rL"~ c';f.J..n, ~bYO:' c:;:~ :~i1:.t:')n (:ul~;r:!, :,:t::1~;n' r;f Lj~,',,-:, A,:'Ii. ory ~'J':'~.I..~c.. , ~ :..:~.~~~~ ~ll)rICS
~r ...T,.,tn M.. [,.'VL:.lle, ~.~c:nb'r L:~:;'~E: lic'visory LJo: rd, Pul.Jlic "',)rk~,
FayettevillE, r~. C.
, ve
t .~ :: G t .. t t. e
t.h<, u0vr "'r. -'nt . n".... -' • , ' ..... • 1,. ..
or....
of 'fJ3.y ~r. wL.tcil the' scenic :11gm,::;,y i:, to be b1J1:t "iLL be tran~rerred
'.. 1.tho;;: ;:0~-t lD thfl Fed~r~l \lovcrtment. Yo" ;J<·rh3.~:: kn(''f,' tiwt torty
:ni l'.:::f of thi s ro:.d ~l.lS a1 rcacy -Deer. con~truc-f;f"C, ar:~ d'..l€ tc the k1nd
0-::::5 cf.' '!r. CIlJl:':lE'rf::r ane. the ~)ark ce"!"Tice a )revision h!3s been made _ .....".
!C)r sL:t1" add!tlo~:~: .-::U.es J .'l~ln·g': tot~Ll 'o't 'one 'hundred mil.:s' of
~~~~~<i.~~,!_v-,--",!_~~_~t.~_~~cDor.~ld._ __~~'::~.!'I w~~ot .til(:' Bureo:u'~_~~E_~_~.~ :. r.d
<...::'f: "112':-8 tod ..y to c.Avlrc 'S8.ye. ••rld 'ce<.:ns to Ct)1iSUmBta t:'~1.~~ [;!, ~'. t nr" j€:'c~~
,,0 rId.
t',,· dnF·pcst lntc:~·(::t ~_,s h:..~ thc, ~ccrf::'\;:'ry oft!le Interior, and ""f' :ll.'.VC
a lLfinite propo~a.l tor tl-:e r!1oney to be B '~rc?riated for t:'li.s 'l"Oject.
M.,.. Ch&lrm.an dne B !1tlcr.len: &en ... t"r Byrd i::- r' t!f: r OVE-r
'::nr: 1)[ tho outgro, ths ~r a. cor,V( rs<:t~on th:t :'1:.':' token :~:';_ce'1th
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inte~e~ed, and with Mr. Radcliffe ~nd Mr. Strau~ or tl~ Public Works
Adm1n1strs.t1on, and nUlIE:rOUIi othe~ 1nd1Y1d\lal~ MVe alre-o.dTtaken p~rt
in bringing into a rather der1n1~t'conoept thL. whole idca,.'t; I should
be the ls!t-to claim any pertonaJ. credit tor~e idea as actuallY it -,'
seeaa tome tast unccrly1n, this ;1l'Oj.~1.- Cl\8 neaess1V'\tcr"prov1~e, ,
·or rather to make available, oertrUn tac,111\1I\G.lIil1ch. we haye.. and to
which webave not in the Pl1~~ giVeD- 81 muoh .....ht &.8 I thiQk ',",re " ~- e
just1fied in g1v1na. .'. ·~~ ...··.··,r ~
,; ....e rind thnt thiIJ _h1&h'aq, tor ~X'tU2lpl.,.· runs through the
Eouthel'll. .ot!~ te.s 'Where the f;UlD!1t1: cond1 tion'-18l!\t tor lon~per1od8 Vr'Y'7
d1ff1.eal. to)'~poople to liye unl1er -and 'lo,ab6'qt their daily lIOt'lt for , '
the n~ber. of hours eTery day ~h1ch are now D&Ce~s~lY to earn e 11T1Di,
and "e have in these lIlounthln8 an opportunity- -tor 8 break in the . ~
monotony of hot day s and hot n1ihj in a coole% climate und more
invigor~t1Di atmo.phera tor avery larce number ot people who liTe
w1ttUD ea.y driving d1st~nce of the road.
The Government n~s, OYer. lOD, ~riod or ye~rf, as a
national .,o11cy, developed md ma.de' llTl\11able , to ,th~ people of the
country great P3.rke existing le.rlely 1n the Vle£l.t. 'or the people of
the Ea~t ~ U2e these "~t1onul Parks anc Rational 'ore~ts • lonl trip
Only 'recently ~8 the foderal Oover~ent 88 8 policy
turned tov,ard the deTelopment or tne lot1onal Park. and Nu tiona!
'orests in the F;.£tern p~~rt or the country, which do not h!lye p~rh8pl
the :
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stand?oint, but do h3ve tnc advonta6e of lying cl~fe to l~riely
populated centers. It seeEll:l 1 t wou~d be , only nnturs..l th:lt .. 1.t -..
develo) a b..lghYe,:, or th1d c~u~.racter, we ,,'Ouldtlav& 1 t used 'by a Dumber
of peo9le that 15 porh.i&~S no't: beyond our com"l'e~ens1on. I think t.lJat
the ~:.\r~ ·L!'rTicEt. and c-:rt.dnly ou.rsel:t€'.,~~l ~grie ~1i"'-t .,.hen the ._.
h1gh'to·~Y \\"C:.B' ~~L.rtec 1n the fhen6.odoah Park we had 11ttle conception ot
~he 9:'Ol',.)rtlon o~ ~hQ ~ubl~c tl.at would ey.1C:aoQ8 inter tt in a re ad"'aT• : \ J ..
to U::l it l'ElS JtHlt $nothor road, anothf'T h1ghwa~, that 1I3S to Of turned "
into the ~at1onttl Pork, but peepla ieijl~ to 1"iJ1d grt::~t relief when 'they ,
tum to,,'a.rd theb31ght., - 1n WI elisa t'lenty.J1ve hundred it not
a01'$ in t1e1Iht. It 11VG. them a trE!t.n~ou.:;ar:')reo1lit1on .Qt the Park,
~nd 10 I taiDk ~~ have a great benefit to b.~deriY~dlof.~ v€r/ l~rle- . . .
