CS101: Introduction to Computing

Instructors:

Dr. Fawad Hussain, Dr. Rashad Jilani, Engr. Ahmad Sohaib, Engr. Zawar Hussain, Engr. Usman Raza & Dr. Ahmar Rashid.

Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

Fall 2015

Course Information

Instructors Dr. Fawad Hussain, fawadhussain@giki.edu.pk

Dr. Rashad jilani jillani@giki.edu.pk

Engr. Ahmad Sohaib

Engr. Zawar Hussain

Engr. Usman Raza

Dr. Ahmar Rashid., G-05, ahmar.rashid@giki.edu.pk

Course Timings Two Lectures per week ( Tuesday 1230 pm, Thursday 9 am)

One lab per week (Three Hours) [as CS101L]

Office Hours to be announced

General Course Description

The Student will be familiarized with:

History, Present and Future of Computing.

Introduction to Computing Hardware

Introduction to Computing Software

Introduction to Programming Computers

Detailed course contents will be uploaded on the

course website ( http://192.168.1.21 )

Text Books Text BooksDeitel & Deitel, C++ How to Program, Fourth/Fifth Edition,

J J Parson and Dan Oja, Computer Concepts, 7th edition

Reference Books and MaterialProgramming and Problem Solving with C++ by Nell Dale and Chip Weems

Online Tutorials/Reference Material1. http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/

2. http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/

c++-tutorial.html

3. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Com

puting_Using_Windows

Course Grading

Assignments/Project 15%

Quizzes 15 %

Mid Term Examination 25%

Final Examination 45%

Assignments and Quizes

A number of assignments and quizzes will be taken

Announced and/or unannounced quizzes may be

given to students any time during/after the lecture

Worst quiz may be dropped at the end of the course

Copying/cheating in assignments and the

project is categorically prohibited and is subject

to severe punishment.

Assignment and Quiz

Methodology No Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as the

"wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or

publication" of another authors "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the

representation of them as one's own original work

(source: www.wikipedia.org)

Can you consult/collaborate with each other?

Consulting each other in the assignments ?

Verbally

Consulting each other in the quizzes ?

Not at all

Course Objective

Focus on the breadth-first coverage of computer

science discipline

Introduction to

computing environments

general application software

basic computing hardware

operating systems

desktop publishing

Internet

software applications and tools

basic software engineering and information

technology concepts

Course Contents Part 1: 05 lectures:

Introduction computers and applications

history of computing

Introduction to hardware and

software

Components of a computer

Hardware Concepts data representation

number systems

conversion methods

ASCII/Unicode

microprocessors

memory

storage devices

Input/output devices

Computer Software system software

application software

operating systems

Firmware

Network Building

Blocks advantages of networking

disadvantages/challenges

posed by networking

networks scope &

classification

Course Contents Part 2: 25 lectures:

C/C++ history

flow charts & pseudocode

assignment operators

decision making

equality & relational operators

control structures If statement

Ifelse statement

nested control structures

switch multiple-selection statement

increment and decrement operators

The essentials of repetition

(loops)

counter control repetition

sentinel-controlled repetition

while statement

dowhile statement

for statement

the break and continue statements

functions

function definitions

function prototypes

calling functions

call by value

call by reference

random number generation

storage classes

scope rules

arrays

declaring arrays

examples

passing arrays to functions

searching arrays

Pointers

Computers and Applications

Computers and Applications

Communications

Entertainment

Education

Scientific computing

So many applications

A Tool for Communication

Early telecommunications

Smoke signals

one of the oldest forms of long-distance, visual communication

were used in North America and China

Drums

used by natives in Africa, New Guinea and South America

Pigeons

have been used to great effect in military situations

First visual telegraphy (or semaphore) system

Built in 1792, by a French engineer, Claude Chappe

built between Lille and Paris

First electrical telegraphy

was an electrochemical' telegraph created by the German physician,

anatomist and inventor Samuel Thomas von Smmering in 1809

A Tool for Communication

Wireless telegraphy

In 1832, James Lindsay gave a

classroom demonstration of wireless

telegraphy to his students

In 1893, addressing the Franklin Institute, Nikola

Tesla described and demonstrated in detail the

principles of wireless telegraphy

Radio and television

Computer Networks and Internet

A radio operator

receiving a wireless

telegraphy message

using a radio wave

based Marconi magnetic

detector c.1903

A Tool for Communication

Chat

e-mailSearching

Social Networking

Content Sharing

Blog

A Tool for EntertainmentMultimedia

Games

Computer Revolution !

Google Servers

Mars

Rover

Flight

Simulator

Wearable Computer

Computer

We know how to use a computer

We have an idea where it stands today

YOU have to contribute towards its future !

Now lets look at what it is and the modest beginnings from where it evolved !

History of Computer

What is a Computer (-1-)

A computer is a machine that

inputs (takes in) facts and information (known as

data*)

then processes (does something to or with) it

can also store data

afterwards it outputs, or displays, the results for

you to see

* Data is all kinds of information, including, pictures, letters, numbers, and sounds

What is a Computer (-2-)

The series of instructions that tell

a computer how to carry out the processing

task is referred to as the computer program

A computer software usually consists of many

programs designed to perform specific tasks

What is a Computer (-3-)

The defining feature of modern computers

which distinguishes them from all other

machines is that they can be programmed

a list of instructions (the program) can be given to

the computer e.g., add one number to another

move some data from one location to another

send a message to some external device, etc

it will store them (in memory)

and carry them out (execute) some time in future Usually in the same order in which the instructions were given

History of Computer (-1-)

The first use of the word "computer" was

recorded in 1613

referring to a person who carried out

calculations, or computations !

