1bio-hydrogen from waste
TRANSCRIPT
Bio-Hydrogen From Waste
Design Project – Group MMSupervisor – Professor Colin Webb
“Global demand for hydrogen is projected to increase 4.1 % annually through 2016
to 286 billion cubic meters.” – The Freedonia Group, 2012
Process Synopsis
Sugar Beet MolassesCow Manure SlurryRiver Water
Liquid HydrogenCow Manure CompostCarbon Dioxide
Overall Production rate of liquid hydrogen 38,800 kg day-1
Liquid Hydrogen
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 205002468
101214161820
Predicted Global Alternative Fuel Consumption
BiofuelNatural gasHydrogen
Years
Alte
rnati
ve fu
el c
onsu
mpti
on %
Qiqihar, China
World Consump-tion of Hydrogen -
2013
United States Middle EastChina Western EuropeEastern Europe Other
Process Flow Diagram
River Water
Sugar Beet Molasses
Dried Manure
Liquid Hydrogen
Cow Manure Handling
Hydrogen Purification
Culture Tank
Culture Tank
Water Treatment
Hydrogen Recovery
Dark Bioreactor
Photo Bioreactor
Water Treatment
100% River Water
99% River sludge 1% Mercury
99.2% Water0.7999% Suspended solids0.001% Mercury
Adsorption column
Manure Handling
14% Solid86% Liquid
Decanter Centrifuge
2% Solid98% Liquid
22% Solid78% Liquid
Dark Bioreactor
0.10% Sucrose99.9% Water
0.05% Sucrose0.10% Acetate 0.05% Butyrate 99.8% Water
48% Carbon dioxide 48% Hydrogen4.0% Water
Dark Fermentation Bioreactor (CSTR)
Photo Bioreactor
0.05% Sucrose0.10% Acetate0.05% Butyrate99.8% Water
0.02% Sucrose0.04% Acetate0.01% Butyrate0.02% Ethanol99.91% Water
48% Hydrogen48% Nitrogen4% Water
Photo-Fermentation Bioreactor (PFR)
Culture Tanks
1.3x10-12% Bacteria94.4% Water0.5% Acetate0.5% Butyrate2.4% Sucrose2.2% Sugar Beet Balance
Gaslift Batch Culture Tanks (Mass Basis)
0.23% Bacteria93.4% Water0.12% Acetate0.14% Butyrate0% Sucrose2.21% Sugar Beet Balance3.7% Carbon Dioxide0.2% Hydrogen
Hydrogen Recovery
5% Water38% Hydrogen38% Carbon Dioxide19% Nitrogen
9% Water3% Hydrogen62% Carbon Dioxide25% Nitrogen
91% Hydrogen9% Nitrogen
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Hydrogen Purification
50% Hydrogen50% Nitrogen
91% Hydrogen9% Nitrogen
Membrane Separator
99.995% Hydrogen0.005% Nitrogen
Hydrogen Liquification
Joule-Thompson Cycle
99.995% Gaseous Hydrogen
99.995% Liquid Hydrogen
Socioeconomic Sustainability
Action BenefitRiver water vs Mains water Saves $16 million over
project life Process water recycle Saves $17 million annuallyResale of dried cow manure Income of $24 million
annually
Environmental Sustainability
Stage 1 - Water Treatment
Stage 2 - Manure Handling
Stage 3 - Reactors and Culture tanks
Stage 4 - Product separation
0
5,00010,000
15,000
20,00025,000
30,000
35,00040,000
45,00050,000
kg h
-1 C
O2
Safety
Substance Leakage Hazard
Likelihood Severity Overall Risk
River Water 3 2 6Cow Manure 2 5 10
Dark Bioreactor 3 2 6Photo Bioreactor 3 2 6
Culture Tanks 2 2 4Hydrogen Recovery 3 2 6
Hydrogen Purity 2 5 10
Finances – Fixed Capital
Sub-Process Total Fixed Capital ($Million)
Water Treatment 18.3Manure Handling 11.9Dark Bioreactor 18.5Photo Bioreactor 50.0
Culture Tanks 4.3Hydrogen Recovery 2.6Hydrogen
Purification 131.2Total 236.8
Finances – Operating
Variable Costs Annual Cost ($Million)
Raw Materials 129.0Utilities 58.4Effluent disposal
2.7
Consumables 0.5Packaging/Shipping
23.3
Total 213.9
Return on Investment
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Years
Cum
ulati
ve C
ash
Flow
($M
illio
ns)
Price of Hydrogen
Supply of cow manure
Cost and supply of sugar beet molasses
Constraints
Designed for the future:
Pilot scale studies Further research into bacteria metabolism Detailed hydrogen market study
Conclusion