number or people thrOU&h th13 tievelop3lent of 'Q~rj3 of' this ohar~ct~r. _I.......
there 18 i1e r ~lc.l> 6 scmc:\\hat or &. change in our 09.ncept ot the value of.. ' ,
recr.a.t1~lliU tflcl11ti'j5 ti:w.t ill otferee by a ~F..,.elopmQ11t ot this k1nd
ttwt 1s th~t people c~n ~~k~ 3 t~ip tor • ~.~e~d, ~ n1ght, or ~ ~eek.
or fer ~ longer pfriod, una be tr~Y.11ng 1nto ~ De~ country, MOft
peCl;ile €:.r:= UQt able ofter: to pick u;:> the !c:Zl11y and iO to the
1ellollst0.:1e 01 :lcoLt1Ulte, ('~t uE-re it Ywc!l-d be pO~f,lble for- t~:E'm to
I eo not
sure but whut in tbe tu tu r' .!!lome of t 116 be 5 t th1n05! we do tor hUI!ls.nlty
will consl~' ot JUt:!t this Bort ot thin. - 1;><:.d1ng i'eopl~ into a higher
al t1 tude and gl v1ng them tbp r1 ght kirld of sarroundlnga tC' off :··et
the enervating lntlu~ncef ot t!~f' lO','ler alt1 tudes.
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No., &5 tenii~or byrd hal' r.ai":i, this proj ect fortunately
or ule National ror8st area: tor ~ome four huncred mile£ a~ outlined . ,
on ti:i~ :-:Hlp - as &.n idea rather thbD al any ~At project. TLt.18 provides
in Vlrgin1'etor about 1:9~ ltl!.~'~ total o~ ·Gov~u;im{.nt i~ftd,Jund 'le4 ~(\t"
on Gov~rnm6nt land. ~ :. .. '!
Senator Byrd' Dol'.S tll~ t include the add! t!onal 100 m11ss'
Mr. MacDonald: I:es. In Tennessee t~u 8 "o'uld m~'an 92 1!l11es on ~ ,t;
GoVtrnxGnt land and 19 not on Govc~nmeDtlan~, a tot~l length or lO~ !!li l~ni Hnc for BljrtH Ce-r::--11r:a cbm;t 14.0 zt:1.1e3. The c~nc6pt 8S it
. . . ~ ~.,.,., r "~ • .. , .' .. ..
'J, z t,,{. [" e(: Ol~ t;:.1 s ~t:.rti cular nap, hoYieycr, is tilerely an 1cea, and to l' .
in~lc~tc tt.e av~roxl~~te general lin6, When Kr. £pellman ~~tt K~tt1ne
;l't the !Uuf)s togi3thcr ane:; ~fike~ ~bout the loct..tioD he ~t~\ted he thought
proo<Jbly the 1"1 cst sho'idng that should be muce on the lJIap 'W('Iuld bE.' to ,
draw lLpproxi!!l.Cltcly a strb.lght line bElt1geen the\.
t7.0 ~ark:! as be1l.'.g the
I
t_
S:lortest dif:tanco bctl':ceIl 4 ~ ...,.- ,.,.
too pclntl3 ~no t!.cI1 fo11c'l\' .\
,dth the ..
proposed ., f
~
line of the highwlly "hart: it 1r ;>I"fh:tical to do so. ';'
am not cnthusl~~tic about the ;1roJosal to 'bu! I~ tr\(i~ rO::J.d
l::.S !. toll roed.
other income t:wt co\,,;ld be obt:..>.lned :r:)!:l the operation or thEt road to
{JenU t r.. c;:;n!id~rQ.ble pi:J.rt of tile t1nancini to be ct:.rricd by the return
tn.:lt 'Io'Ou1d come to the Government trom the. OYer a lone; period ot time.
'1',') mE,; t.uch &. highway "cu~d stimulate travel 1ntC' thE Gre~t
~:lC'lc:r N:.:t1onb.l P~rk, and lI'OJld lt~~d the: people ..:10 ar(' touring the
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~henLndoW1 P.;rk IntC' t:lf" South':::-n area:; and into sections of t:!~ country
that h&ve D0t ~eeD a~.l ~~plored ~n6 h~ve not participated in thp benefits
of the touri.!t t;'Avel. I think the same thing ap;)11 c 5 to the are::. of
The f'i rst fundny - or pOf-s1oly 1t ~'as the: ~ocond Sunc:ay
. ,. o'clock. We heQ had d1nn~r 1n the Pork c.n(~ wh11~ \"e wer£! hungry cUd
not th1.nk 'It! v,Quld ",ant bnyt>lng r.nt'l'e thM .." ·~rir.d~ieh, c.nd had to
dr1v~ ull th~ woy to Llttl~ W~~h1niton to r1n~ Bo~.cne who had ao~e
bl'e~d lett. ~e hbC to ~ct alc~r out of th~ Perk area to get
'. .,. . I de oct kno'.. t.llr.t tilPre 1s ~k !Dm'e thl t I . OWl ~ay:·
~ . . about tals ~roJ~ot~ Senator Byrd, except'tnLt 1t wouLd repr~sent,
it com,j)leterl, L1. v€;ry clot..:. CfJ,pLrat1ve etto'?t 'bet;te. the Governmont
a.nd the (tates affected. Of course we wotil1!' expect the Stij':::e H1gh'!'.~ -, .
Departments t~ c&rry a oonsiderable ~art of the burdeD. Up to the
pre££'nt t1t:e &11 the "ork th.... t hl1ll been done 'in the Shenandoah
N~ tionel ParR, for th': 4r ml1"1 ~ ~1 rr~o<tl bo'!ft, hs~ "l"e['J"I::!f&ntec! a
total ex~end1ture ot ~bout six nUD~rcd thouaand dollars.
Ho"\' l!!uch mor~ 1s (Fa11~bl."
11 1". Mac Dona.ld: I de not recall- the exact amoQDt. About two
million dnllfir~ is aV~11able.
little more thUD one n&.1t l!\illlon dollars and we 1':111 ~ev~ tC' add
to th::~t surr~clnl, ::lbout a c:::uylp ot thcuaand !Dare, - ubout
Tr.e nUl!1bcr ot people th.:'.t 11111 be llccor.'.:i'.o~G.ted on thut
ror~J mile ~ect1oD already bUilt, ~d accommo~at~4 cont1nuouIlr
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I t!'.ink it 1-111 : e u:,:--: winter as '..ell ;,;s !Ul!llI1rr - ~,o t.~:;;~ the numb~
ot tJ'':0plp within (:rlving c\i::tl.~r~ct? of thl!1 ~r.rk'Jay \":he'e t~ley would U£E
so~e p~rtg of it ulmost ~ontinuoully, ShO~Ld ~ak. possible a lo~er cost
tor the lncl1v1dual u£ine; t:~1.f f· el11q•. to!~,·~+C~.r1;f ro:~s.1n~he--4'. ... .,; .:- ••,...". ' . ' .. .~ - 1'. ¥ • , '. '. ..
~cst h6ve <'itout tv;o huncrC:ld Teh..icles per d6y in ccntlnuoua tr"fflc,
a gooc sizable ",ruffie, but \',~ sl::lcul( !lave (;; tret'!cndous .t~ arfic on a
~"JrOJ ~ct of thi~ kind becau~. it 1 E continuous to t>E;ople.
Len:::t.orDyrdl 'l':~~r'c is on€ (uestlr..m I v.ouid l1kr: to ;;~'k you. You eu~·
the pp"~ent torty miles nus cost· about $;24,000 a mile. \thy do you
est1rt&.te t4.0,OOO on tne nefl part' II it ,!,~re .. ~·xp~n~iY~ construct1on?
J(r~-MacDo~a.li,r~ £cnator Byrd, t.1e e!tl~.b.te or $40,000 if r:.ore nearly \ • <L_. I
",~lI.:lt ~e believe the road .ill nctually COEt and .'_' do not wish ~o , .~ r;·
uDdere£ti~ate the ~roJect. Th~i ~e have round produotlve of more .... r ....
criticism - to lead people to be11eve ~n,undertWt1ng of tll1. k1nd n .,
could be put t hroui!l on a lOY.'er cost, p.nd then deer tbe 2lUM'eya Lt1'9'e . . I;
be~n mode we have to .") bt.ck ond f.c.:.y we coul&\ltot do 1 to tor thr.t .'. . , umount. lie do not believe the staDe ard. used in the fhC'n«:-ndoah
ft. ought tc t...,ve s
tla.t road. . "'e f;urvayed thlit rose. y.lth the l<!ea of building h torty
mile road.
E:enator Reynolds! "hat 1~ the ndth ot the ro:.::.d in the forty mile
)roJ eat'
Mr. ~~cDonaldr ~'hat "e cull Ol,;r 16 toot ftS-nc.:..rd. It \.::: ~ tiU "eyed
as ~o root in rldth. The Il~'" sect1C'n 1 s designed tor 2.:1 te€'t. ThrJ.t
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Se~~tor Reynolds:
Mr. ~acDond.ld: At Qainesville. T::i5 onl~1 Gtout forty miles from
\i .... f>hlngton. It is thirtj t~o ~11(s fro~ Gainesville to Fr~nt Royal, . '.
the northern entrance :0 t~C' ....srk, "'h1c'" is .1t'".1n e1xty five mIl"'!
of V'Bshington. ".
Senator Reynolcs: V:here doe~ t",e 100 mile stretch end" .J
Mr. MucDonalc.: it.t Spott~lIJcod. £enator Byrl, h~,vlng you a~y cth('r'
c;ue:.tl:'r1s'
~ '. "~ ... ~. <i' . v, c is {~,.·._:l/ interc:.:t·~d '.~',.! tt.O~~ c)o;)f;rc.t1"c.
Mr. Ca~rnerert Of CQUrfe t 1~ 1s the first time I have c~er s"en . .1; , .
anything in th~ 'ay of a ro~d connecting t~o Bat10nal P~rks. I . '
nave not uad an o~iJortunity to consult the bt~cret~ry on this, but ;-' t ..~
I u~c€rstand you said h( i~ v(ry much in fC:l.v~r of it. I do not
~ CP. how nnybody cou:'C:: objE:ct tc a l)Q.rkwl::L] co'wection between t';.'o ~ . .' I~·· '.'''1\
Pa'r\:S. Mr. MacLJonljld h~£ :nentioned tr~e r ..... et· tr! ... t fO vcry ie.,;~ 'ot \
the rn~t •.'rD. pec~l('; hLve t',e C!i.W1Ce to SCf: th<; V,€stF.rn Pr:rke. Tn1s
~e have ~. ~ut four
!!lillion visitors to t:H:J ~.(:':)~J.. rn P<.l'kf, L..nd <'ibout three million ot"
t:leC'": coo.e 'from the L.J;'-cd1a t '2 surrounding section. It t:kes too
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PGrka by the ~evcrul St~tes W1d of t~le cont1nuatio;, of Parka by the
Federal Government. He !poke of the e~cellent road built In the
tJhcnandoah Parle b; the Eu eau of ,t'ubllc Road., but did not agree that
the proposed 'p~1rk"ay should be a speec road, wtrl.ch 'Wou:'c er;e(.~\1r<;ge ita J .....
usr; by trucks, and so forth, when lc his Op1D10D 1t ~ould be primcr1lr .. .....'
tor tnur1 sts. He su~&e!lted it "lc')l~ be a 10C'd 1dG~ tv il~v. the. -,.... . ~".' . .. ~
~.. .., • Jo
Lmoky 'M.ount<iln road '0 around on both .ide., -.k1n~ a t~rm1nue, but this, .' .. . '. I. • ~ ,"'. I. ..' '~"':':." .;:
ms:te-r that 'would have to be '9Jorked ou~. Kr. Ca.'lmlerer .• ~ .. ~ 't!."' "'::. . ( "., ....
called attention to the - ,vcorge Yi~sh1ngto'n B~ :tl1J81 in (!,oqne~tlon .,1 th
the bu1lding ot the :,roposed P2.rkway to -r3S,h1,P,i.tOrl" _~~~, said .~e ",0".J1:~
like to see the Parkway continued to the Cajl~tal City, which 111 tile . ". . .. . . :- -; '", ' . -~ .' . "'
.g8.tefi_'Y.,.~O 't~,~rgin1a, BOI't~ C8r:j~lna allld. t~,~se,..; l!~,~a.ld he 'l\oul\l
like to see Euch a roAd con~loct as much as po,~ble, if ,1 t 18 pO~31ble, ~' i:":_. .•
with the ,re~t 8oenic6.nd historic ;»laces -+on. tho way. 'Kr. C~erer-., . - -' :
ia1d he thought such n ro~d .ould be very~~,~e~ h~re in ,the ~ast
and that 1 t lia~ much nec-ded. He spoke of _~~ .lr.'33t popullJ.tlon eastot
the MIss1861ppi that ~ould bp. t~ke~ c~re of ~~~~ the ~stablls~ent ~ , "
of £~~b. s.iar,J"."cg. He ~L'.1.d tllairE: &!'tl alr~aq 1IOt" .. v1sitol".I(l"'1al''1nto
the Nat1onalPark.n in the l:.Liitthli'n ~~~.e e,v~r,..,e:,(pectf'd, b\;.t t/1..t theT .. . -..
were not all yet, prepared to tcke care at the~ b~c~u8e ~ley could not
prepare ~ dngle acr~ ot ground for. public U~e unt~l ~l~, rurk. ~ere turned
over to thea. Mr. Cammerer exprf1ssed the opinion th~t t:H:."te "uS nothing
that would do so much tor the ;>eople, or 11...e them mor~ plcl'.Bure,
whethe r they had t\;O days or tv.o 1fedtll to spend •tilu'e, than the No.t1C'nal
He ::.ald such a PerkwLi.Y 31 th t proposed would Dot only beneti t
the po;>ulat1oD of gre!lt F,~~tE-rn ci ';1el! 8uch n! Washington, tal timor.. '
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rhl10del )hla ene N~w Ye rk, but also open up the country to SUC;l 01 tira
6LS C18T..L~iDd, Cinclr.lnatl and oth~Jl4. itl 'tl:e m1dJle 'e~t.'
Senotor ~Yl'd: f!e h(ive wi en ~s ,Mr_ RLidel1tfe, C<GglC'nal C1rii¢!;or
or $\lb.lla lso~·k~. I[r- H",dc11rrQ,l1e ',,111 be'TtirY ttad to'hil.ir 1~ro.
"", -!t.., .105 • L .'.
~r. Eo.~Q:1trfH tei4£Ltor Syrd tinG Itntl8m~lu't1 "bAYe' not ma.de any
pc-rl,cnal ,:;tUGy of the a1 tua.tion.', Iha". ·be~t'llVleniel'i"~1tit~r."'et~d ..! j ""'", •
ever "inca ILve ·CJe(';D' Realonal jdvl,cr, endfh'he been very l:1uc$ ~ • • • ) <
1nt( r~:(ted ill .hat I haTe h (;.r~ in re,~.rd to·ttJli~'proposea plt1tl.. 'l't; c'o not know of Jln)~ project involv1DI .(;Vfl-t'{,,],"'e~ateli'I!~ :ih1s' ~oe.
-..b1-eh -t.~1 't4' D6VE: met With 'V:cre i!pt.rly "tl~tI10US a;>,roTll1. I think
I em proLe."ly 'QOnserT~'lve in th1!. "X th1nk·:~" '~, -af With 'entIre. '"' .....
Cicou'ra~ I t.sve Dot h~:..rd liny obj~ctlon to it,' alth('lulh Yfe 6r€ not
t~111ar with th~ pl&n6 ~x~cpt 1na thn~~al ~'~
I .~&nt to 'say as Regional Dlr.c~~ 1 will ~e d~ll~htad
to tr,v to aor.x along on 4~ pl~ne jh1eh ar. lurtable In r6&~rG to thlf r.3~i'~'t.nd tr;t to 1!o rrl b!t. .. .. , ,I "T ~~' ..~ '" ...... ~~ \,...'
Mr. StraUE 1s 8s6ocl~te~~1~h mees • memh€r ·army
Adv1~cry Boare. '~t~ve aCJ~t ten men ~n Baltimore wnc ~r~ ~1T1ng
thp.1r time 55 volunteers - eneinaer8 - laY/ers - &n~ bU5in~8~ men
~ho a;~ giving their tim., and who I am sure I can count on tor their
coopcr::..tloD in reg!lrd to anythine .-. may do as tar AI itil! fjr.'f!1ble
- :"1 ~.
~.':;.te;:: ~un fom tll~lr C0,r-1ttef5, ~r.o f).:-.ve ti RegioDsl Ac.~vitiol" :t
t:1C h'Ld, I thln:-t you ~dl ~ bet further t11~n if yOIl h:;Vt- JUft C'n€
!uch te!11nc t:1t .,roject, fO rJ.'1 !5ug~('"·tlon to E.4l!l1utor Byrd is to form
Q ;Jlvn or. t~.L t Kh::o" .stll:,:ctiI.l1 the fi1!.QlI.aj' lng,1ncr.ers ort1tht- Lt,.M~~
of tnt:.; Hlgh'l.a.y D~})urtnentE tram f .. :ch t.t£.te to serve on the Committee •
.£ SU bb ' ~t tn:·t tnt' l.iov~rnors ~:"lpoint the Coi!:m1 trees and tt~en work in
coop~ratlon ~1th tho~e lntnrcsted. I rn1,ht ~uJ 116nt to thsnk Mr.
U~cDon~ld ~n~ Mr. ~pellm~m for the ~ork d0ne in furnlsh1ni the ~l~.
t:eos.tor E/rd: r'e r.ould like to n<:'&.r trom g, reprr;;~entcttlve at North
Carolina, Een~tor Reynoles. ,r
E~nator Reynolds: Yr. Chairman, it i~ ~olte unneces~~r1 for me to
tell you anc these gentle!!l.en who hi;ve bs~embled here hoy; much 1 ~~
1ntEr~~ted in thl~ mutter. I want to say Y:e have ~1th us f1{'re ton·)"
L. 3. J~rfref:a. 00 y.··~t(.rcr..y I iUld occ'~~lon to t~lk. with him
:-1 -rtoln1!1g tc tni~ r;"!(:,etlng, t1n6 he llkev:1~f' 1s Vf.'!".' vlt:~lly Int(.r"Eted.
in it.
Carolina thct n1~ in~~r~~t is ~lth us.
r ~CL ,)~ rtJ ,;ul::rly intcrc:oted 1r. thl~ ~roJf:ct 'eC:'l'J:ie I
"t "'n~' "'.- t 0 s all "" ..., :: pCrAa.R1TE:r we hUTe • ..J ~ L '.
I believe that about seventy live .
~ercent ot the po?ulatlon of the
Onited f,ta~&s 1s within a motor ride or fourteen hour! to the . . ',.'
entrance or tnia rcrk. I be11eTe .further that the greate:t
industry 1n i, ;, \ ~"ri.
the• ~orld
.. is: llct the ~J,~~ J~/. AA.~Cl,DoOll•••
w ~ ....,.. • '. • ;, .. I : ~ •
tile ~". > f'
steel, tile mill or ,the ~b:;.. cco ,1ndusti-y.but'~,.• ',[~tlf1t1C! "'ill _now , . " -.., , .,' ... --.,:'~; '. ..... ;'
.. '"
Y.ou th~t the ll,:='~e8t" 1ncustry on G£l.rth ',1' th~iJ~;Ur18t 1nOustl7.,
~f'; I '~ not,.m1t~:tak.en.j.~.19~9, tOllo.wed, by .~~#i ~8 ~1;r1ca. ',~'l ~ :"
, , . .."'. .... ...." I'i
~?Ur1stB sp.eD~. at ~o,me, ~nd a proad; £?me~~"~·_~.~1e.:tJ.Y~bil11on';~~ ." . . . . \ . . .. '. .'
·~ollfl.r8. ,In ).{1~9 IUld 1930 ~tatiJt1o~w11~ iho.fi J!1ore money ,us :> , ••"' ~ ", " ., .•. \. . I :' '.' . • r •• , ~ ~. ,'- ..... : ! ..~•. "' ,... of.f,·' '.' ~i '
,":.E)Xj).~d,.~,l~ .i£~Ye~ t.e,~~: ,4U.ltomob1le lBap'·'~"'I!-I~l1np.~Anf :and., '
.·.Y~r1o~.£aPt~>.~n~ry oth,C!rf;' '1ntere~ted ,~'to~~~~j; ;~rt\v81 than In''\,:,
·.~?,tl1e~ ~~:,' in. the Dnlt~d ,,~l~~e~p~;'.,~ri;f.~:.. la, wnnt to get, • " • ," • ' ,'. & ." ~ •
these touri$t. 1~, Vir,1niu., Tennes,ee andBor~b "Carolina. I tor ~ <'~" , '.. . . ~ , . J ~J~f' ,'.' ':-, ,.~ "~'- .
'~ne ~ant ~o exte~d t~ Mr'. M:.;cDon~~ ,~~artt~:J.t ap~)rec1atioD cf ~~. • • '.' . .' : . . I.
what he has pono to l'H:lp th1~, U10De, ~ j,~ ,1•.~DlY b~11e~ ;th~t '. ... '.-'" ~ .' .. . '. -.'
.~Te7.oD.c.,~ho7 lit s wi thio the sClIbd .-1#,," 701.",15 al.O ·a~eG'".UT9 ./
~t Mr. lI.l.&cDonald t9r 7:reati~ ~.5. 1dea,as .~.U ~l, oihf:ra who liTe
,,1 thin th& three ~tateB throuih which thi. h1gh~ay 1'111 puss. I
belleTf:! it "'ill mean a Ireat de&.l to lIorthCaro11na anc kno. it "111
m~eB a great ceal to Virginia, and 11k.wi,. our f18ter Btute ot
!ennes:ee, ~nd I belieTe I haTe ~le priT11c.e here today - that i.
to ~EJ.Y the right to express my idea, EiAd our Com:.~1lif;1onert8 idea,
.~nd the Gov~rnor or Berth Carolina's lde~, in s~y!ni we all ~ll
i 1Te you, 'Senator Byrd, all the coopere.t1on lie pozsibly c~. The
.oonr 'f.e call ~Ut this into t.ctual Jrogress to.~rd the t.Telopmen'
-1~
of th1£ 5~"to 600 miles of h1ghi'!&yi "
the bettpr it will be tor our
, " nation and the South.
.. .' .
ofJportuni ty ofty.iJt'es~1ng my 1nt~rct-t 'in thls ..tter. . . ... ~. :, .;
8p'nt'tor ,Eyt'd: 'Mr' Jerfress, lilt lI9~ltG like ~ beap':rJ'oll ybu. .:. "
, " Mr. 'Jeffress' e'xp·~ess.'a 'bi! 'lntef~'!;'t"a~d the'de.e1reot
the fHgh':a.y COII•.:J!8S1oIi' or" Borth d~'roil~a:tc'i,~6)e'~~tt'(f. ' lIe~;: ,., ~ .,.' .' , .. [ ... ' ..' . . .
sugie'~tedt~ ho'~ev~r ,tha't' the highT-ay run; di"~lctiy ".~uth trom Boarioli'e' . to the Ji~rtb CRr~lin. fln:.~ ,md tollow ~e'c~8t;otth~B:iue'RldJlr.~!q'
to th'~ 'po1ntwbc~e the Blue aldce'.'tijrn. ea'et~~'xand from thf!r'-aroun~ by Mount 'Vit~~h.il in'to A8heTl11el:~d 'by' W~111. 'into 'the ",., ~. ;
smOky'vo'untaln 1'~tion&.1·P~rk. ' 'the '~etum rtute ~"ould'~;e' fro. th'(;'
ll'est~h~ ent"~&noe' or the '&noki llonnta1n Ja't101rtii': P&rlr, thro ugh' .j: : "
Teune;5ee'to Bristol aDd back into thero~d ~at'·'Roanoke. Mr. '(
Jertres8 r.ald if thll! "sre done 'a' looddeaI""~r exoellent r06.d -,
already bullt"ln North Ca!"Ollna' couid be utlliied. 'He aiso stated
he .atvi:'tj iltch "in f3yc1' 'dfcxt~D('UftI 'the ~n-afttwIt7 ~e "'nshfDg~OD.4\·o; ,
beaDlltor Byrdl' Do€~ &.ny;)D-o. t!lFf! r'ro~ Ro'rth'C~lino ce~l T't! to '1\ake
," ' : ~'. ~ ~ " ?'.. _.il st..·teme11t?
Kr. G~7n:' I want to !ay a ~ord fGO COnlr~!Eman r~ughton. 88 lives
on tha top of the Blu~ Ridge wher~ this 'roposed routp v.ou~d r~ach.
ae does not let his mail on S1Jn~llY an~ has 'DO tel.;>hon~, ;..Lnd tid not
receive 'notice of this meet1na until possibly &ometl~e Von0~y.
In a lone telephbn8 conTer~;at1on with him he a'eked 1:& to 1i:.)N? 8S UpOIl
you geDtl~m8D hi. regret at not beiDI her6. Be s&14 be w~s with you
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on~ hunc1red percent unG h~)p':'d t .. ere .o'J~d n Jt be ucy .:.cvr1':' t! c.ction.
lie cO~) ~d not be ht::re and regretted thi, veri much • • " "l"
f". • \. ~. ",.
Mr. ~Hge: ~enator Bailey i5 very much lntcr€~:.e~. He regrets he 1s
unf'ortunutely unuble to be pre~ent today.
f:cn;~tQr Byrdf lie 1t Tt', :"_ff.Dte~ tt tJ., ~~;rf'~ .,ry. ~ bellC've the t ~ , 1· , ", 0' ~ 1" '.", f. .' ., "')' .:~.';, .
. t .' . ..," .J
Chairman of tnt; Cl1gh"t.y Coc..::1a~1on otr.;,r.ei:ee '1~ rlth us. ',. (;'. _ . . :~ ::.•~'j i-t- ".-;: .\ ~'.. :,' '. I,.! '. _~". ",,' ;.~
Mr. Goets £~1d he h~d been deleiatcd t~ repr~sent the <. 1._ ',)1. ", .......>t '-to ."l.;' ~'-.;'.~''''''~"}''/'''' }:~. '0'
&tate H1gtl~ai Con:ni ssion otTenr.'es: ee 'and t~ express 1ts '!nterrirt • • ~. '.,;..' .• . .' ... '".: .'1 -~, ).. ( ...
He 61ao said the Governor ot 7e:.ne~~e• .ou:d coo ~'('rate, a'nd !leiJld ~-~~'~'J'tf"'" ~, ..... ,. : __ , . -:..
the Comol~.s1oD 'ttou:'d do cvcry'thing in the1r,'~)o",er.' lie agreea ldth
·Kr. ;~rfresst plan 0.5 b{;ln~ ~'b~ttcr ~~~hg t:l100Uah Te'_n~e~ e.e.'
sen~~~~ ~~dl lo\\', Gentlem~~, we ht~T~·:~~ ~':'TC a' 'met:lod c( g~inl~: ~': -nhead at once. I wunt to make this sU&ie~tlon tor YO'Z con!1deratlon
•. ' ~'\ ,.' ' -i' ~ .. <, • . •
th~t we have a gener:..tl committee with Mr. Radclitfe -a.s .it, Chairman. ",' l,,:." ,
The reason I 8ugge~t Mr. R~dclltfe 1E thLt he is the man trom whom t~l. .
we must 60t the money. The re~t of the oomm1ttee I ""oul(~ suggP~t
.' ,("
cs con;)osed of Mr. MecDon&ld. enid ot <t~e Bureau of Public ,ho.r:.c' •• , ,
Mr. Cac~er~r, D1re~tor of Jatlonal Parks, ~d the Ch&lrm~ of the • I .' • I, " ~ r ~, >., '.~ , .' . , ~.•
~ '~ate Higin;lL:f CommIssions or the ftate, ntfected - Tennessee, North •
C,c,rollnL. and Virg1nia, 'lthlch CO::l::.lttee. will have general ch.:;rge
of the proJ ect.• Then I think the Governor of the respective
£tates shml .... d b(' Esked tc dPt)olnt a ::)(;c1&l cC;;1!!lltt.?€ of live
troo F.~ch ft~te, t~e sub-com~1ttee £i~~ly to work ~itn1n the borders
or its respectlvt; St .. te. I recogn17e the srent Imycrtanc~ of this
ceners.l cort'.L1ttee. It 11 rttc.lly important to the Ettes to h:..ye
(/
-15
a pro~:cr loc£:.t1on of tl1e rOile, and I knoli' of no i'D-frer method the.n
to hu.ve Mr. Raccliffe, Mr. l{£JcDonald, Mr. 'Cemmerer, and the Chelrmsn
of the Hlgh~ay CO~Ci!L1on. on th~ general committee,
Mr. Fa~c11t're: I am ae111htcd tc attempt.acytbingyou gentlemen•
• ..' I. ." L o • ~.DY"i.7 . AI healon&! Di.e6t0rl\JJli be late~eLt~ln the wor~
and .111 t:r'Y to do .J>hiJ.t I c~~ 1n cODl'1eet1oD·,w!th"lt.