The word continued to be used in that sense

until the middle of the 20th century

before modern electronic computers were

developed

History of Computer (-2-)

The history of the modern computer begins

with two separate technologies

Automated Calculation

Programmability

Early computers were mechanical

calculating devices such as

Abacus, 3000 B.C

Slide rule

History of Computer (-3-)

Chinese Abacus: for performing arithmetic processes

History of Computer (-4-)

Slide Rule: for performing multiplication, division, computing

roots, logarithms, trigonometric functions

History of Computer (-5-)

ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And

Computer - was the first general-purpose

electronic computer developed around 1946

operated at 5 kIPS [thousand instructions per second]

Today's desktops can perform 10000+ MIPS

weighed 30 tons

size was roughly 8.5 x 3 x 80 feet

contained around 5 million hand-soldered joints

consumed 150 kW of power; enough to dim the lights of

Philadelphia when it was run!

Input was given from an IBM card reader

An IBM card punch was used for output

History of Computer (-6-)

Working

on,

rather

inside ,

ENIAC

History of Computer (-7-)

IBM Punch Card: Programs and data were punched by hand or

a key-punch-machine and read into a card reader

The future of computers

predicted in the past

I think there is a world market for maybe five

computers.-- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943

Computers in the future may weigh no more

than 1.5 tons.-- Popular Mechanics, 1949

There is no reason anyone would want a

computer in their home.--Ken Olson, CEO, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977

Types of Computers

Desktop

Laptop

Tablet PC

Work Station

Play Station

Mini frame computers

Main frame computers

Super Computers

32

Four kind of Computers1 Microcomputers

most widely used and the fastest-growing

Desktop Computers are small enough to fit on top or along the side of a desk and yet are too big to carry around.

Personal Computers

Workstations (high end microcomputer for technical/scientific computing)

Portable Computers are small enough and light enough to move easily from one place to another.

Laptops: 10-16 pounds in weight

Notebooks: 5-10 pounds in weight

Subnotebooks: 2-6 pounds in weight

Personal Digital Assistants: Also known as palmtop computers and handheld PCs. They combine pen input, writing recognition and communication capabilities

33

2 Minicomputers

Desk size machines.

Fall between microcomputers and mainframe computers in their processing speeds and data-storing capabilities.

Might be used for research or monitoring a particular manufacturing process.

Smaller companies have been using minicomputers for their data processing needs such as accounting/billing systems.

34

3 Mainframe Computers

Large computers.

Capable of great processing speeds and data-

storing.

They are used by large organizations business, banks, government agencies etc to handle millions of transactions.

For example, airline companies use

mainframe computers to process information

about millions of travelers.

35

4 Supercomputers

The most powerful type of computer is the

supercomputer.

These machines are special, high-capacity

computers used by very large organizations.

For example, NASA uses supercomputers to

track and control space explorations.

Supercomputers are also used for oil

exploration, simulations and worldwide

weather forecasting.

Components of a

Computer

Parts of a Computer

There are two main parts of computers,

hardware and software

Hardware is all of the parts of the computer you

can see and touch. E.g.,

Monitor, Keyboard, Processor, Memory, Circuits,

Cables etc

Software refers to parts of the computer which do

not have a material form. E.g.,

Data, Programs, Protocols etc

Computer :

An External Look

Casing [with components inside] Next slide

Monitor

Lets the user see how the computer is

responding to their command

Keyboard

For entering text commands

Mouse

Point-and-Click interface for

interacting with graphical

environment

Computer:

Internal Components (-1-) Inside the casing, we have a built-in power supply

along with:

Motherboard

It is the central printed circuit board (PCB) where the

core components of your computer reside

provides slots to host microprocessor, memory, driver

controllers, graphics card, modem, network card etc

also provides electrical connections by which these hosted

components communicate

Hard Disk Drive

Permanent storage for data and programs. Also,

normally, your operating system is installed here.

CD-ROM / DVD Player

Computer:

Internal Components (-3-)

Motherboard: Sockets & Slots

Slot for

Microprocessor

DRAM

Memory

Slot

AGP Slot

[Graphics]

PCI Slot

[sound, network,

modem]

IDE / ATA Connector

[hard disk, CD-ROM]

Power

Connector

Peripheral Component Interconnect

Integrated Drive Electronics /

AT Attachment

Computer:

Internal Components (-2-)

Power Supply

Computer:

Internal Components (-4-)

Microprocessor

Graphics Card

Computer:

Internal Components (-5-)

Network CardRAM

Computer:

Internal Components (-6-)

Hard Disk Drive

DVD RW

Computer: Internal Components (-3-)

Motherboard:

Connectors &

Ports

Old Systems: DE-9 RS-232

"serial mouse" connector

Old Systems: 5-pin/180

DIN connector

Newest Systems

UsB Mouse`

Newest Systems

UsB Kyeboard

(Universal Serial Bus)

PS/2 Keyboard Connector PS/2 mouse Connector

Printer, External CD drive

Zip drive, ext. H/D and etc.

Modem, Keyboard, scanner

Mouse, external H/D ,

MP3 players.

Monitor

Computer:

Peripherals

A peripheral device is an equipment that might be

added to a computer system to enhance its

functionality

Printer

Digital camera

Scanner

Projector

Joystick

Graphics tablet

Next Time

Hardware & Software Concepts

References

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_U

sing_Windows

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/teaching/cs4/s

ummer.08/notes/historyofcomputing/

http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/eniac-story.html

http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL-e-h.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard