1975-76_v16,n22_chevron

2 the chevron friday, november 14, 15 --

Precious in looks...fabulous in their adaptability to your needs and simply. incredible at these low prices!

Matched Set

Matched Set

L Diamond $300 7 Diamond Set

Matched Pair $350

Matched Set $150

§TUDENTS SAVE 10% Instant Credit to Students.

Free LIfetIme insurance replacement policy.

151 King itchener

Friday

Nancy-Lou Patterson. Drawings and liturgical designs. UW Art Gallery. Flours: Monday-Friday 9-4 pm, Sunday 2-5pm till Nov. 30.

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Salt Spring Rainbow from g-lam. 74 cents after 6pm.

Federation Flicks-Phantom of the Paradise with Paul Williams. 8pm AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50

Religious Studies Society wine and cheese party. All R.S. students wel- comed to spend an evening with the faculty. 8pm. Humanities Faculty Lounge, 3rd Floor, Hagey Hall.

A weekend hike at the top of the Bruce Trail. Sponsored by the Outer’s Club. Sign up outside of Env. St. 356. Call 884-l 173 for more information.

Saturday Eastern Conference of Ukrainian Canadian Student’s Union. 12 noon Psych 2038. Dance Turret Ball Room at WLU 8pm.

Campus Centre Pub opens 7pm. Salt Spring Rainbow from g-lam. 74 cents admission.

Federation Flicks-Phantom of the Paradise with Paul Williams. 8pm. AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50.

Sunday Films on Welfare and the welfare system will be shown. Marlene Webber, assistant professor will be the speaker. 7:30pm Physics 145. Sponsored by the Progressive Cultural Club. Free admission.

Federation Flicks-Phantom of the Paradise with Paul Williams. 8pm. AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50.

Monday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Audio Master f tom 9-l am. 74 cents after 6pm.

The Religious Studies Society invites all R.S. students and any others interested to its first general assembly and election of executive. 3:30pm St. Jerome’s College Rm. 21.

Par&legal assistance offers non- professional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 7-l Opm.

Nutrition Lecture Seriee.“Nutrition Fakery in the Food Industry- Food Pro- cessors Contribution to Heart Disease and Cancer”. Prof. Ross Hall, Biochemistry McMaster University. 7:30pm-1 Opm. Adult Retreat ion Centre, 185 King Street S., Waterloo.

Procrastination Club meeting. Postponed to Mon., Nov. 24th.l

Jazz and Blues Club. Duke Ellington 1931-40 by Jeff Weller. 8pm. Kitchener Public Library.

Grand Valley Car Club welcomes you to our next meeting. Waterloo County Fish & Game Protective Association, Pioneer Tower Rd., off Hwy. 8 between Kitchener and Hwy. 401. 8pm.

Tuesday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Audio Master f mm 9-l am. 74 cents after 6pm.

“Treads A Measure in Renaissance Style”. Presented by UW Dance company accompanied by Music Four. Free admission. 12:30pm. Theatre of the Arts.

Par&legal assistance offers non- ’ professional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1-4:30pm.

Native North American Film Series. 2 pm. National Film Board Theatre, Suite 207, 659 King Street East, Kitchener. Everybody welcome.

Interested in a Career in Insurance? 3:30 pm. Needles Hall 1020. Sign up in Career Planning and Placement, 1st Floor Needles Hall.

If you have problems, you are the problem. A problem is a circumstance you don’t want to face. So, face it and it’s no longer a problem. The Ontology Club meets every Tuesday. Bring a friend. 4:30 pm. Campus Centre 113.

Outer’s Club meeting. Everyone welcome. 7 pm. AL 206

UW Ski Club Meeting. Jay Peak trip deposits taken; cash bar; films; day trip

and instruction information availat memberships sold; cross count9 downhill skiers of any ability welcon

The Wild Duck. by Henrik Ibsen. rected by Maurice Evans. ’ 8 Humanities Theatre. Admission Students & Senior citizens $1.25.

Films-Student Years, Only Ab Women, Moon Buggy. 8 pm EL ; Sponsored by the Canada-USSR ( sociation Inc.

Wednesday

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 no Audio Master from 9-y am. 74 ce after 6 pm.

University Chapel. Sponsored by UW chaplains. 12:30 pm. SCH 218

Amateur Radio Club Me ing. VE3UOW. All welcome. ,4:30 1 E2-2355.

Pat-a-legal assistance offers nl professional legal advice. C 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Ho1 7-10 pm.

‘Chess Club Meeting. Everyone v come. 7:30 pm. CC135.

Katie Curtin will speak on her b “Women in China”. 8 pm. EL 205. ( sponsored by Arts Society, YOL Socialists, Fed. of Students.

The Wild’ Duck by Henrik Ibsen. rected by Maurice Evans. Admiss $2, Students & Senior citizens $1.2! pm. Humanities Theatre.

Gay Coffee House. 8:30 pm. CamI Centre 110.

Thursday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 no Audio Master from 9-l am. 74 ce after 6 pm.

“Treads A Measure In Renaissar Style” presented by UW Dance Cc pany accompanied by Music Four. F admission. 12:30 pm. Theatre of Arts. I

Par*legal assistance offers nl professional legal advice. ( 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Ho1 1:30-4:30 pm.

cont’d on pg I

If ‘you liked the book and the movie, you’re going to love the drink. Start with 1% ounces Jose Cuervo Tequila / over crushed ice. Add Club Soda and t the lime to your taste. Great for people, b’ut murder on mockingbirds.

Make it with

The largest selling

i BLANC0

WECHO EN 1111

Tequila in Notik America. BOTTLED IN GUADALAJARA, JALISCO, MEXICO.

riday, november 14, 1975 the chevron 3

Councillors acted “irresponsibly”

Feds review free passes polilzy Rank and file criticism pressured

le Federation of Students last ‘hursday to review its policy of -ee passes to federation sponsored olitical and social events. As an interim measure, the stu-

ent council decided to restrict free asses to one per person instead of ~0 as had previously been the ase.

Council reacted to a letter ad- ressed to all student councillors ly the student Environmental ltudies Society (ESS) which criti- ized the federation for extending ts policy of free passes to student eps .

)olitical clash

The letter, signed by ESS presi- count for each councillor should be dent Dave McLellan, says that the financed by the remainder of the student society is dissatisified with student body.” council’s recent stance regarding free passes and feels councillors

This action ESS feels is “gross

acted “irresponsibly as representa- irresponsibility” on the part of a council which:

tives of the student population on this campus. ’ ’ -can rarely achieve a quorum of

its members ; ESS feels council behaved im- -doesn’t communicate ade-

properly in granting itself “exces- sively extensive privileges with re-

quately with its electorate; and

gard to all social, educational, and -should be “ostracized” for its other federation events. ” “selfish irresponsibility”.

Council voted Sept. 11 to grant The letter goes on to say: “We members $50 expense accounts on

can see no reason why these the pretext that councillors could privileges and the $50 expense ac- better represent their constituen-

Lana twits as tredwurer ----u I

Need a job? If you can add, sub- -act and sign cheques, then you hould apply to become the treas- rer of the Federation of Students.

The federation has been without treasurer since Tuesday when

ohn Long, a mathematics rep on tudent council, resigned due to a olitical clash with student presi- ent John Shortall.

Long, in a two-page letter, said hat though his departure is partly 3r academic reasons, he is also zaving because he doesn’t see eye 3 eye with Shortall over the state f the federation’s budget.

(Shortall and Long clashed over

ore anucks

There are proportionately more Canadian citizens teaching at the niversity this year than there have been in the past five years.

A report released last Friday by JW president Burt Matthews hows that the number of Canadian acuity has risen from 58 per cent in 971 to 67 per cent this year.

This year eight faculty members :hanged their citizenship to Cana- lian. Four were from the United (ingdom, two from the United itates and one each from Poland nd West Germany.

Of the 708 faculty at UW this rear, 473 are Canadian citizens, 14 have US citizenship, and 58

told British citizenship. The remaining 65 faculty are

rom 29 other countries. And there s one lost soul whose citizenship is isted as unknown.

For the birds

The pigeons which perch atop he math and computer building lad their future discussed at a math ociety council meeting Tuesday.

A society member told) council re was concerned about the birds lefacing the building and he was vorried that walking in one day he night “get it on the head”.

He proposed to council that the appropriate university authorities be approached and a plan be de- ised to get rid of the free loaders.

“Poison them or something,” he aid.

A motion to that effect was put lefore the council but three members voted against it and the other 1 councillors abstained.

One councillor took exception to he motion which he considered ‘stupid and silly”.

whether to hire a full-time employee for Radio Waterloo at last Thursday’s student council meeting.

While Long maintained that the federation couldn’t afford to hire the employee as the reserve funds amounted to only $5,500, Shortall argued that though the slush fund seemed small council had enough money to last until April.) 6‘ . . . . As you know I entered your executive with what I thought was a basis of agreement with you on major issues. . . . This has not proven to be the case especially in areas of financial policy as has been shown recently,” Long says to Shortall.

“Because of the inability of us to reach agreement on basic fundamental issues, I believe that it is my best interest and in the interest of you and the Federation of Students that I resign from the position of treasurer. ’ ’

Long goes on to say though he was chosen last spring as treasurer for “a lack of otherwise qualified personnel”, he tried to do the job as best he could.

In addition, Long says he’ll continue representing mathematics students for the remainder of his term. He also said he’ll attend all federation board and executive

meetings as an “interested ob- server”.

Despite his clash with Shortall, Long wishes Shortall “the best of luck as president especially in the OFS (Ontario Federation of Stu- dents) and in dealing with the ad- ministration. ’ ’ Shortall is currently the chairman of the provincial student federation.

“I learned a great deal from sit- ’ ting on your executive and thank

you for the pleasure. You have been a hard-working president and a decent and fair-minded individual,” Long concludes.

Meanwhile, Shortall in a report to council for its Nov. 16 meeting said that though he and Long have been unable to agree on many things in the past few months, he still believes Long is the most active councillor around.

“John and I have been unable to agree on many things. . . and his efforts and mine have too often been counter-productive,” Shor- tall says.

Shortall also said he’s recom- mending Arts student Dan Sautner as a possible replacement for Long to council. Sautner, according to Shortall, is already preparing a preliminary report on the federation’s finances.

-john morris

Matthews’ memo reminds of classroom smoking ban

In case you haven’t heard -smoking is banned in class- rooms.

In a memo from UW president Burt Matthews, all faculty, students and staff are reminded of the university’s policy on smoking areas.

Matthews says in the memo: “I want to underline the requirements of the policy, not only in the interest of keeping the university premises clean but also in the in-

terest of ensuring that the prefer- ence and comfort of non-smokers is ensured. ’ ’

The president says non-smoking areas of particular note are; class- rooms, laboratories, the bookstore, the libraries, and certain other areas where special circumstances require that smoking not be permitted.

He has asked that appropriate signs be posted in all rooms where smoking is not permitted.

ties if they were encouraged to involve themselves more with federation activities.

The granting of free passes followed at council’s next meeting on Oct. 8 when councillors felt the need for having the same privileges as federation executive members in regard to free admittance to student funded social and political events.

Former federation president Andy Telegdi defended council by saying the ESS letter failed to capture the spirit behind the granting of privileges to councillors. He urged council to clarify the issue with ESS as soon as possible.

However, given the student out- burst, councillors “should feel a little more responsibility to their duties ,” Telegdi cautioned.

Telegdi also asked council to instruct its executive to investigate the issue and redraft its policy regarding free passes.

Federation entertainment co- chairman Art Ram informed councillors that the “green cards” which permit the carrier free admittance to student sponsored events number 80 “right now”. If each green card carrier were to take a date, then 160 people could gain free access to any given event.

And if this trend continues, the “freebies” could destroy the Cam- pus Centre Pub, Ram pointed out. In addition, the “federation flicks” are becoming a veritable “freebies night”.

Since the entertainment board will have to pick up the tab for the

freebies, council should give the board’s budget some consideration, Ram said. “Students end up paying for these privileges,” he added.

Ram said the purpose of the green cards was to allow entertainment personnel to gain access to sponsored events for professional reasons.

Education coordinator Shane Roberts said that while he recognized the problems faced by the entertainment board, the privileges could be “refined” by setting a limit on how many events councillors could attend.

Graduate councillor Robbie Howlett pointed out that the original intent for granting privileges was to make councillors more “responsible’ ’ .

Howlett alluded to a number of scheduled council meetings which were cancelled due to a lack of quorum. She said that since the original intent of granting privileges was “to attack student apathy” and given the ensuing reaction on campus, it was all worthwhile.

In other business, council accepted Cliff Maude as the rep. for students at Renison College, Gary Marshall for Environmental Studies, Loris Gervasio and Emil Gillezear for Science, and Susan Rich for Intergrated Studies. All five were elected or acclaimed at the recent federation by-elections.

And only Maude and Marshall showed up for last Thursday’s council meeting.

-john morris

McGill prof talks on farm strategy

“We are dependent on fossil energy to carry on with agriculture as we know it,” said McGill Uni- versity professor Stuart Hill who lectured on energy conservation on the farm last Friday.

Hill went on to say we must reduce this dependency since such fuel is in limited supply and is inef- ficient.

He illustrated this inefficiency by showing that modern farming methods, which aim at increasing farm efficiency through the use of these fuels, are actually less efficient than more primitive methods when the amounts of all energy which goes into farm production and the food value derived is considered .

Hill did not advocate a return to the past as the solution to energy problems on the farm, but rather a move forward using new scientific knowledge. Decision makers must be advised of this knowledge if they are to form policies which will re- lieve pressure on this aspect of agriculture, he said. He called this ‘ ‘ecological farming’ ’ .

Hill also compared the advantages of “ecological farming” over ‘ ‘conventional farming’ ’ . He cited studies which showed that dairy cattle produce more milk when fed on crops grown with organic fertilizer than those with inorganic fertilizer, although the latter produced larger crop yields.

This theme that .“ecological (organic) farming is aimed at quality while conventional farming is aimed at quantity” recurred throughout the lecture, Hill said.

According to Hill, we must use plant and animal wastes for fertilizer to complete the natural life cycles. These take less energy than inorganic fertilizers which are produced from petroleum chemicals.

He said this is not done because it is still inexpensive to use inor-

ganic fertilizers and the system en- courages the use of these since larger profits can be made from them.

Hill claimed we will soon be forced to use organic fertilizers, however, when energy shortages are even graver.

Hill compared ‘ ‘biological agriculture” which is the use of ecological farming methods with “agribusiness” which is the use of conventional farming methods to turn profits.

The biological agriculturalist produces only what is needed, uses a minimum amount of energy with a minimum of environmental distur- bance, recycles materials and wastes and optimizes production, Hill said.

He added that the agribusiness- man produces what can be sold, balances the use of energy against profits, recycles only if it is economically justified and max- imizes production .

Weed and pest control is another energy-sapping problem on the farm which can be controlled naturally, according to Hill.

To control weeds, he said, one must use “an equal and opposite amount of energy to that which goes into their growth.”

Hill commented that one solution to this problem is to mix crops which are compatible with each other and choke out the weeds which would normally attack one of the varieties of crops.

The same methods may be applied to the control of pests. These tactics use only the natural energy of the environment, he added.

“This is the type of strategy that is needed to combat the energy problem in farming” said Hill.

A question period followed the lecture with professor Hill fielding questions from the small audience.

-graham gee

4 the chevron r

friday, november 14, I 97

with this ad

% , > ’ ,,, ,, classifkd deadline is noon Tuesdays for Friday publication.

I

Lost One Commodore 3-S calculator, lost in Engineering Lecture Hall on November 6.

Buy any Medium At the regular price Pizza 1

Stolen-FIute-Gentlepersons knowing the possible identity of he/she who “borrowed” my Gemeinhardt flute during last Friday night’s floor party are begged to coax him/her to return it.

Spend your study week in Coca Beat Florida this February. Prices include r turn bus fare and accommodation Start at $170. Phone 744-l 744 for mo information.

Get Identical PIZZA

FREE I

Sadly Ian Allen, N5, Rm 314.884-9347.

Personal

I

Pregnant & Distressed? The Birth Con- trol Centre is an information and referral

PICK-UP OR EAT w OMLY

OFFER EXPIRES

Littlecac~~pip;l 1

centre for birth control, V.D., unplanned pregnancy & sexuality. For all the alternatives phone 885-l 211, ext. 3446 (Rm 206, Campus Centre) or for emergency

November 20,1975

3NE COUPON PER ORDER

, zJi~~~kgJ~d~~MreF3~i 7-l Opm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 885-l 211 ext.

, 2372.

8856060 ;

Part-time job available. Turnkey jobs available. Any registered student of the U of W may apply. General Meeting that “all” applicants “must” attend will be held January 6 at 6pm, Campus Centre Room 113. For further info write S. Phil-

L mmm---- m m m m d lips, Campus Cer$re Board, U of W.

Friday and Saturday

Once a year the Athlete’s Foot makes you an offer you can t refuse! Save up to 50% on a specral group of yualrty hiking boots by world famous manufacturers such as Rarckle, Henke, Dunham and Ballini. The Athlete s Foot has Canada s largest selection of light, medium and heavy werght hiking boots. Our staff IS extensively trained to analyse your hiking needs and to give you a perfect fit in just the right boot. So whether you’re dreaming of scaling the Eiger or just looking for a great winter boot, take advantage of our offer and save.

- Not all sizes in all styles -

the

Open Thurs. & Fri til 9 34 King St. N., Waterloo 742-4061

Waterloo Guelph Chatham

Language or style problems? I H copyedit non-technical theses, books papers, also proofread manuscript 884-8021. Cute puppy looking for good horn male, 12 weeks old, part border colli Call 884-9813 evenings. Thanks to whoever picked my bike I and put it on the centre stand on MO day. The 350-4 by the bookstore. I a preciate it. D. Lavers. Quebec Ski Tour Dec. 27 Jan. 1 $85. Full Days of Skiing at Mt. St. Anne. I Transportation & Deluxe Accommod tion included. For Information Brochure Write Canadian Ski Tours, ; Taylorwood Drive, Islington, or Phor Gord Allan 749-6900.

For Sale Cibie Headlight conversions, Ko shocks, Stebro exhaust systems, MO accessories at discount prices. Gear{ after 6pm. 744-5598. Black & White kitten, three months ol looking for a good home. Call 884-l 83!

Wanted Up to 200 Christmas trees to cut. W negotiate price. Call Malcolm 884-9463.

Typing Fast accurate typing. 40 cents a pag IBM Selectric. Located in Lakeshore v lage. Call 8846913 anytime. Experienced typist for essays, ter papers, etc. 50 cents a page include paper. Call 884-6705 anytime. I will do typing of essays and thesis my home. Please call Mrs. McKee 578-2243.

Will type essays and thesis. 50 cents page. Call Shelley at 744-9955.

Housing Available l/2 double room for female for winter i at Renison College. Contact Ma 884-8669 or 884-9164.

Housing Wanted Apartment required for a couple fl winter term in immediate vicinity of Ur versity. Ring ext. 3297 during workir hours.

twoc cont’d from pg. 2

Waterloo Christian Fellowshi Everyone is welcome to come for E informal time of Bible study and fellok ship. 5:30 pm. CC 113.

Christian Science Organizatiol Everyone is invited to attend these regi lar meetings for informal discussion 7:30 pm. Hum. 174.

The Wild Duck by Henrik Ibsen. C rected by Maurice Evans. Admissic $2, Students & Senior citizens $1.25. pm. Humanities Theatre.

K-W Chamber Music Society presen Stratford Ensemble. 8 pm. Kitchent Public Library. Admission $3.

Friday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 nool Audio Master from 9-l am. 74 ten’ after 6 pm.

“Treads A Measure in Renaissanc Style” presented by UW Dance Con pany accompanied by Music Four. Fre admission. 12:30 pm. Theatre of tr Arts.

The Wiki Duck by Henrik Ibsen. C rected by Maurice Evans. Admissic $2, Students & Senior citizens $1.25. pm. Humanities Theatre.

Federation Flicks-Amarcord directe by Frederic0 Fellini 8 pm. AL 116 Fee $1 Non-feds $1.50.

fridav, november 14, 1975 the chevron 5

MacKehzie Valley Pipeline project

Settlement. urgedc in land claims The land claim of the Dene peo-

Jle (Indians and Metis of the qorthwes t Territories) must be set- :led by the time the MacKenzie Valley Pipeline project b&ins construction.

If not it could be a real blow to ;he Indian position, ruining its organization of support and removing :he question of a land settlement iom the agenda.

These fears were voiced by 3xfam spokesman Roger Rolfe at UW Monday as part of a campaign :o inform the Ontario public on the N.W.T. land claims issue.

It is the first time Oxfam has be- ;orne involved in a Canadian issue, sranting $140,000 over the next two years to aid the Indian Brotherhood

of the N.W.T. in documenting the land claim and to provide information concerning the economic potential of their land.

The 16,000 Dene want to retain ownership over 450,000 square miles of land used intensively by themselves and their ancestors and 1 which they say was never validly surrendered by treaty.

Rolfe, who spent the summer doing research in the North, said that the only development in ‘the MacKenzie Valley region consists of six operating mines and one oil well, the government being the greatest outside interest there.

The result of this “lack of interest” is that the natives haven’t been forced onto reserves yet

-their economy, society and culture remain fairly strong.

Although the Dene still depend on hunting, fishing and trapping for a large part of their food, clothing and cash income, they are increasingly dependent on government handouts because of the penetra- tion that has gone on, Rolfe said.

“Indians oppbse development that extracts resources for profits-not development that creates opportunities and estab- lishes an economic base,” he explained.

“They see intrusion and relega- tion to reserves beginning with the MacKenzie Valley gas pipeline. ’ ’

Besides its effects on the environment, on which little research

Artsoc wants a mascot The Arts society urgently needs

a mascot to represent all arts students.

If that’s not enough to floor you and if you’re creative enough then you should enter a contest put on by Artsoc to determine the ideal symbol, object or whatever that will present arts students at their best.

Entries to the contest will be accepted from Nov. 24 to Jan. 9, 1976, and will be judged by a committee comprised of Artsoc vice- president Sandy Vaughn and a few councillors .

The mascot contest was ‘suggested by Vaughan at an Artsoc council meeting Tuesday night as a way to find a symbol which will rub shoulders with the Engsoc “rigid tool” and the Mathsoc “/pink tie”.

Once the mascot is selected, it’ll represent arts students on a permanent basis, Vaughan said.

One Artsoc councillor asked whether the mascot will require a change to the society’s constitution. President Bruce Rorrison re- plied saying that he didn’t think it would as the mascot need not appear on the society’s official statio- nary.

Another councillor thought it would be very difficult “to come up with one thing to represent all arts students. ’ ’

However, other councillors said the mascot doesn’t have tdxepres- ent all students as both the Mathsoc and Engsoc symbols don’t necessarily represent all mathematfcs and engineering students.

In other business, council gmnted the Caribbean student association $50 to partially fund a visit to UW by Walter Rodney, a West Indian historian, on Nov. 24.

The historian will be giving both an informal lecture to the general

Feds plan meeting Federation of Students president

John Shortall is planning a general meeting for UW students for Nov. 26 on the matter of s tudent financial aid.

Starting at noon in the Campus Centre the meeting will provide information on the provincial government’s reassessment of its aid to -university and college students.

Shortall is hdping to involve UW students in public hearings on the issue of London (Dec. 5) and To- ronto (Jan. 21). The hearings are part of a series of four b&g held by a government appointed committee examining financial assistance for students.

The committee has invited student, business, labor, social service, and community groups to make presentations at the hearings.

The UW Federation is considering providing transportation for

any s&dents willing to be part of a delegation.

In preparation -for the coming public sessions in London and To- ronto, the campus centre me.eting will provide an opportunity to ex- amine the fact and conjecture about the role of the committee and the government’s intentions.

There is concern that the Ontario government has already drafted part of a new aid plan that no longer includes grants.

The possible use of the committee by the government and plans for student involvement.. were discussed at a meeting of representatives from four universities and one community college.

At the gathering of student lead- ers from southwestern Ontario last Saturday, John Shortall expressed Waterloo’s interest in cooperating with other campuses in arranging transportation to the hearings.

-shane robe-

Library, amnesty days During Library Amnesty Days

Nov. 5,6 and 7 involving both the Arts and the EMS libraries, $3500 in fine revenue was foregone.

It is little wonder that the Am- nesty Days are not held too frequently , ten years ago being the last time

Amnesty Days don’t bring back many books that wouldn’t have been returned eventually, they just speed up the returns, says head lib- rarian Murray Shepherd.

At least 500 books that had been due in October were returned to the Arts Library during Amnesty

Dais. About 10 books which had been on the missing book list at ihe EMS Library for one or two years were returned.

One woman called the Arts Lib- rary to make sure the amnesty was still in effect, then dropped about five books into the book drop that were due three years ago.

The library open house including the opening of the first floor Re- serves section of the Arts Library was very successful. Four hundred cups of coffee were cons.umed and plenty of university staff and students were present.

-Iaura mclachlan

public and one aimed at history students, according to Terry Ed- wards @om the Caribbean student association.

Rodney, a Guyanese, is a specialist on African and Carib- bean history and current political affairs, Edwards said. His visit to four Ontario universities will cost $2,000 which means UW will have to put up $500, Edwards said.

To date, the association has got- ten-.,$200 from the Federation of Students, $100 from the history department and $25 from the sociol- ogy department.

Apart from being a historian, Rodney is also a political activist in Guyana and because of his left- wing politics the government has prevented him from taking a position at the University of Guyana.

Rodney was also kicked out of the University of West Indies due to his political activities.

He has written several books including How Europe Underd’e- veloped Africa and Groundings For My Brqthers. In addition, he wrote his PhD thesis on the “Slave Trade in Guinea”.

-john morris

Garden

has been done, according to Rolfe, the Dene are cdncertied about the social impact of 3,000 construction workers: living close to settlements and earning upwards of $1,500 per week.

In the longer term, he said, the seven billion dollar investment in the pipeline creates pressure for further development because of the resulting infrastructure of $roads, telecommunication and hydro- electric projects.

(According to an Oxfam brochure, the Dene are not “opposed to the proposed pipeline and ‘&re willing to grant leases to develop mineral‘resources of their lands ‘for the benefit of all Cana- dians’ .” But they want to legally own th< land with a measure of self-government, controlling education and establishing their own industries .)

“Up until now, the government has refused to negotiate on that basis-they want to negotiate on the basis of compensation,” Rolfe said.

A.decision on the application to build the pipeline should be reached within a year, he said. If it is approved there will be a lot of short-term employment and the In- dian people will be “less concerned with their land settlement and more

concerned with making money off the pipeline. ’ ’

Rolfe said that the issue is “quite pressing” because the only political cost of the government position is the alienation of the minority In- dian people. That is why Oxfam is enlisting the support of Canadians in the South, he added.

Petitions pressing the government to begin immediate negotia- tions are being circulated and a newsletter is planned whi$h will ask people for more demonstrative forms of support.

So far, the Dene have the support of the Roman Catholic, Anglican and United churches and two major unions: the United Steel Workers and the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Energy Workers.

Rolfe noted that these unions &ill be responsible for supplying pipe and workers if the pipeline project is built. I

“Nobody thinks the courts will settle this issue,” he said, “it’s really a political issue between the government and the Indian people.”

Rolfe indicated that if the Dene get nowhere through legitimate channels there will be “enormous frustration” and “violence to the pipeline is very possible.”

-dionyx mcmichael

Multicultur~lism forum Multiculturalism dill be one of Saturday’s session starts ‘&t

the main topics discussed at this noon. The speakers scheduled are years Eastern Conference of the John Piper from the Toronto Board Ukrainian Canadians Students’ of Education, Liberal M.P. John Union (SUSK) to be held on cam- Sweeney and Tony Grunde, NDP pus this weekend. member of parliament.

A spokesperson for SUSK told the chevron “the purpose of this conference is to allow a forum for the discussion of several issues that are of importance for t-he well-being and further development of our

Saturday night at 8:00 PM, a dance will be held in the Turret Balle Room at WLU.

community: ’ ’ What steps have school boards

On Sunday starting at 10:OOAM various members from youth or- ganizations will address the conference.

taken to include multiculturalism A spokesperson for SUSK said into school curricula, will be one of anyone interested in the confer- the topics under discussion. ence is welcome.

‘plots ’

The university is to expand the number of free garden plots it” makes available to students, staff and faculty each year. j

This year 120 plots were culti- vated by those fortunate enough to get their names in frst. UW president Burt Matthews anno‘unced Friday that this year’s operation vrias a great success, and he said that the number of plots will be increased to 216 next year.

But Matthews said he -hopes to find a better way of allocating the land. This. year, he said, the plots were all taken only a few hours after he had first mentioned them at a press conference. Thus the plots went to those who happened to be listening to the radio that afternoon.

He said th&e may be a nominal charge for the plots this year and he is considering a suggestion that retired people be given first choice. There are only a few retired people who want plots he said. But as yet the president has not decided how the land will be allocated.

The plots are approximately 400 square feet and are behind the op- tometry building.

Providing the .216 lots and ploughing them will cost the university about $2,000 Matthews es- timates .

GRADUATION PORTRAIT SPECIAL phone 745-8637

SPECIAL PACKAGE OFFERS IN COLOUR No. 1 l-l Ixml 4 mounted

$56.50 3-8x10 mounted 12-Wallets \ /

No. 2 2-8x10 in Woodgrain Fr’ames $46.50 2-5x7 mounted ’

8-Wallets

-No. 3 4-5x7 mounted Np. 4 1-8x10 mounted $36.50 4-Wallets $33.50 2-5~7 mounted

4-Wallets

PHOTOGRAPHERS

a 259 KING STREET WEST

King & Water Street Across From Kresges

KITCHENER, ONT.

.6 the chevron fridav, november 14, 197,

11:30 Music 12:00 JAZZ with Ian Murray

3:00 Sign Off

Marilyn Turner 12:45 Music

2:45 PERSPECTIVES- United Na-

Saturday Nov. 15 9:00 Robert Statham

12:00 James H igginson 3:00 To Be Announced 3:30 Ian Allen and Sandy Yates 6:00 Music 8:00 LIVE SPORTS COVERAGE-

From the Waterloo Arena coverage of the Waterloo vs. Queen’s hockey game. Commentators are Gary Fick, Dave Polley and Morgan Pirie.

/lo:30 David Moss 12:00 Don Cruikshank

3:00 Sign Off

Sunday Nov. 16 9:00 Greg Lemoine

12:00 MUSIC HELVETICAariginat- ing from Radio Switzerland this series of programmes features both jazz and classical music.

12:30 Classical Music and Opera with Brigitte Allen

tions Radio outline of the facts material to a maior world issue. produced weekli in New York. ’

3:00 Jeff Parry 5:30 THE WORLD AROUND US-

Government attitudes and history- of political movements in Mexico are discussed by Gil- bet-to Calvillo of U of W and former student in Mexico.

6:30 Steve Atkinson 8:00 FOLK with Stan Gap 9:00 NATIVE ISSUES- Mary Paisley,

a batik portrait artist from To- ronto, discusses how she became involved in native people’s issues through research.

9:30 JAZZ with Dennis Ruskin 12:00 Ewan Brocklehurst 3:00 Sign Off Friday Nov. 14

9:00 Carlos Mota and Mike Moore 12:00 Mike Ura 12:15 STORY-“Wizard of Oz” with

Marilyn Turner 12:45 Mike Ura

3 :00 Dave Thompson 5:30 SEXUALITY AND HUMAN

KIND-Panel discussion held at Harbour Front Festival of Women in the Arts, Topics in; elude sexism in the media

6:00 Phil Rogers 8:00 LIVE SPORTS COVERAGE-

From the Waterloo Arena coverage of the Waterloo vs. Windsor hockey game. Commentators are Gary Fick, Dave Polley, and

3:00 Harold Jarnicki 6:00 Bob Valliant 9:00 INFORMATION MADE PUBLIC-

In co-operation with CKWR-FM this -programme examines local news and issues. Hosted by Bill Culp and Bob Mason.

10:00 Ken Mitchell and Mike Kelso. 12:00 Ray Marcinow

3 :00 Sign Off.

Monday Nov. 17

Tuesday Nov. 18 9:00 Doug Baker

12:00 Dave Gillett 12:15 STORY- “Wizard of Oz” with

Marilyn Turner 12:45 Dave Gillett

2:45 SCOPE- United Nations Radio (Content will depend on mail strike)

3:00 Sally Tomek 5:30 DOWN TO EARTH FESTIVAL-

A discussion with a member of the Spice of Life Collective about their living style, their restaurant, their newspaper 1’Alternative to Alienation’ and their aooroach

Morgan Pirie. I I

9:00 Chris Hart - lo:30 The Mutant Hour with Bill Whar-

to society. 12:00 Music 6:15 Niki Klein

rie 12:15 STORY- “Wizard of Oz” with 9:00 Joe Belliveau

More than an Enslneer, Our Military Engineers are very specialised people. They design and build bridges, airstrips, base facili-

ties,-supervise and maintain all kinds of equipment on our 3ases around the world.

It’s a very special job. One that involves working Nith men. Guiding them. Training them. A job where you zan apply your knowledge in all kinds of challenging . situations.

If you’re into engineering, we can get you into something more than just an office job. An Officer’s job, tihere you can develop your full potential.

Give it some thought. We can give you plenty of Dpportunities to use your specialised knowledge in some very unusual ways.

Send this coupon for more information. 1

/ 1

.

GET INVOLVED WITH THE CANADIAN ARMED FORCES.

Directorate of Recruiting & Selection, National Defence Headquarters, Box 8989, Ottawa, Ontario KlA OK2 Please send me more information about opportunities in the Canadian Forces for Military Engineers.

Address-1 .____.___. ._ _ _______ Cityp~--.---- - --_______ .-.---.---.-P rov. L.-

___--- -.-Postal Code---p_---

Universityp-_ - - Course.--------.---.- _ _ __.-_-______I -_._-_-___ __ Year--------

10:00 LIVE BROADCAST FROM 1 PUB- This week, Audio Master

12:00 Ewan Brocklehurst 3 :00 Sign Off

Wednesday Nov. 19 r 9:00 Pat Dunn

_-

12:00 David Glendenning 12:15 STORY- “Wizard of Oz” .with

Marilyn Turner 12:45 David Glendenning

3:00 Bill Stunt 5:30 COUCHICHING 1975- Two

discussions-First with Dr. Cap- Ian, of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, on cultural approaches to education in the third world. Second with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of the World Bank about women and their role in international development.

6:15 Bert Bonkowski

900 IS THIS IT? Local news an commentary with Mike Gordor

9:30 BLUES with Nathan Ball 12:00 Nigel Bradbury

3:00 Sign Off

Thursday Nov. 20 9:00 Music

12:00 Greg Yachuk 12:15 STORY- “Wizard of Oz” wit

Marilyn Tu mer 12:45 Greg Yachuk 3:00 DISCO WATERLOO with Joh

Williams 5:30 SPORTS REPORT with Gar

Fick and Niel Wrigley 6:00 Andy Bite 9:00 POVERTY AND THE CHILD- Tc

Be Announced 9:30 Mike Devillaer

12:00 Larry Sttireky and Lou Montan: 3:00 Sign Off

Cbriomtie review I -

members biased OTTAWA (CUP)-The executive members of the roy.al commission on corporate concentration were challenged as being hopelessly prejudiced at their first public appearance here Nov. 3.

The commissioners were asked to resign at the first of a planned series of public hearings, because of their personal and professional interests in big business-the sub-

ject of the inquiry. They were also accused of nar-

rowing the scope of the inquiry before the hearings began so as to avoid dealing with the power of banks, the impact of foreign ownership, and competition policy.

Chairman Robert Bryce announced that he thought matters were satisfactory. However, per- sonally he felt reluctant to deal with matters concerning energy interests because of past involvement in determining government energy policy.

He also acknowledged that another member of the royal Corn- mission, Pierre Nadeau, might also have reservations because of his o%n corporate background.

But he rejected the challenge to resign froni Toronto political ac- tivists, James Lorimer and James Laxer, both acting on behalf of the Corporate Research Group.

Bryce, a former deputy finance minister and Canada’s representative to the International Monetary Fund, was named chairman when the royal commission was first announced last April.

The setting up of the royal commission followed an attempt last spring by the Montreal-based Power Corporation to take’ control of the Toronto-based Argus Corpo-

ration. Nadeau, whose appo‘fntment tc

the royal commission was an nounced later by the prime minis ter, is a board member of the Roya Bank of Canada, which has link! with Power Corporation, and othe: conglomerates.

The final member of the three person commission is Robert Dick ers&h, a lawyer with long Libera traditions and a clientele of con glomerates .

The three were mandated to “in vestigate the economic and socia implications for the public interes’ of major concentrations of corpo, rate power” and to recommend an) safeguards “that may be requirec to protect the public interests.”

Bryce denied the royal commis sion was too narroti in its scope and said members were not in. terested in the already studied are2 of foreign ownership, or in making detailed ammendments to the Bank Act.

He had previously announced E decision not to get involved ir competition policy due to existing proposed legislationin that area.

Bryce also rejected the idea oi paying non-corporate witnesses who might wish to appear in order to give testimony, saying he did no1 know what the royal commission could gain by such an appearance.

Previously, however, he described the hearings as more “a public airing of views” than an outright government inquiry.

Following the Nov. 3-4 hearings in Ottawa, the royal commission will hold sessions in Halifax, Van- couver, Cakary, Winnipeg, Montreal and Toronto over the next month.

Bacteria eats Guelph meat GUELPH (CUP)-Cyril Duitschaver, a Food Services professor here, must be wondering what he did wrong.

Duitschaver sampled bacteria levels in 159 luncheon meats, found uncomfortably high levels in some, and gave the results to the CBC. The CBC broadcast them recently on its Sunday evening consumer show, Marketplace.

After the broadcast, Food Sciences head J.M. DeMan was quick to apologize to the Meat Packers Council of Canada industry group. DeMan said he didn’t like the way ‘in which the findi,ngs were presented, and that the CBC was being sensational in its broadcast.

The Meat Packers Council interpreted DeMan’s private remarks as a full-scale apology, and released them to the media.

Meanwhile, Marketplace producer Murray Creed was backpedalling. The high bacteria levels found by Duitschaver weren’t necessarily dangerous, he said. ’

“They may not hurt you, but then a fly in your soup wouldn’t hurt you either. Still who wants to eat one?”

The only person to back Duitschaver was University of Guelph research dean William Tossell, who made a statement that the university supported the research fully.

“One could say that most of our research is controversial in some way. But our policy as a public institution, is to conduct research that industry, business or government needs done and to make that information available to the public,” he said.

Duitschaver sampled luncheon meats made by four companies-Burns, Schneider, Canada Packers and Swift. Pi;oducts from Burns had the highest bacteria levels, 12,000 times higher than those of Schneider, the cleanest company.

The university’s Food Sciences department depends for p-lrt of its funding on the food industry, including meat packers. The University of Guelph’s board of governors is well-stocked with representatives from the meat-packing industry.

iriday, november 14, 1975 the ‘chevron 7

Former’ .missionary talks on Chinese society Reverend Jim Endicott was once

a missionary to China. He was also once an advisor to Chiang Kai- Shek, and at one time an informant to the US Secret Intelligence Ser- vice (SIS) before‘ becoming a staunch supporter of the Chinese Revolution. -

The 77 year-old Canadian chur- chman is animated history. Chou En-la& Chiang Kai-shek, and Richard Nixon are not just names he has picked off a page, they are people with whom he has had personal experience.

He was on campus Nov.- 6 to share some of that experience and knowledge with a very enthusiastic audience of about 175 people at the last Canada-China Friendship Soc- iety meeting.

Endicott spoke on Chinese society today but he stressed that in order to understand China today it was necessary to be familiar with its history. He contrasted the coun-

Reverend jim Endicott

try which now exports food to the one which, when he was a child, constantly issued appeals for sup- plies.

Endicott was born in China and lived there until he was eleven. He was then educated in Ontario and returned as a well-meaning Christ- ian missionary.

Like others of his kind, he said he

didn’t understand the Chinese situation. He and his colleagues de- spaired with the country’s illiter+ acy, poverty and disease. -But, he said, it was the communists who taught them that those were merely symptoms of the two great evils China laboured under-fuedalism and imperialism.

“We read the bible but not the unequal treaties”, he explained. And when the revolution started he saX“we read Time and Readers’ Digest, but that is a very poor way of understanding a revolution”.

But Endicott worked at understanding the revolution and concluded that it was written into Chinese history. The seeds of it were in the Tai-ping Rebellion of 1850, he said, when over half the country was taken over by a peas-. ant land reform movement.

His understanding became more acute through experience with the Chiang Kai-shek regime., the SIS

restraints attacked \ The federal government’s

“Wage and Price Restraints” are an attack on the working people of Canada, but Canadians are fighting back, and will continue to fight back.

This, along with an extensive analysis of the restraints and their repercussions, was the topic of a meeting which 75 people from the Kitchener-Waterloo community attended last Wednesday night.

Speaking at the meeting sponsored by the Anti-Imperialist Al- liance under the title “Fight Wage Controls” were Hardial Bains, chairman of the Communist Party of Canada (Marxis t-Leninist), and Doug Wahlsten, a psychology Prof. from UW.

Both speakers put forward the slogans “Make the Rich Pay”, and “Defeat the Government” as the most concentrated expression of the Canadian people’s reactions to the wage restraints.

In his speech, Bains countered some of the governments explana- tion of wage controls.

Answering Trudeau’s urge to workers to live within their own means, Bains said that it is a scientific fat t that workers are-payed the lowest wage possible, and that they are already living within their means. Impoverishment is a basic feature of the working class he said, citing that 24 percent of workers live at the poverty level. Bains also questioned if Trudeau was “living within his means’ ’ .

The government has said that it is trying to protect the non- unionized worker with these controls. But Bains said that the government is not really concerned with the non-unionized worker. He said that in general, they work for small business which is owned by the petty-bourgeoisie. The controls will eliminate this class he said, which is to the benefit of the monopoly capitalists that the White Paper was designed to serve.

By instituting these comrols, Bains said, the government has created a split between the , monopoly capitalists and all other classes, including the petty- bourgeoisie, or small businessmen. The slogans that the meeting had organized under, he said, were chosen to show the existence of this split and to ‘cement’ it.

Bains said that the controls were a mere beginning. A financial crisis leads to an economic crisis, and an economic crisis leads to a political . . ‘,‘i^151S.

The +aslitical crisis now, Bains said, is that the workers will start fighting back, and this will reduce the ruling class to division and in- fighting.

Opportunist and terrorist tactics should be opposed, since they are utopian, Bains said.

He said that it is necessary to look at what tactics arise historically, and at this point the people must concentrate on building a solid base. He said the working class is not yet strong enough to use a general strike as an effective weapon. He cited localized strikes as being appropriate to use at this point.

Bains also said that the role of Marxist-Leninists at this point was to encourage the development of mass opposition, to take an active part in trade unions, and to clarify political, economic, cultural and social issues.

In his speech, Wahlsten pointed out the similarities between the government’s “Green Paper on Immigration”, and the “White Paper on Wage and Price Re- straints’ ’ . He said that the government had a “coherent line” in the green paper, which‘was to blame the Canadian people, especially immigrants, for problems such as unemployment.

The reason‘for the Green Paper’s existence, the Prof. said, was to try and convince the Canadian people that a section of the people were to blame for the problems in Canada. The government then used this as a justification to implement broad repressive measures, he said.

He went on to say that the new

The wage controls do the same thing, Wahlsten said, only more extensively .

government policy was only wage controls and not price controls, citing the White Paper itself: “Firms are expected, to refrain from increasing the price of any individual product more frequently than once every three months, except where this would impose severe hardships on the firm. Retailers and wholesalers will be exempt from this requirement. ”

Wahlsten said that major in- flationary factors such as food and energy costs, and interest rates were also not included in the price guidelines.

Wahlsten showed that wages, on the other hand, will decline under the guidelines. ,The government proposes that increases in wages be restricted by a basic protection factor, up to which employers and employees will be ‘free to negotiate’. If the basic protection factor does not cover the rise in the cost of living then the difference between the cost of living and the basic protection factor can be included in the allowable compensation increase for the next year.

Under these guidelines, Wahl- sten said, the worker is always one step behind inflation.

Wahlsten concluded by saying that the wage controls are a bad thing for anyone who works. He commented that Trudeau had said

that the government would have to be defeated before wage and price restraints could be defeated. Wahl- sten then called for the defeat of the government.

+hristopher jones

1976 Winter Term

Room & Board Dag Hammarskjold Philip Street $510.00 Double $520:00 $570.00 Single $580.00 $630.00 Large Single $640.00

Non-Resident meal plans also available.

Waterloo Co-operative Residence Inc. 280 Phillip St. Waterloo

. 884-3670

and the communists. For one and a half years Endicott

served as a personal advisor to Chiang. He said the experience taught him that the Koumintang government ‘ ‘was hopelessly rot- ten and had no chance of giving good government to China, and wouldn’t probably last”. He left in 1941 and returned to University.

He was then approached by the SIS and asked to help in a study of the Chinese communists, their strengths and their origins. He agreed on the grounds that he would do nothing to harm the Chinese people.

that he feels history has shownhis own analysis to be-correct.

He has returned to China several times since the revolution. He was last there in April and May ofthis year and was pleased with what he saw.

What he witnessed he said was the result of careful steps taken by the communists in their attempts to change “economic man-into social man.”