1n any of th~ three 6t~te••. and thut aa, be'snobJoction, bUt lean
8fJe rel1S0DS "by 1twould be advisable tc.tt,·bp 8. general co~I"~~ , ''-0,
.Senator Byrd: . I know I Bpeaktor all ot 'Us~hf:re ..hen I ex.pr~iJ the ··'=tv ,...hope th.~ lOU .111 &ccept the chairman.h1p.~~ r
. , ,Stn6.tot R~.l·~old8% ,e 1n~18t tfulthe acoept it. R~ 1~ unruest10nably
the proyer mQl. .'
S•.nato~ Byr~1 I ho~e you ientlem~n .111 ~rankly ex~re2f lour op1nioc
about my sUige!t1on. 11 youw,Ye a bette~one do not he*1t&te to
expre5S it. .W~ have to have someor8an1~atlon, os you know, tJ'work . .'
through. I wvuld like to heur trom lorth Cnrolina. ~enator . .:: / '
R~1nolda, do you approve the plan' , I
Benator Reynol~sl I do.
Sen~tor Byrd: »r. GQ~t8'
K~. Ooetsl I think your plans are e~t1rely satlsf&etory.
Ser;J.ator Byrd: If ti1t:'rO is DO 0 t,j action the motion ,,111 be in 0 (: el'
to name the members ot thi5 committee.
Kr. 1t1 tc~er: I ~rei're~ent the UD1ted St .... tee l'or~;st Ep.rv1ce, and t',l!
ro~d will go through three or tour of the lat1cnal ForeEt~. Thl:lt 18
- 18 "\,
I ~U.J)O~C it l"il~ ti!. ~t is s. ridge :"'OL!d tn'''. Clost ot t;H: mour.tt:llns in .' \ ".
th"it reg1or. ..,re ",1 thin the Ne.tlonal 'or-!~~ts. Kay I 5U!ge~t. t.!1uti you
pluc€ MaJor R. Y Stuart, Chief 'OT'6Stf;~, or tr ..ht cou.'.1ttee'.
S~nator byrd" I tn1nk thht a veri 1m~j(;rtG.llt sUG::;elltloD. . I am Borry
.I o~~'rl~;k~i'1-t' an~~ e3dt "7tt·T\'!·i7-\~\111'~i-·l.tSh&;Jhi~.e~t1en~·the ~ .~ .... ... , ..
motion is that a co~l ttee compo.e4 ot ~. fta~cl1tre, .chtdnae.ll,Vr.' . ... "... 1. "i)' L .. ~ i" ~ 'J' "..' :.... ..-. t\.,'l . .. ~ .
~~c~nal~, Mr. Cammcr~r~Va~or'stu~tf ,and ~o H1gh~al:Commj,.ion$rG ~ '\', ",. t.: ".: . ,\
of tho thrE'e·t:t~~tc'a bo -r.el~ct:td~·;: Ie as'" in~lude -1nth~ tU~' .-.otton' '-. '. " .. , .' -.' ,:. ;,. ,:1 .'~ .'." .. -, , ~.~
Vii th your perm! t;81on ~h&t the' GOT9ntorot each ttnte o.?p01n~rLt if
-
. ~, • ;""j . '. ~ .: ... -'" ,,~. . ~~., ,.:
C01W ttoe' of fi vo w1 th rec.yoctto local' ll6.tteri in the State,. ~'. ~:fh.~~, oJ"~_ :~'., ."~ ':":"''''.>~'':~ ~ .....; _,,; ..' _ -i' - , ... t t·,.;·~ .~,..,> .....
are n6t to be memb&~'s o! triE: ia4ert.'l cotl!ml. tt,:e•.
", . I~ the' motion lSecoH~~~:'(:tI .::~C'~~~, ',.
.' .. '4.(, • . ,'j' ~J .' ". ~. '~ .. ~. fr, .. .. fne motion VfTt£; ·l1ocOl!4'ed. ~ J~'. .,'< '. ;:
. '. >
Senator 1!yroi Is tllereany rt1~~~1·'~.CU~~10ri': 'It not-.~he Jlot1qn .' L • : '~ . " ;' ....~1· './'. ":,,,,-:, ...
~11l be adopted. , \.
•. .... ! .-;.
It w!.<tadopted. ' i ,.. ' ~ ... ',. /, . '; ,'.;,..'....',' .... ~, '.. .'
Lerlator BYl:d' No~ tlH' next th1l\!bet!'i-t u."l! to 'j.lr~!('>nt t"l t.he
~'3crete-.ry of t~e Intc-rlor a ~}l&..~, 5nd "1 . "o'lIc' like Colonel Anderson
to prcr.ent the ~lan h-: hus dt:·V'i.5ed.
Colonel Ancer~on: ~r. Chal~an, I ha~e been ~or~tng on th1~ project
tor sor:te doys Zln(~ !lL<V() ;1U r1 the ;>leaf.urc ot conferring with Mr. ~tiocDonald
6..D.d o,ther~ Inc:l.urlnt; t;H~ off1cial. ot the Regional Advisory B03~d .md
the 'r~~~te eng1n~('rs or North Carolina and 'fennes: t':e. It senJDS to J:18
t~ut not olLly vrh.:.t route \'e tcllow be laid down by thl~ cOLJudttp.€,
(
- 17 - ,
but th~,t also the method of tlnane'ing should prob~lb11 be lett to the
fH11'1e cor.un.1 tt·, e.
Antlclputlng difficulty ~ prepsred three plans, two or •'. <J .
which we do not think an;rth1n3 or ~P,t '~l~ ~.~~~\,,A~,, ~:~~ !~llt ,tcil~.~i1 T" '/ the rOad.' ' ',', ... 'T,"r " ',',~-
;' .. ',' , .'. ':i~1~~"'::... ;' qt:' '" ,:'.; ..... ", , ;' .:":' .." ..' , .. i
Senator Byrdzlxplain the' r r:~:' you '&}prove ,'1 l"eaT1»B out the: 9th.los." '" '"v
~ .) _... ;, -",' :'\• .('. :' .t,"i.: "~·;'~~;::'I'-:"·'" ,'.~.' .,: ' :.".~ ,.... -1 ~,~·.1 .',,:
Colonel Ane'er£ori, It is to 'cOnslder'tidsas '• .' le'derAl project' ~".' I, . • :,<;".).. .~.,.. • ~ ". ~.~l ~,tr·,·:· .: ..
'Pa'rkYiay eon~e;etlng t"o i,re~t Jlu~~~n~ ",'P~;k,8~; ~~ ih~ ~6'~" ~~ .~)&~t ..tt, '" , ~'. '. ' • _, .'" • J ~ , II 'I
be financed ent1 rely ,as a federal ~roj.c~~'~th 't~,. D.5f1stance 'Qr' ~h.,-. , .. ,-'. 't', ,.. . ~ .~~ .'" ~ J l~·. :' ~ n. ~ , , ..
BighwfiY De~~m~tl at" 'th~' s.Tol:~l f,tate.r~~:~~"f ',::r~ . ',~:~}-,.?',~~' . . .• - ,~ ., ..~." . . ':f-/.'., ~,.~ '; '_: ~~. ' ~
Sen~tor Byrd'i C
Wht'.tt '1 ~ 'thenmount 1nvolY.d''1,I:t·', . ' . ,~. ' ".", f',
I!r ~ Radcliff.; the emountrequ~ ~ ~e~ li~~i6M~,OOObn.~~.o,jJ~~,.1141 m11f>8of' est1cGted m11clise at '40,000, a 1I11~.; ·;t 1! Q~t1::'E.te.~.it1~.
'will' t'urni!bfoul' thou~and men emPlollli~nt'·:fo~~~v.o ·yc8rs.~'o -b~,f '~'i/ • .." . " .", / . '.> . • • .' . . . . ",' , ' . '. .' .~, "
e~t1:1a.te<i • twenty toot ro~d..ay w1 th 51x. foe't" shoUlders, ~£king a ' ":, • . • '._ ''':''0_. . ~ . ..,,- I
co "total 'of 'thl'rt] t.,c tC€t, <..r.~'('be t\.;ou.artdt'ot'ritht of ":.y.' ~ <
. .:
Thc,re *r.s ~ furthcr and gene :il di. cUf:aion or the ,nroject. It ,as
docided that the mQ(:tlnb v.Qult: n,'t end~",TOr to mark th!3 r~·u4-,e in the
.?ro,Jo~a1. The pltOJect die not inclUde tf'..e 1'0[;.(1 to V:afhin£ton, but only
to the entrance of the Shenandoah N~t1onal Pf.l.rk, Wld it 'lruF 8ugf'S~ted
. th'-Lt acdenda be ado€'o ~tJ.tint) t!lC; commi tt. ee ~;ou:l.c t.dd a EU~) }le~ental
sug6cstion about tile ml1eLge 1n con~ection ~lth th~ National Cepltol.
Mr. Jeffress sug6',£ted til.::.t ....ltb an allotcent or f20,OOO,ooo 'ilth
- 18
lash1ngton ae: the bu;e the projeot could be started.
Colonel Anderson war asked to make some changot in his ,I "
re~ort, which rs?ort is not included here al 1t h~s been c3Bnged,
lt~. Miller: While Colonel Anderson i. fixing his report I ~ould,llke .., >•• .it'::" .", . ""-,.., .~. 4':·i;_·.\·f:,:.r"'''~ -t....
'to r;,sk why, if " they only want a thlnl toot road they, wcul~ hliY.<,~ .••:-... .. . ~. 'h
I UD~erBt8nc 1 t is to'con,tx:bi ito,:,have a thou sand toot right of '.'at. . ... . .,.. .... , " '·.Jt ... ' ..... '~ '"
and prevent the putting up of signa. I ..i,h 50meene who 'knOVtS' Il~ut·(?; / " ,','..,:,' <, :,, ,'.,.' JI
it would explain, " .<i:;";1,:" i<::',\,;' )11'. Ca!D~ererc I d.o not GO" \lihat he s been planned, but certain!, yo.,~\ ,'.'
. :' .....< ~ -....~,. . . . : ' ,.
caD bUY, scen1~ easoments walch 1I0'Jld serTe .1~~t, ~e well. ' ' ~y.·7'..',~' .... , • 1\ ,"" • 11 '~.:.:..-
, , ""\',.1, '. I
Mr. J'irth: I· ...~u:d liko to anJSn~:r the cuestiOJl. Thot .. &~. t'eken mc")fe:~r . . ~ . '" '. ' .. "5j',,· '::~
loe. out of the air as .. b&11. of' the amount of lund th~t wvuld ":be .': ',' " .' . ,.. ,
needed tq CODatructa Park"BY, It\ilOuld. protect tIl'? Park~&.y . . , . and. the ':
,~
~ . I ." . , . ' . : • '. "'f.'
"f.cenery. , In' lo~e places you 1>o:.:ld ",.nt ~c expapd in ordf'f to make Q
automobile, !lurldncdevelopment. In other' plr.,cef.You 1'tou1.d y,ant ~~t:ui. ~ "
, . d.oWD to a tev, hu~dred feet.
the flnLl pl~8, but I think ab~ut a thou.and teet shou:~ be the cett~rtc
for the land need d.
benDtor Byrd Eugie~ited tnat the ~roposal shaull" be!igned
tl1st dpy. Mr. nadcliff, AS a mnttcr or procedure, ho? ' ..o,~l(: it (.'€': for
sever~l of us to ~eo S~crct~ry Ickes tod~ and pre~cnt to him yer,y
briefly r.hot the io e. is, 6Ild the turthfr ~t~tement th.... t a preposition
~hou:'d be :1•.:.nded hi~ t:-r::orro .. in more de.tini t~ shape. I
A lctt£ I'UI.! prf:p~.t'ed subml ttlns the :)ro~osal to th.e
I
I
;f' .
/'
)( (
.'
19
1: ,. .
f:enato17 Byrd: Onlcns thr • 1
, <".djourn 'and the cccu;d.ttee v:e hL.ve a)poln ed cd t£.ke the other
.~ . .;
thank you flll ,.to 1!1U c.• f~ ... · coming.
I.