1. Base your answer to the following question on the profile shown below, which shows the pattern ofhorizontal sorting produced at a particular time when a sediment-laden stream enters the ocean.

A) Sediments with a flatter shape settle faster.B) Lower density particles settle faster.C) Dissolved minerals are deposited first.D) Larger particles are deposited first.

Why is this pattern of horizontal sorting produced?

2. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section and data table shown below. The crosssection shows a sediment-laden river flowing into the ocean. The arrows show the direction of riverflow. Different zones of sorted sediments, A, B, C, and D, have been labeled. Sediments have beentaken from these zones and measured. The data table shows the range of sediment sizes in each zone.

A) High-density materials generally settle more slowly.B) Rounded sediments generally settle more slowly.C) Dissolved minerals are generally deposited first.D) Bigger particles are generally deposited first.

How is this pattern of horizontal sorting produced?

Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the diagrams and descriptions of the two laboratoryactivities below. The particles used in these activities are described below.

A) B) C) D)

3. In Activity 2, when the tube is turned upside down, the aluminum particles, labeled "Combination A,"are allowed to settle. Which diagram represents the sorting that is most likely to occur?

A) B)

C) D)

4. In Activity 2, when the tube is turned upside down, the particles of three different metals, labeled"Combination B," are allowed to settle. Which diagram represents the sorting that is most likely tooccur?

A) velocity of the river water B) hardness of the surface bedrockC) mineral composition of the sediment D) temperature of the water

5. The cross section below illustrates the general sorting of sediment by a river as it flows from amountain to a plain.

Which factor most likely caused the sediment to be sorted in the pattern shown?

6. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction inwhich sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon(a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composedof diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into thewater perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand.

A) sorted and layered B) sorted and not layeredC) unsorted and layered D) unsorted and not layered

The sediments that have been deposited by streams flowing into the lagoon are most likely

A) sorted mainly according to particle sizeB) sorted mainly according to particle shapeC) a mixture of sorted and unsorted particlesD) showing no evidence of sorting

7. The diagram below shows three beds of sedimentdeposited at different times in a quiet body of water.

The sediment deposited in each bed is best describedas

A) B)

C) D)

8. In a soil sample, the particles have the same shape butdifferent sizes. Which graph best represents therelationship between particle size and settling timewhen these particles are deposited in a quiet body ofwater?

9. Base your answer to the following question on thediagrams below, which represent four differentmineral samples with different shapes and masses.Diagrams are not drawn to scale.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which sample would most likely be the slowest tosettle in a quiet body of water?

Base your answers to questions 10 through 13 on the maps and cross section below. The maps showthe stages in the growth of a stream delta. Point X represents a location in the stream channel. The sideview of a stream shows rock particles transported in the stream at a point close to its source.

A) in solution, onlyB) in suspension, onlyC) in solution and in suspension, onlyD) in solution, in suspension, and by rolling

10. The rock materials transported in the stream are most likely transported by which methods?

A) amount of sediment carried at location XB) distance from location X to the stream sourceC) slope of the stream at location XD) temperature of the stream at location X

11. The velocity of the stream at location X is controlled primarily by the

A) B) C) D)

12. Which graph best illustrates the effect that changes in stream discharge have on stream velocity atlocation X?

A) jagged fragments deposited in elongated hillsB) unsorted mixed sizes deposited in scattered pilesC) large cobbles deposited in parallel linesD) round grains deposited in layers

13. Which characteristics are most likely shown by the sediments in the delta?

14. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the drainage basin of the Mississippi River system. Several rivers thatflow into the Mississippi River are labeled. The arrow at location X shows where the MississippiRiver enters the Gulf of Mexico.

A) moraine B) tributary C) delta D) drumlin

The structure formed by the deposition of sediments at location X is best described as a

Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the three diagrams below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The diagrams represent stages in the formation of a large depositional feature formedas a river deposited sediment over time in the ocean. Letter A represents a location in the ocean.

15. Describe the arrangement of the sediments deposited where the river enters the ocean.

16. State the name of this large depositional feature forming in the ocean.

17. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The diagram represents a meandering stream flowing into the ocean. Points A and B represent locations along the streambanks. Letter C indicates a triangular-shaped depositional featurewhere the stream enters the ocean.

Identify the triangular-shaped depositional feature indicated by letter C.

A) in Earth’s interior where temperatures exceededthe melting point of quartz

B) on Earth’s surface from the cooling of moltenlava

C) in a delta from sand grains deposited,buried, and cemented together by minerals

D) in a desert when heat and metamorphic pressurecaused quartz crystals to fuse together

18. Most New York State sandstone bedrock was formed

19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a coastal region inwhich the land slopes toward the ocean. Point X is near the top of the hill, point Y is at the base of thehill, and point Z is a location at sea level. The same type of surface bedrock underlies this entireregion. A stream flows from point X through point Y to point Z. This stream is not shown in thediagram.

A) greater, since the slope of the land decreasesB) greater, since the slope of the land increasesC) less, since the slope of the land decreasesD) less, since the slope of the land increases

Compared to the stream velocity between point X and point Y, the stream velocity between point Y and point Z is most likely

A) 100 cm/sec B) 150 cm/secC) 200 cm/sec D) 300 cm/sec

20. What is the approximate minimum stream velocityneeded to move a particle with a diameter of 25.6centimeters?

Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on thediagrams below which represent four samples ofequal-density sediments being carried by a stream.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

21. Which sample would be deposited first as the streamvelocity decreases?

A) 50 cm/sec B) 75 cm/secC) 100 cm/sec D) 125 cm/sec

22. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which is the slowest stream velocity needed tomaintain all the particles moving downstream?

A) 50 cm/sec B) 100 cm/secC) 200 cm/sec D) 400 cm/sec

23. Which stream velocity would transport cobbles, butwould not transport boulders?

A) 100 cm/sec B) 180 cm/secC) 220 cm/sec D) 290 cm/sec

24. What is the lowest stream velocity that would keep acobble-sized particle moving downstream?

25. Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the diagramsbelow. Diagram I represents a stream's profile beforean earthquake. Diagram II represents the samestream's profile after an earthquake elevated aportion of the land and produced a waterfall.

A) sand B) pebblesC) cobbles D) boulders

After the earthquake, the maximum stream velocitywas 250 centimeters per second. The largest particlesthat could be transported by this stream are

A) 23 cm/sec B) 50 cm/secC) 75 cm/sec D) 100 cm/sec

26. What is the minimum stream velocity needed tomaintain transport of a pebble that is 1 centimeter indiameter?

A) 80 cm/sec B) 120 cm/secC) 210 cm/sec D) 280 cm/sec

27. What is the minimum stream velocity that wouldmaintain movement of a quartz cobble with adiameter of 10.0 centimeters?

A) silt and clayB) sand and siltC) pebbles and sandD) cobbles and pebbles

28. A stream is carrying sediment particles ranging from0.0004 to 25.6 centimeters. When the streamvelocity decreases from 300 to 100 centimeters persecond, the stream will most probably deposit

A) B)

C) D)

29. Which graph best shows the general relationshipbetween stream velocity and the diameter ofparticles transported by a stream?

A) silt and clayB) sand and siltC) pebbles and sandD) cobbles and pebbles

30. A stream is carrying sediment particles ranging from0.0004 to 25.6 centimeters. When the stream'svelocity decreases from 300 to 100 centimeters persecond, the stream will most probably deposit

Answer KeyHORIZONTAL SORTING

1. D2. D3. A4. B5. A6. A7. A8. C9. A10. D11. C12. C13. D14. C15. — Larger particles

are deposited inshallow water andsmaller particles arecarried farther fromthe shore. —horizontalsorting/biggest tosmallest —boulders, pebbles,sand, silt,clay/decreasingorder of sizes — Thesediment is sorted.— The sediment isarranged in beds orlayers/verticallysorted. —Higher-densityparticles aredeposited first.

16. delta or any specifictype of delta

17. delta18. C19. C20. D

21. D22. C23. C24. B25. C26. B27. C28. D29. A30. D