He hoped the study would prove to the US that the revolution was indigenous to China and thus per- suade them not to back the Koumintang government. But, he said, Roosevelt ignored it.

However, while doing the study he met Chou En-lai and other leading communists. He said he told them what he was doing and made an agreement with them that they should only tell him what they wanted the US to know.

The integrity, self-sacrifice and analysis of the communists impre- ssed Endicott so much that he

joined the revolution, and for one and a half years helped to put out a Shanghai newsletter.

Chinese society today is also the ’ result of the Cultural Revolution. A violent, forceful revolution, he said, which saved the Communist . Party from becoming an elitist bureaucracy. Mao, he said, used the youth as the main force to over- throw this elitism. The cultural re- volutiqn was a success said En- dicott, and he pointed out it is now part of the Chinese constitution that the people have the right to more cultural revolutions if they , feel they are needed.

That success plus the mass study of the communist classics Endicott finds encouraging. He said the people are being encouraged to read these works so that they will fully understand the “dictatorship-of the property-less class” (pro- letariat), and what stage China is at in laying the foundations for a new communist society.

He then returned’ to Canada and let tured on “The Nature of the Chinese Revolution”. He spoke of an indigenous revolution following a historical trend. But his views met with opposition from his fellow missionaries, the powerful China lobby in the US, and an organization called the Committee of a Mill- ion, among whose brethren were such notables as Richard Nixon, Dean-Rusk and Dean Acheson.

Endicott also talked briefly about the Chinese foreign policy. Hesaid the key is the Chinese con- viction that the Soviet Union has reverted to capitalism. They consider the Soviet Union to be a social imperialist country (socialist in . words, imperialist in deeds). .

The Soviet Social Imperialists

The reverend made it obvious

His opponents argued that the communists were not Chinese, but Moscow puppets, and that the revolution would not last.

Endicott said one of their spokesmen came to Canada and said “Mao Tseitung has no more influence in China than that taxi driver out there.”

and the US imperialists will lead the world to a global war unless the countries of the Third World over- throw imperialism.

-neil docherty

Endicott said the Chinese believe detente and all talk of arms . limitation to be a sham. He said they want all countries to declare to + the United Nations that they will abolish all nuclear weapons and then convene a world conference to ensure this is done.

What is our program? it’s our Sales & Marketing Management Program and it gives you inside information on what it takes to become a successful insurance sales manager. It covers subjects such as selling techniques, law and taxation in relation to insurance and estate planning, to name a few. The “why” of our program is simple; we need young graduates with management potential. Your own reasons may have to do with ambition and high income potential. . Why not fill in the coupon below and we’ll let you look at the whole program. *

@a - The Canada Life Assurance Company . r -----1---11-------------------------------

: The Canada Life Assurance Company : , 330 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1 R8 !

; Send me more information about your Sales & Mark<ting Manage- : , ment Program.

i

NAME

ADDRESS

UNIVERSITY

PHONE

COURSE (Include resume if available.)

8 the chevron friday, november 14, 197.’

Chords vibrate Variety and colour marked the

atmosphere of the eighth annual all-choirs night held in the Concor- dia Club, Kitchener, Monday night.

The informal event, arranged by Alfred Kunz, UW’s director of music, brought together different styles of musical interpretation and also gave students of U W’s choirs a chance to meet and hear other choirs in the Waterloo region. )

The ten choirs which were present constituted the Concordia Mixed and Male choirs under the direction. of Alfred Kunz, the Sweet Adelines under Florence Hall, the Marienchor (St. Mary’s German Congregation) under Carl Shropp, the Teachers’ Choir under Howard Le Roy, the Holy Saviour Church Choir under David Hall, UW’s Chamber Choir and Concert Choir under Kunz, the Teutoriia Choir of Stratford under Walter Muellar ‘and the Twin City Har- monizers under Lyle Pettigrew.

All choirs first warmed up together by singing the theme song of the K-W Saengerfest, “Come Brother, Come Friend”, written

and composed by Alfred Kunz. The Concordia Mixed Choir then

opened the program by singing “We greet you in the name of Cor- cordia”. It received enthusiastic applause.

Following the Concordia Choir, the Sweet Adelines provided a con- trasting style of music, especially with their rendition of “Dangerous Dan Mcgrew’ ’ , by Robert Service. Everyone enjoyed the short skit put on with the song.

The Teachers’ Choir, which also includes vice-principals, sec- retaries and principals, preformed Beethoven’s ‘ ‘Halleluiah Chorus of the Mount of Olives”. I_

The audience thoroughly enjoyed Daniel Pinkham’s Christmas Cantata (Allegro No. III) sung by UW’s Chamber Choir.

Following this, UW’s Concert Choir sang some newer pieces composed by Alfred Kunz. One of these, entitled “Who has seen the wind”, drew the best and the war- mest response from the audience. It will be heard again in the Carol Fantasy.

-isabella grigoroff

TEQUILA SAUZA Margarita SAUZA 1% oz. TEQUILA SAUZA l/2 oz. Triple Set 1 oz. lime or lemon iuice

WIIII Liwneu Moisten rim of cham- pagne glass with rind, then dip moistened rim in salt. 1 Sip cocktail over salted edge.

,

Members of the university choir and various community choirs practise the “Song of joy” from the last movement of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony.’ The cho(r is conducted by UW director of Music, Alfred Kunz. The piece will be performed as part of the Carol Fdntasy program scheduled for the Humanities Theatre at the end of the month.

UW& KW voices combine for Ludwig’s piece

Two hundred singers from the University and the K-W Commun- ity Choirs will perform the “Song of Joy” from the last movement of Ludwig Van Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony on Nov. 28,29 and 30.

It will be presented in the Humanities Theatre as part of UW’s Carol Fantasy program.

The choir has spent long hours on this demanding piece, and according to Alfred Kunz, UW’s director of music, it “is doing an incredible job. It has worked hard and is giving a good sound.”

The Ninth Symphony was Beethoven’s last symphony and it took about one and a half years to complete. Beethoven composed it when he was completely deaf.

He searched for a strong theme in the last movement and found his answer through words.

“Universal brotherhood” became the main subject for the choral setting of the Ninth Sym- phony. Beethoven wrote it to the magnetic words of Schiller’s poem “Ode to Joy”. He had been familiar with Schiller’s poem thirty years earlier and had then planned on setting it to music. He also used

the “Ode to Joy” theme in his Choral Fantasia for piano, chorus and arches tra.

Beethoven found in this poem a philosophy and, according to Kunz, what he has done to the music and words “transcends all things. ”

The first performance of the Ninth Symphony took place in Vienna on May 7, 1824. Today, it remains one of Beethoven’s best loved symphonies.

The movie “Clockwork Orange” gave the “Song of Joy” a new surge of popularity. However the Ninth Symphony has been well recognized in a classical sense for many years, undoubtedly due to the excitement and dynamic power of the whole work.

Because the voice parts of the choral setting are extremely difficult it raises the question of whether amateurs should perform it. To Kunz, however, there is no reason for amateurs not to sing the piece. For as he simply stated, “music is written to be performed.” Furthermore Kunz finds it rewarding in itself to know that every singer and every player has

l- HE BIGGER . . . THE BETTER? A DlAMOND FABLE

The moral of our storyis simple. . . don’t judge a diamond by size alone. Quality not

quantity decides the value of a diamond. We can show you how cutting, clarity and color

determine the worth of a diamond. You’ll dazzle with pride knowing you’ve chosen the best

like the experts do. . . and that’s no fable.

enjoyed the work. “In making this choice, I ‘don’1

have to account to anyone, except to my own conscience,” saic Kunz:

On Tuesday night the Concerl Choir and the soloists rehearsec together for the first time. The sound was good and it appears thal the performance will indeed be 2 reward for both audience and sin gers .

Raymond Daniels has done ar admirable job in accompanying the choir on the piano for rehearsals.

The soloists will be Sister Bar bara Ianni of Toronto, soprano Ruth Anne Archibald of Kitchener contralto; Jake Willms, UW’s As, sistant to the dean, tenor; ant Theodor Baerg of Laurier Univer sity, baritone.

On the same program UW’s Chamber Choir will sing Bach’: Kantate Nr. 142, “Uns ist ein Kinc geboren”. The Concert Band wil play some numbers and there wil also be a “good old fashioned sing along.”

The choir will also give a pre. miere performance of ‘some ol Kunz’s- own works such as the songs “Like to the falling of 2 star”, “Do you love me or do you not”, and “Who has seen the wind”.

-isabella grigorofi

oooooops’

Last week the chevron reported’ that the Arts society donated $25 to the UW Young Socialist Club. In fact, Artsoc gave the student club only $10 with the proviso that if more funds were needed then the

,group could approach council again. The chevron reporter at the time was sleeping or otherwise daydreaming. Needless to say, the reporter has been severely re- primanded by the chevron editorial staff.

CANADA’S LARGEST SERVICE $3.50 per. page

Send now for latest catalog. En- close $5.00 to cover return post- e.

ESSAY SERVICES 57 Spadina Ave., Suite #208

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

.(416) 366-6649 ~ Our reseych setvice is sold

for research assistance only. Campus Reps. required. Please write.

During Postal Strike Please Phone. Do not call collect. We will send a free catalogue by bus.

. Bus charges C.O.D.

. -

friday, november 14, 1975, - the chevron _ 9 -

. - _,

.ln its mesknt form . ,- \ I ,

, I ,

: / -

A@itiu~turq is. harmful toI Oui: h&h - I Agriculture- is harmful to our ’ Hill pointed out that some of the

health, enormously energy depen- most nutritious ,meats are organ dent and too damaging to the envi- meats which also contain pes- ronment to continue in its present ticides. - _ form.

These alarms were sounded by He said that to avoid pesticides we

either have to trim off the best %tuart Hill, zoology professor at part of the food or’ “fry the hell out McGill University, in a talk on the of it. ” -- long-term viability of agriculture Nutrition issacrificed at the har- presented at UW last Thursday. vesting stage of production if the

“I think what is happening in ag- plant is not yet ripe, Hill said. The riculture right now is that the health vitamin content can vary consider- objective is being lost and in its ,ably, he said, even duringthe same place we are putting the maximum day, depending on when the plant is amount of food by whatever tech-:- picked. nological means are available,” Food can deteriorate still more said Hill. ’ due to transportation, storage and

He deplored the practice in ag- processing which causes “an riculture of selecting plants for enormous degradation in food qua& non-nutritional factors such-as pro- ity,” he said. Packaging can lead to ductivity, esthetic appearance, contamination of food with the sol- shelf-life and ability to be vents used in the manufacture of machine-picked. Hybridization, in plastic materials, the professor some cases, has resulted in lower said. quality foods, Hill said. A breakdown of nutritional qual-

The nutritional quality of foods is affected by a reduction in vitamins,

ity occurs even in the preparation and cooking of food-for consump-

minerals, amino acids, enzymes tion, Hill said, maintaining that we and flavour, the professor stated. should stop over-cooking our food

“If our objective is health, we should presumably be doing things -

and eat at least half of it raw. Hill reiterated that agriculture is

at each stage that increase the qual- “off the track” with respect to its ity of food,” Hill argued. “In fact, original objectives and “we’ve got

-your investment when we’re’living -in a world of _ diminishing energy

resources ,” Hill said. -“Our present agriculture is just tooexpensive to ckry on”. / -

Hill noted- that in 1850, 94 per cent of the energy in the world came from the muscles of men and domestic animals whereas in 1970, 94 per cent of the energy came from _ coal, oil and natural gas.

“ WeJve got to weap ourselves off this energy,” Hill warned. Be- sides being expensive and uncer- tain, our reliance on fossil fuels is wasteful and damaging to the environment, the professor said.

Hill explained that if we didn’t have- inorganic. fertilizers, we would be forced to use animal waste and plant wastes for that purpose.

But instead of being returnedto the system they come from, these wastes are dug into non-productive land as land-fill, burned, or thrown away-causing soil, air and water pollution, the professor said.

Thus, agriculture is now a linear system rather than a cyclical one as in nature, Hill said.

Concerning the impact of pes-. ticides on the.environment, Hill es-

when we come to look at what-hap? to start looking at what we can do at ’ timated that from 10 to 40 per 6% pens in ,agriculture, we do exactly each of these stages of agricultural of the pesticide reaches the target the opposite . ’ ’ ’ production to improve food qual- pest -and the rest of it is dispersed

For instance, the soil type isn’t ity.” 3. into the surrounding-area. taken into account when matching . Another problem that modern. the plant to the site, said HilL agriculture has to grapple with, Hill

The casualties are predators of

Fertilizers and irrigation must be the pest-our “free control”-tid

said, is its dependence on non- used to make the soil suitable for renewable, fossil-fuel energy..

beneficial organisms that may have

growing a particular crop since the no relationship with the pest, such

site is-selected on the basis of While agriculturalists in general as birds, bees and fish. ,

tell us that productivity is improv- .- economic factorsand ease of ing every year, this represents a

“We shouldn’t be producing any

mechanization, the professor said. synthetic, inorganic compounds

greater, yield per energy unit per - The trouble with fertilizers, Hill -man-not per energy unit invested,

that don’t have a counterpart in nature because they are going to ac-

said, is that they usually c.ontain the professor said. nitrogen and sometimes potassium‘

cumulate and they are going to Other energy inputs not taken ’ poison us,” Hill warned.

or phosphorus -but not the whole into-nt are farm machinery, He quoted an ‘ ‘eminent Cana- range of trace elements. the feed industry, fertilizers and< dian entomologist” as saying that

This deficiency can become pesticides. serious in the widespread practice * of monoculture-raising only one

Hill -said that an energy intensive DDT is no longer a problem in the developed world where is has been

country like Canada probably av- crop on land used for no other erages at least 10 times the amount

F banned, and that in the tropics where it is used for mosquito con-

purpose-since the plant takes the of energy going in as energy coming trol it is not released into the envi- same nutrients from the soil year out in the-form of food. ronment. after year with a resulting reduction In meat production, the ratio is “Absolute rubbish,” ‘Hill de: in trace minerals, the professor even higher, requiring about 50 clared, explaining that when the stated. units of energy to produce one unit

Hill said that the production of of energy in the form of steak, he sun beats down in the tropics the-

vitamins is related to the availabil- DDT is vaporized and carried by -

added. ity of these trace minerals.

air currents towards the polar reg- _

‘A further disadvantage’ of fer- “This isavery poor return on ions where the air is cooled, dump-

tilizers; he added, is that a plant may receive too, much nitrogen, thereby producing more sugar and absorbing more water than normally. If ,large amounts of nitrate are taken up by the plant, health problems, particularly in babies, may occur.,

Hill noted that some baby foods, such as “Carrot puree”, have been taken off the market because of the high levels of nitrate.

Food is becoming further con- taminated with synthetic, inorganic chemicals as a result of pesticide use, Hill said. “We’re forced into a strange dilemma, forcedinto choos- i.ng whether we get maximum food value from foods or whether we avoid eating pesticides.” -

TERMPAPERS SERVICE (Reg’d.)

papers o_n file _ $3.00 per page

(Catalogues $4.00 each) OR CUSTOM MADE -

at reasonable cost - _416-783-6505

after hours 416-638-3559 3l99 Bathurst St. Suite 206

Toionto, Ontario

Y 5 W Motor Hotel w - I , 871 Victoria St. N. -. 744--351.1

1 -- _ \ NO JEANS PLEASE ’ - ’ Every Wednesday is Single8 Night -..

IN THE CROWN ROOM iHIS WEEK

>NEXT WEEKJEANETTE BRANTLET -Y and; the ARRANGEMENT e-r

ing its load of pesticide. Consequently, “many Eskimo

lactating mothers will often have a higher DDT content in their milk than a nursing mother in Montreal

_ or Toronto or the tropics.” Hill charged that-our present ag-

riculture is out of touch with biol- ogy and that this is seen in our approach to a pest problem. “When we- have a pest in agriculture, we think in tE?ins of a pesticide to kill it.”

He compared this to- searching for an aspirin to soothe a headache which may be cause by tight shoes or no breakfast.

Over 50 per cent of pests in Canada were introduced by plants selected from other countries, Hill said, but it is due to such faulty agricultural practices as monoculture that the ‘pests have been dispersed .

- The -breeding of plants is invariably done in the presence of pes; ticides which prevents the plant from developing pest resistance, he

- said. Furthermore-, if the ‘site is

selected not for its suitability to the needs of the plant but on the.basis

_ of economic ‘factors, the plant is

“stressed” and becomes more sus- ceptible to pests, the* professor said.

Hill suggested that-the tendency to treat symptoms rather than causes is not just a problem in agriculture but characterizes ‘our approach to over-population, pollution, the overkill- of resources, mal-distribution problems, pre- judice and power problems.

He criticized the specialization of knowledge, suggesting that so-’ called experts on remote subjects lose touch with real problems in the “support environment”. ’

As an example of this, -Hill cited a study of the feeding behaviour of the mink conducted by four states in the United States, all unaware of the others’ activities and each funded by $250,000 for the past 10 years.

He was ‘pleased with increasing interest in eastern religions such as zen Buddhism which have a ten: tral philosophy of being one\ with nature.

. “We must start becoming more aware of feedback from the environment and more understanding of the relationship between causes and effects ,” Hill urged.

-~ -4iony~ mcmichael

._ _ Nurses recommend First aid for cdlds

24 tab& - \ -

$1 27 w- , until Nov. 22 \ i

w westmount place pharmacy. 578-8800 \

Delivery Seniice - MotwSAT-9 am - IO pin

-_ SUN &‘kiOL!DAYS 11 am - 9 pm

--

IO the chevron friday, november 14, 1$7'S

Presidents meet in Ottawa

iversity won7en 3 ro/e ed I OTTAWA (CUP)-Truth stretch- ing and self-justification took on a new meaning when the nation’s university presidents met Oct. 27-30 in Ottawa to discuss the role and status of women in Canadian universities.

“Women and Universities” was the official theme of this year’s annual meeting of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), a national organization representing Canada’s 65 degree granting institutions, and I referred to by some as “the president’s club”.

Although university presidents were the primary participants, other administrators, some faculty and even a smattering of chosen staff and students were brought along for the two-day annual stint at Ottawa’s Skyline Hotel.

“I hope that we can go beyond the mere recital -of woes, expres- sions of guilt or self-justifications” and do something “much more positive, lasting and concrete,” said newly enthroned AUCC president, Michael Oliver of Carleton. University, opening the session.

Recital of woes

A statistic al compendium pre-

Reports were presented to the

sented by Statistics Canada con-

delegates confirming that universities are sexist in their hiring, pay

taining data for the 1971 to 1974

and promotion of women staff, both academic and non-academic.

period not only documented the unequal treatment accorded

showed the situation is not improving.

The proportion of women faculty-13 per cent of the total -remained unchanged during the past four years, despite talk of the need for change.

And women academics continue to be paid less than their male colleagues, still tend to occupy the lower academic ranks, and are still promoted less frequently.

In short, women academics as a group do not receive work opportunities equal ta those men receive, and those that do find equal work do not receive equal pay.

Non-academic women staff do not have it any better, and the traditional practice of sex-typing jobs and underpaying women who do them continues unabated.

Reva Clavier of the Simon Fraser University library workers union outlined the sexist personnel policies of her university to a workshop attended mostly by people who enforce or operate under similar policies.

Meanwhile, she continued, a secretary 11 must have grade 12, preferably some university education, be bilingual, have good typing and dictation skills and previous of-

Referring to existing collective agreements and job descriptions at SFU, Clavier explained that an “equipment man”, a position which requires no work or educational experience, is responsible for operating the gymnasium equipment room and for doing laundry. He receives $465.25 every two weeks for his efforts.

The responsibilities for this category include preparing confi- dential documents and minutes, arranging for the boss’s travel, handling incoming visitor groups, and maintaining the department’s files, along with other duties, Clavier said.

This job, invariably filled by a woman, pays $367.97 every two weeks, almost $100 less than the equipment man receives.

“The issue here is not equal pay for equal work,” Clavier said, “what is needed is equal pay for work of equal value.”

She urged universities to reas- sess their personnel policies and pay women in accordance with the burden of work and the responsibilities they assume.

Sparce info The information presented on

women students was sparce except for what was provided in the Statis- tics Canada compendium.

That report showed two persis- tent trends evident throughout the recent and not-so-recent past.

One is that women students continue to predominate in traditional “female study areas” such as nursing, household science and education, while still being under- represented in traditional male dominated areas such as engineering, commerce, medicine, law, mathematics and sciences.

The other is that women students are under-represented at all levels of study, and the attrition rate for women students increases the farther up the academic ladder you

women by universities, but also fice experience. look. -

Once upon a time, in the summer of 1914, a tiny street was formed in the town of Berlin. And it was called Moyer Place. Over the years, as Berlin grew larger and changed its name, Moyer Place slowly started to disappear into the hustle and bustle of bin citv business. Until 1975. . . when it was rebuilt and called

ARKET Market Village. - 1

VILLAGE ,&TORE DIRECTORY: THE DOLL’S HOUSE, SYNTHESIS II, TRAPPINGS II, TRADEWINDS, THE LOBSTICK, CUT’N PLACE, PLANTED POTTS.

Women constitute 38.3 per cent of the undergraduate student population, 26 per cent of the graduate population, and only 18 per cent of the total number of doctoral candidates.

As far as the status of women students is concerned, the situation at present was shown to be much the same as-in the past.

One workshop debate centered around the issue of whether women’s studies programs should be encouraged, or whether effort should be made to guide women into the traditional male dominated areas.

A background document prepared for the conference by the AUCC secretariat gave a listing of women’s study courses, programs and research going on at Canadian universities, or at least that is what the report, titled “Status of Women in Canadian Universities 1975”, purported to be.

Inspection revealed, however, that much of its contents were just ‘ ‘padding’ ’ , as one delegate put it.

The University of Toronto, for instance, listed courses ranging from contemporary Canadian economics to Chaucer studies to Tudor history under the heading “Women’s Studies Programs and Courses”.

Carleton University’s listing of “research projects and publica- tions’ ’ showed equal imagination.

It listed a draft report whicbas never made and has been scrapped; a report of an advisory committee on equal rights for women whose members are not sure if they ever have or will meet: a student project, a faculty member described as “doing some research on women but is on sabbatical leave” ; a three-page statement about women presented last June to the Ontario Council of University Affairs; and only one bona-fide research project which will be completed in 1977.

This research did not prevent Carleton president Michael Oliver from exhorting at the podium: “Where universities are more important than other institutions is in research and analysis . . .and research on sex roles simply won’t get done unless we do it.”

Oliver’s role at the conference, however, was not restricted to ora- tion. When the report on child care services came up for discussion the new AUCC President found himself actively engaged in the subject.

The report was prepared by Elaine McLeod, and made it clear that universities are doing next to nothing to provide child care services for those who study or work on campuses.

Universities, she said, even fail to acknowledge that they have responsibilities in this area, she un- derlined her point by handing over her 17-week-old infant to Oliver when she was asked to address the conference.

No provision had been made for child care for delegates, much to the regret of Oliver who sat at the head table patiently holding the infant amidst popping flashbulbs.

Concrete action? That something “much more

positive, lasting and concrete” that president Oliver sought from the conference, if it was to be found at all, should have appeared in the re-

’ commendations coming from the works hops.

But the structure of AUCC is such that the annual meeting has no power to make policy resolutions, or to instruct member institutions to take any particular action.

All the annual meeting can do is to “advise” the AUCC board of directors, who are mostly university presidents and administrators. The- board in turn, can only “urge” members to adopt a specific course.

- The result is that none of the workshop recommendations have any binding force on anyone. But there were plenty of recommendations, although none demanded that “affirmative action” programs be instituted by universities to re- verse the efforts of the unequal treatment accorded women. -

Probably the most descriptive “action” taken was there-adopting of a series of recommendations in- tended to improve the status of women in Canadian universities previously passed by the AUCC annual meeting back in 1971.

These resolutions, which the in- tervening years have shown were largely ignored by the AUCC member institutions, included “advising” the AUCC board to:

- “actively encourage” mem- ‘bers to promote more women to administrative and policy making posts ;

-‘ ‘urge’ ’ members to eliminate job stereotyping and salary diffe- rentials based on sex;

continu,d on page 11

(planted weoffer potts ' 'E::::::t 1

6 Market Village 5764990 .

friday, november 14, 1975 the chevron 11

Universities shun \ child care needs

OTTAWA (CUP)-Universities the increasing number of two- have beeri doing a deplorable job of parent working families, the need providing child-care - services- for for long-term university-based the university, according to a rei child care is evident.” port on child care service at Cana- __ Demographic data which could dian universities release,d Oct. 29.

The report, presented to the annual meeting of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), says “child-care is dealt with on an ad hoc crisis oriented basis” by Canadim universities.

“Child-care is not perceive; as a service program nor as an accepted activity of the university community,? it states.

According to the report, the major problem is that universities assume little responsibility for planning, development or financing of child-care facilities.

But, “given current trends in the university student population and

wonlen continued from page 10

Currently, campus child care services across Canada provides space for a total of 1,850 preschoolers and services for 50 6- 12-year-olds .

-‘ ‘urge* ’ members to provide materpity leave and child care services for women faculty and staff,

-‘ ‘urge’ ’ members to plan courses designed for women want- ing to return to the labour force; and .

-‘ ‘.urge ’ ’ member universities to include studies about and for women in the social sciences curriculum.

The author of the study, Elaine McLeod, told the conference that her survey of existing campus child care facilities showed that not only were universities unwilling to become involved in child care, they refused to even acknowledge the existence of such facilities as are set up. I

Also passed were recommendations advising the AUCC board to “urge its member institutions to support financially and otherwise” the emergence and development of women’s studies programs, and the holding of a national conference to discuss curriculum in this area.

Project initiation, financial planning, and program development are \ all left up to those least able to co@e with the task-parents who need child-care-while in, most cases “no working relationship of any kind” exists between them and the university, McLeod said.

Another called for “support in principle” from the AUCC board in establishing a Canadian Institute for Research on Women’s Experi- ence, a research centre which presumably would also study the social role of women as well as their ‘ ‘experience’ ‘.

Where a relationship was ‘found to exist, she reports, “it was restricted to use of physical and ad- n@istrative university facilities such as recreation programs or du- plicating machines. ” .

Mcbeod recommended in her

Now that AUCC has another mountah of resolutions Cal&g for improvement in the status and treatment of women staff and- stu- dents 9 all that seems to be lacking is committment .from the institutions themselves to actually take affii- mative action to change- the situation.

report that universities become involved in the planning and initial development of child care services 9 and collect the necessary data needed to estimate the need and potential cost of child care services. 0

She also recommends that uni-

Without that commitment, the situation for women will remain as it has for the recent and distant past, and conferences such as this year’s AUCC meeting will be re- membered as just so many words, like &ch of International Women’s Year.

versities assume responsibility for the planning of capital facilities needed for child care services, and that members of the academic staff community cooperate in helping parents and staff develop child care programs. .

But the child care services themselves, however, should be run and administered by legally incorporated non-profit community boards or parents co-operatives, McLeod

_ -peter o’rri&y - advised. ,

be used to estimate the need for child care services on university campuses is totally lacking, according-to the study.

An example cited, however, showed that for one Canadian university with an enrolment of 10,000 students, the total number of children involved was about 670 preschoolers and 400 6- 12 year-olds .

If this ratio of children/ enrolment were accurate for the whole university system, it would indicate that there are pres- ently about 20,000 preschoolers and l~,OOO 6-12-years-olds who PO- tentially could use some kind of child care .facilities.

Universities ari sexist.. - OTTAWA (CUP)-There were social work co&ued to have high few surprises contained in the proportiqns of female faculty: 80, statistical compendium, oh women 49 a,nd 32 percent respectively. in Canadian universities released Oct. 29 at the annual meeting bf the

Taken by program areas, the

Association ‘of Universities and proportion of women faculty is as f 11 o

Colleges of Canada (AUCC). ows for 1974: health professions.

According to figures compiled by and occupations (21.2 per cent);

Statistics Canada for the 197 l-74 education (21.2 per cent); fine and

period, women faculty across applied arts (18.7 per. cent)

Canada are under-represented, . humanities and related (16.4 per

paid less, and not- promoted at the cent); agricultural and biological

same rates as their male colleagues. sciences (15.5 per cent); social sCi-

As students, women are under- ences and related (10.3 per cent);

represented at all levels of study, mathematics and physical sciences

ad their numbws &crease as Study (3.8 per cent); engineering and ap-

levels increase ,,j from under- plied sciences (0.7 per cent).

graduate, graduate, to post- According to Yves Fortin of graduate levels. Statistics Canada, who presented

And women students are still the study to the meeting, the varia- under-represented in traditional tions in male/female ratios between male-dominated areas like en- different academic programs is so gineering and commerce 9 while extreme that the aggregate aver: programs such as nursing and ages become tiseless for purposes household ’ science remain un- of analyzing pay and promotability touched as female academic ghet- rates between the sexes* toes. In an attempt to make meaning-

The study shows that between ful comparisons 9 Fortin excluded 1971 and 1974 no progress was the traditional male and female made in increasing the proportion dominated areas and concentrated of women faculty. ,I! both years on statistics relating to teachers in women represented only 13 per the education, humanities and so-

‘cent of the toa fu&&e testing cid sciences, ‘who comprise 50 per staff at Canadian universities. cent of the total full-time teaching

The variations between male/ Staff at Canadian universities. female ratios in different pro- Fortin told the AUCC that bet- grams were. extreme, and show . ween 1960 and 1972 the proportion that traditional sex-typing still con- of women receiving graduate de- tinuesto be unchanged despite the grees in these three areas increased recent talk about equality. from 19 to 30 per cent of the total.

In 1974, for example, the tradi- Yet- the percentage of women fa- tional male dominated engineering culty in these areas increased only faculties remained juqt that, with margjnally over the same period the proportion of female faculty -from 13 to 14.7 per cent. listed as “nil or zero”. Those women who did receive

In the same year, nursing was academic appointments were pro- still 99 per cent female dominated moted less frequently than their while only 7 per cent of the medical male counterparts. Analysis of school faculty were female. teachers who received doctorates

And while commerce continued in the same’year, 1958, showed that to have few fetiale teachers (only by 1974 70.5, per cent of the men 4.6 per cent of the total), the tradi- had achieved the rank of fill1 pro- tional female study areas of house- fessor, compared with 3 1.2 per cent hold science, library science, and of the women. .

For this same group of profes- sors, the average salary of men was $23,350 whil e women received $22,350.

Fortin also noted ‘that in 1973-74 the average starting salary for a man appointed to the rank of full professor was higher than the average salary of women who had five years experience at this rank.

For all ranks, the average male faculty salary for 1972-73 was $17,184, compared with $13,886 for worn&.

The statistical comp&dium showed that in 1972-73,- women represented 38.3 per cent of the full-time undergraduate student population, 25.4 per cent of the graduate population, and only 17.2 per cent of the candidates for dot- toral degrees.

This apparent tendency for women not to continue their studies at the same rate as men was only one major trend shown by the figures. Equally significant is that women students continue to’cluster in specific study areas while almost being totally absent from others.

Programs in which women students predominate include nursing (98.1 per cent); household science (97.3 per cent); library science (79 per cent); social work (70.7 per cent); education (61.8 .per cent); fine and applied arts (61.6 per cent); music (55.6 per cent); journalism (54.3 per cent) and pharmacy (53.9 per cent).

Areas in which women students do not predominate include the following: m,edicine (22.4 per cent ’ women); agriculture (19.3 per ~ cent); law (18.1 per cent); architec- ture (13 per cent); commerce (11.9 per cent); dentistry (8.3 per cent); forestry (3.8 percent)‘; and engineering (1.7 per cent).

Women accounted for 45.7 per cent of general arts students, but only 26.1 per cent of those enrolled in general sciences were women.

44 King St. S. Waterloo’ 576-f730

SPECIAL SALE ’ \ Demo units -‘Reduced to Clear

Come in and see for yourself! Marantz Tuner 1.05 Marantz 2440 add on 4 channel.

.Sony TW34SD Deck-cassette -’ ’ Sony TC755 Deck-Reel to Reel ..

Amplifiers, tuners-receivers

Revox Reel to Reel; show mod& *

Overstock on headphones; Koss %+ Limit&l Timb! _

>Sale ends Nov. 29/75

MORE, -MORE, MORE, MORE ITEM-S

friday, november I 4, I 97

V that’s how OSAP defines

3 c q per week

POVERTY LINE student living needs-OFS

The Ontario government is holding formal public meetings in its re- evaluation of financial assistance for university and college students. We are concerned that OSAP will be drastically altered, including the dropping of grants.

GENERALFORUM Wednesday, Nov. 26

12:00-l :30pm Campus Centre Great Hall

Join in the discussions to develop our position for the government hearings in London (Dec. 5) and Toronto (Jan. 21). Travel plans for all students interested in being part of the UW delegation will be discussed.

Students’ Council meeting Sunday Nov.. 16 Needles Hall 3006

all cduncillors and society officials urged to attend

I everyone invited for preliminary planning

boards of education and external relations, federation of students

,’ 1’

Ca,nadian capitalism

rhe following article by Daniel Drache examines the de- /e/optient of Canadian capitalism and the domination of Sahada’s manufacttiring and resource industries by U.S. Meres& It is reprinted from This Magazine.

What we have in Canada is a hybrid or “incomplete” form of capitalism, which,might be called advanced re- :ovrce capitalism, where capitalist reiations are based on a very highly developed resource exploitation.

It is due to this mode of capitalist production that Canada finds herself between the two camps of the world economy: under industrialized by imperial interests, but lot completely dependent and shariig many of the social -elationships of advanced capitalism (such as found in Britain and the U.S.)

On the one hand, Canada has acquired‘\a substantial goods producing sector and an economy’with high income .evels supporting a large market for consumer goods. We have also a powerful banking system with considerable Canadian investment abroad and an impressive state structure playing a large role in the economy.

On the other hand, the control of Canadian resources and manufacturing industries is increasingly coming into the hands of U.S. interests. By 1970 Americans controlled 58% of our manufacturing and 74% of our mining operations, as well as capturing most of our profitable consumer market through their branch plants.

