1.fp201-1.intro to c++programming

8/13/2019 1.FP201-1.Intro to C++Programming

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Chapter 1:

INTRODUCTION TO

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

1.1 C++ Programming Environment

1.2 Compiling Process An error In Programming

FP201: Programming Fundamentals/ Chapter 1


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Learning Outcomes 1.1At the end of this sub-chapter, students should be able to:

Prepared by Pn Mazniha bt Berahim,Information Tech and Communication Department


Explain the history of C++ Illustrate a simple C++

program structure Describe C++ programming

development process Develop C++ program using

Integrated DevelopmentEnvironment (IDE) Get started with IDE

Create a project Create a simple C++ program Compile a C++ program Run a C++ program

1.1 Introducethe C++

programmingenvironment


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The history of C++


C with Class(Before 1983)

C++(1983)

C(Early 1970)

C++ was designed for the UNIX systemenvironment

C++ expanded and enhance version of C thatembodies the philosophy of OOP.

C++ enables programmers to improve the

quality of code produced, thus making reusablecode easier to write.

C++s clarity, extensibility, efficiency and easeof maintenance makes it the language of choicefor development of large software projects.

used widely in the area of communication,personal file systems and databases.



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A simple C++ program structure


// my first program in C++

#include

int main ()

{

cout


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// Program: Display greetings

/* Hello World!*/

#include

using namespace std;void main()

{

cout


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Greeting Output


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C++ Programming Development Process

Identify: needed

input required

output neededprocess.

Understandthe Problem

A framework

shows steps inprob.solving

Methods :Algorithm - a

sequence ofinstructions (inhumanlanguage)

Flowchart - Agraphicalsymbols to showprocess

Pseudo code -half inprogrammingcode and half inhuman

language.

DesignProgram

Convert analgorithminto a C++.programming language

- includeadequatedocumentation, whicharecommentstatementswritten inyour

programcode

WriteProgram

Code

Use a set ofdata to

discovererrors and toensureaccuracy ofthe program

Process ofidentify&correct error.

Run programand checkresults.

Test &Debug theProgram

Update CodeVerifieswhetherperforming as

planned/ meetthe currentrequirement

Edit code tomake it moreefficient.

Maintenance& Documentation



For example, somepart uses C++

language code andsome part use Malay

/English language.


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Develop C++ program using Integrated

Development Environment (IDE)

WhatIDE?

An integrated developmentenvironment (IDE)a softwareapplicationthat providescomprehensive facilities tocomputer programmersfor softwaredevelopment.

All of the tools for writing,compiling and testing code in oneplace

An IDE normally consists of: a source code editor a compilerand/or an interpreter build automationtools a debugger


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Build_automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debuggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debuggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Build_automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_application


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Develop C ++ program



Do in lab activities 1


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Learning Outcomes 1.2At the end of this sub-chapter, students should be able to:

Describe the compiling process of aprogram Identify the following errors in

programming: Syntax/ compile time errors Run time errors Logical errors

Identify effective debugging process Debug programs with syntax/

compile time, run time and logicalerror

1.2 Compilingand debugging

process anderror in

programming




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Basic compiling process



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Example of compilingprocess of a program


i d l / h


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Compiling process of a programPrepared by Pn Mazniha bt Berahim,

Information Tech and Communication Department

1. SyntaxChecking

The code checking for valid syntax use compiler. This includes checking for semi-colons, matching braces, etc. This doesn't mean the code is correct, but it does determine

whether the code can be turned into machine code as written.

2. ConvertingTo Assembly

This step doesn't exist for all languages/compilers. Compilers convert source code (C++ language) to machine code .

3. LinkingMachine Code

Into AnExecutable

At this step, many linkers will do final checks to make sure allthe required pieces, functions, components, etc have beenaccounted for.



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Compiler

This is where the "work" is done. High

level code is translated into machinecode, the result is object files.

Linker

All object files and relevent resources

are linked together. Symbolinformation is verified (run into aLinker error may be more then once)and an executable is made.


FP P i F d l / Ch


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Errors in programming

ERRORS

Syntax/Compile

RunTime

Logical



FP P i F d t l / Ch t


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3 basic types of errors in programmingPrepared by Pn Mazniha bt Berahim,

Information Tech and Communication Department

Error Decriptions Common examples

Syntaxerrors/compileerror

Grammar errorsin theuse of theprogramminglanguage.

Misspelled variable and function names.Missing semicolons(;)Improperly matches parentheses, squarebrackets[ ], and curly braces{ }

Incorrect format in selection and loopstatements

Run timeerrors

Occur when a programwith no syntax errorsasks the computer todo something that thecomputer is unable toreliably do.

Trying to divide by a variable that contains avalue of zeroTrying to open a file that doesn't existThere is no way for the compiler to knowabout these kinds of errors when the programis compiled.

Logicerrors

Logic errors occurwhen there is a designflaw in your program.

Multiplying when you should be dividingAdding when you should be subtractingOpening and using data from the wrong file

Displaying the wrong message


FP P i F d t l / Ch t


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Special Characters in C++ programming syntaxCharacter Name Meaning

// Double slash Beginning of a comment

# Pound sign Beginning of preprocessordirective

< > Open/close brackets Enclose filename in #include

( ) Open/closeparentheses

Used when naming afunction

{ } Open/close brace Encloses a group ofstatements

" " Open/closequotation marks

Encloses string of characters

; Semicolon End of a programming

statement




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What is syntax?

Set of rules in programming language.

Prepared by Pn Maznihabt Berahim, Information

Tech andCommunication

Department

FP201 P i F d t l / Ch t 1


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Debug programs with syntax/ compiletime, run time and logical error

Do in lab activities 1




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