CELLwaode astria sahrani

D3 Analis Kesehatan

Mata Kuliah Sitohistoteknologi

Tahun ajaran 2015/2016

Capaian Pembelajaran Khusus

Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini, mahasiswadiharapkan mampu :

• Memahami dan mejelaskan struktur danfungsi sel serta komponen dan organela-organela sel.

SUBJECTS

• Definition of the cell

• Structure and function of the cells

• Componens of the cells

• Organels of the cells

Cells are the basic units of structure

and function in an organism

• All living organisms are made up of one or more cells

• Cells arise from the replication of preexisting cells

• Maintain homeostasis at cellular level

Figure 9-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)

Cells have various size

100 nm

1 µm

100 µm

1

2

3

4

Why cell are small?

Surface area-to-Volume ratio•The volume of a cell determinesthe amount of chemical activityit carries out per unit of time

•The surface area of a celldetermines the amount ofsubstances the cell can take infrom the outside environmentand the amount of wasteproducts it can release to theenvironment

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes : Bacteri Eukaryotes : Plant, Animal, Human

Exterior StructuresCell wallCell membraneFlagella

PresentPresentMay be present

AbsentPresentAbsent

Interior StructuresERRibosomesMicrotubulesCentriolesGolgi aparatusNucleusMitochondriaChromosomesLysosomes

AbsentPresentAbsentAbsentAbsentAbsentAbsentSingle strand of DNAAbsent

PresentPresentPresentPresentPresentPresentPresentDouble strand of DNAPresent

Main components of cells

COMPONENTPERCENT OF TOTAL CELL WEIGHT (%)

BACTERIUM CELL MAMALIAN CELL

H2O 70 70

Ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, etc)

1 1

Small metabolites 3 3

Proteins 15 18

RNA 6 1.1

DNA 1 0.25

Phospholipids 2 3

Other lipids - 2

Polysacharides 2 2

Cell is a closed compartment

• Separated from extracellular space by cell membrane/ plasmamembrane

• Consists of cytosol & intracellular organelles

Cell MembraneConsists of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and oligosacaharide chains

Function of Plasma membrane1. PHYSICAL BARRIER: Establishes a flexible boundary,

protects cellular contents, and supports cell structure.

2. SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY: Regulates entry and exit ofions, nutrients, and waste molecules through themembrane.

3. COMMUNICATION: Contains receptors that recognize

and respond to molecular signals.

7,5 – 10 nm

Figure 2-2-: Junqueira’s Basic Histology (© The McGraw-Hill 2010)

Nucleus is the center of genetic information

storage in cell

Figure, Molecular Biology of the Cell(© Garland Science 2008)

• Nucleus frequently appears rounded or oval structure.• Consisting of a nuclear envelope, chromatin (DNA and

proteins), and nucleolus.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)the production centers or factories of the cells

Figure 2-16-: Junqueira’s Basic Histology (© The McGraw-Hill 2010)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER

- has many ribosomesattached in their membrane

- transports newly formed protein to Golgi apparatus

Smooth ER- is the site of detoxification of chemically modifying small molecules (drugs and pesticides)

- the site for the hydrolysis of glycogen in animal cells

- the site for the synthesis of lipids and steroids

Figure 13-26and 13-25 Molecular Biology of the Cell(© Garland Science 2008)

Golgi apparatus

the packaging facilities of cell products

Golgi apparatus

• Receives proteins from the ER.

• Modification, packages, and sortsproteins before they are sent totheir cellular or extracellulardestinations.

Figure 2-20-: Junqueira’s Basic Histology (© The McGraw-Hill 2010)

Vesiclepackage of substance that can be delivered from one

compartment to other compartment inside a cell

Figure 13-2 Molecular Biology of the Cell(© Garland Science 2008)

LysosomesThe digestion center of the cells

Rough ER

Transporting vesiclefrom RER to Golgi

Transporting vesicles

Lysosome

Secretory granule

ExocytosisFigure 2-22-: Junqueira’s Basic Histology (© The McGraw-Hill 2010)

Peroxisomesspherical organelles for minor digestion &

detoxification

• Function to rid the cell of toxic substances, and in particular, hydrogen peroxide (a common byproduct of cellular metabolism)

• Some types of peroxisomes, such as those in liver cells, detoxify alcohol and other harmful compounds by transferring hydrogen from the poisons to molecules of oxygen (a process termedoxidation)

Figure 12-30 Molecular Biology of the Cell(© Garland Science 2008)

MitochondriaCenter of energy production

A mitochondrion is bounded by two membranes: a smooth outer membranedinner one which is folded into numerous contiguous layers called cristae.

Figure 12-21 Molecular Biology of the Cell(© Garland Science 2008)

Microtubule, intermediate filament, micro filament

are the main CYTOSKELETON of the cell

Figure 1-30 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)

Cytoskeleton determine the shapes of cells, play an important role inthe movements of organelles.

Microtubule is a cellular highway

1. Hollow tubes of tubulin with structurally distinct ends

2. Organelles move along microtubules

Intermediate Filamentstrong, durable network in the cytoplasm of the cell

4. supportand strengthen the nuclear envelope

Figure 17-2 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

1. like ropes made of long, twisted strands of protein

2. strengthen cells against mechanical stress

3. linked to other cytoskeletalprotein network

Micro filament or Actin filament

1. Thin and flexible protein treads

2. Actin associate with myosin to form contractikestructures

D3 Analis Kesehatan

Mata Kuliah Sitohistoteknologi

Tahun ajaran 2015/2016

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