Outflows of capital to the U.S. reached close to one billion dollars annually in profits, dividends and other re- mittances by the end of the 1960’s. The level of U.S. direct- investment in Canada rose dramatically from $3.9 billion in 1939 to $30 billion by 1970, a figure greater than the-tal U.S. investment in all of Latin America.

What follows is an examination of Canadian capitalist development from the perspective of * its “incomplete” nature;

Thd liberal economists With: the rise of American domination of the Canadian

economy since the last war, came the dominance of liberal economic theory in our universities, which assumed (as in the U.S.) that it was dealing with an advanced (rather than an “‘incomplete”) form of capitalism. ‘\

The new boys in our political economy departments began to build for Canada a liberal orthodoxy of free trade, rapidly advancing technology and internationalism.

On the surface, it looked to many Canadians asif the new theory might be right. With the decline of British power, ‘many looked forward (as Hugh MacLennan did, Foi example, in Barometer Rising) to an era of indepen-

dence and business prosper-it;. During the late 40’s and5O’si when premium prices were

being paid for Canada’s resources, it appeared as if we’d have the money necessary to build the industrial base required for an independent country,

The reality of the Canadian economy, however, continued to intervene, and our liberal economists, became increasingly puzzled by the country’s continued lack of progress towards’ a fully advanced form of capitalism, under circumstances which should have encouraged this progress.

First of all, they saw that since the middle of the 19th century, the rate of domestic capital formation had been persistently high. Each decade we managed to spend more and more money on machinery, equipment and construction. And at the same time, in terms of the sales of resources (together with some manufactured items) we generated the money necessary to pay for the vast majority of this capital equipment.

Unlike many other countries with only one or two com- modities for export, Canada has more than a dozen prime industrial resources being exploited simultaneously. (We have the largest per capitamineral output oflany country in the world; by 1970 it was approximately $355 per capita annually .)

The sales of these resources during periods of great world-wide industrial expansion-at the turn of the century, the period following World War 1, between 1948 and 195Lshould have been able to pay for more than 80% of the capital goods we bought during these periods.

But somehow it didn’t. Canada ended up> very heavy borrower on the world’s money markets in every period of the 20th century. As a result, /

Canada is one of the major debtor nations in the world. -At the end of 1969, Canada’s net liabilities to non-residents amounted to about $28.2 billion- a $24.0 billion increase since the end of the Second World War. (Canada’sInternational Investment Pos- ition M&1%7, Statistics Canada, p 13.)

The second feature of the Canadian economy that puzzled our liberal theorists was that while Canada enjoyed a higher growth rate in the GNP than the U.S., Canadian per capita income remained persistently one-quarter to ‘one- third below that of the U.S., a disparity which continued

into the 60’s. Canadian wages should have been catching up. But on

the other hand, since they weren’t catching up, why wasn’t, Canadian manufacturing being helped by this process. \

Persistently low wages ought to ,help build a bigger surp- l

lus, which in turn can be used to advance technology and

introduce more capital equipment, thereby increasing efficiency and improving your competitive position on the world market.

Canada’s competitive position over the years, however, didn’t improve. Our ability to export manufactured goods actually declined between 1870 and the early 1950’s. In ,” 1870, 16.7% of total manufacturing output was exported; in 1953 the figure had gone down to 15.7% of total output. In 1970 the 15% figure continues to hold true once allow- ance is made for the Auto Pact, which is a negotiated trade

. agreement and therefore cannot be considered as part of Canada’s international export capability.

Furthermore, a large part of the 1970 figure is taken up \ by pulp and paper exports (hardly what one would call a manufactured product) to the U.S., and these exports inflate the true picture of Canada’s industrial ability.

A third aspect which bothered them was the .unique “supply” relationship that the Canadian economy has with the manufacturing sector of American industry.

As America expands her industrial capacity, Canada accelerates her resource exports rather than her industrial production. -

Here are the figures for the period 1926-1940, which I believe apply more generally. A 1% increase in American industrial production brought a 1.2% increase in primary products from Canada. A 1% increase in Canadian income created a 2.2% increase-in primary products. .

“Noothercountry or group trading with the U.S.,” two noted economists, Caves and Holton,’ write, “enjoyed such an expansion of exports-mainly resources relative to American industrial expansionism.”

Of U.S. trading partners, only Canada has continued to import larger and larger quantities of manufactured goods from the U.S. as its own industrial sector grew. By 1970, Canada imported manufactured goods on a per capita basis worth $465, while the U.S. per capita imports for the same year was $116.

But perhaps the most puzzling development for liberal economists looking forward to advanced capitalism was the extent to which we imported capital goods, as a percentage of our capital goods market.

For the period of the 50’s (the only period for which a study exists, but which I beliey identifies the general trend) approximately 2/3’s of Canadian imports were for industrial usage-parts, sub-assemblies, mat hinery -which over this period were worth an average of 25% of the annual gross domestic investment; the figure continued to rise over the six years the study covered.

Canadian capitalism (including branch plants, of course) continued on page 14

,

14 the chekon fridaj

continued from page 13

‘has some independent capacity in producing consumer goods, largely for the Canadian market. But in the more critical areas of high technology industry, such as chemicals, electron&s, and machine parts, capitalism in Canada has &tually no autonOmy+elying primarily on,extemal supply for its capital goods.

-’

Canada’s employment patterns reflect the general lack of growth in our manufacturing sector. The largest increase in every economic period since Con- federation has come in the tertiary industries, not manufacturing.

De period 1900-1939 is often regarded as the time of greatest industrial growth. But even at the end of this period only 16% of Canadian workers f&nd jobs in industry. For the ecdnomy as a whole during this period, primary occupations excluding agriculture rose 113%; there was a 218% increase in transportation, trade arid clerical jobs ; while the labour force in manufacturifig rose by only 65%.

After 1939~he percentage of the l&our force in manufacturing rose further and then began to de-

course, make a lot more money)? Why doesn’t capitalism follow i@ own logic here?

One thing ii catain. You won’t find the answers - to these questions in any liberal theory of advanced

capitalism. _ One of the ’ tragedies - of Canadian political

economy in the 50’s is that we gave up the one theory that did recognize the incompleteness of Cajnadian \ capitalist developtient and provided a base for understanding why this developmeiit was retarded and

. :for answering the questions above. The theory was developed most fiircefully in the-

work-of Harold Innis, and was, of course, the “staples” approach to the Canadian economy.

Innis argued that for Canada, unlike EuropA countries, the motor of development was not manufacturing but the growth of staples of raw materials for export: fish, fur, lumber-, timber, industrial resources and (now) energy products.

His theory explained the stages of Canadian economic development in terms of the export of these staples at different tim$s in our history to different imperialist centres.

The aspect of his staples theory which was unusual and u@nvetitional+for the time was his view that Canadian capitalism would be unable to trans- cend its basic role as a raw mateiials supplier in the

I world economy. / - He argued that the staples producing economy

would not be transformed by industrialization-and that the original division of labour would remain fundamentally the same. Canada would continue to be a net exporter of resources and a bet importer of manufactured goods.

It yvould also continue to rely on borrowed technology and capital. The reason: imperialism would continue to prevent Canada fioti becoming a net pfoducer of manufactured goes in the world economy.

In other words, we can’t use the money we make selling resources to build ti industrial sector because we don’t control where@e money goes.

What‘Innis shows in his monument4 studies of the Canadian staples economy is that in three differ- etit eras of imperialism, the allocation of resources and the use of-capital and-labour, are det&&ned externally by the needs of the imperial power, fir;& France, then Britain, and now the U.S.

The result is that the export of staples p&es the industrial pump of the limperialist , economy, not Canada’s. \I

Innis’ development of the staples theory does not, however, fullyd_eal with the questions raised regarding Canada’s dependence on the U.S. In particular, he doesn’t answer the questiop as to why Canadian owned ba&s should be financifig the American takeover. 1 _ _ His theory also does not adequately -explain why we have the amount of industrialization we do have (particularly through the branch plants) when the dominant economic activity is geared to exporting primary products racer than to Canadian manufac- . turing centres.

Largely building on innis (while touching on the. tie omissions noted) ‘tihat I want to do now is to

/ Foreign-Contrglled Share of Capital Employed

in Canadian Non-Financial Industirie~, 1972

\ \ 0 20 40 I 60 - ,80 l@m Petroleum and NaturalGas I I I

. Other Mining andsmelting

Manufacturing

Rai!ways flm

Other Utili& .

I

Y > , \

4 \ A, .

Totals *of Above !&&fled IndWries and Merchandising and Construction . I / --S.-----w- \

cline again, and by 1970 the percentage in manufacturing was down to approximately 20%, where it had bien in 1927. .

-

/

,

describe briefly the chief mechanisms by which

Building on his Hqw do you deal with these questions? - Why is Canada such a heavy borrower on-the

world money markets, when we generate most of the funds that could be used to pay for our capital expenses? _

Why are Canadian workers paid less than U.S. workers, while at the same time Canadian capitalism is largely uncompetitive. on _the world mar&et?

Why do we continue to be a resource base fd; American industry, rather than building up our own industrial s’ector? -

Why do we import so many of our capital goods? How come, in &her words, if we make the money, _

we can’t use it to build an industrial base (and so, of

American impe&lism prevents hopeful Canad& industrialists frdm comingup with the money necessary to develop a manufacturing sector. As a result’ of their-not being able to get this money, the country musf remain a heavy borrower, a resource base for the U.S., a net importer of goods (especially capital goods), and a 10~ wage area vis-a-vis the U.S.

At the ce&e of the imperialist relationship bet- -ween Canada and the U.S. is the large a@ gro@ng American ownership of our resource and mafiufac- turing industries. The tables speak for themselves. Most.of the “foreign controlled share of capital employed? as shown in thi: two graphs comes from the U.S. As a result of this control, profits pour south of the border into the’ hands of American capitalists.

For the period 1900-1967, the U.S. invested $37 -billion in Canada. From Kari Levitt’sreseafch it can be shown that American capitalists received $57.3

-. , -

-

_) I

Foreign-Cont&kd Share of Capital Em . in Sekted Canadian Ma~ufakuring bdus \

Tauufaiwing Industry - _ 0 20 40

Rubber . - Automobiles and Parts

Beverages .S . Textiles

.

Iron ,and Steel M!lk ,_.= Other

billion in dividends tid interest payments. In addition, they were paid- $7.6 billion for royalties, fees and other services.

In toto, Americans realized investment income totalling $65 billion &om their Canadia; holdings during these years. On balance, Canada sent the U.S. $28 billion more than it,received. ’

But what is not well known is that almost 85% (or $53 billion) of this investment income was generated between 1945-1967. What is even more remarkable is that 50% (approximately $33 billion) was appropriated betwRen 1960-1967.

And the period with the highest rate of profit for American cqpitalists was the depression years. Their investment’income the’n ($2.8 billion) was five times as large as their direct investments ($435 million). For the entire period (1900-1967), when re-

- tained earniqgs are itidtided, U.S. i=apitalists‘ , realized $130 billion Canadian investment. Thus to a y very significant degree Canada’s economic surplus is appropriated externally.

But not all the profits werit south of the border. Some stayed in Canada. Indeed, in spite of the mas- siveoutflow of profits to the U. S . , more and more ’

- there was enough left over to finance most of the capitalization of Cauadian industry, resource and otherwise.

As early as 1957, the Gakdon Commission com-- mented on the phenomena that Canada had become capital sufficient, relying,on foreign sources- to finance only a small part of our industrial growth. ’

I/ \ “The over-all ‘place of foreign financing in

Canada’s ikvestment expansion since the war hds- .been considerably less than in previous periods of heavy irivestment. The net use offoreign resources ’ was about one-quarter in 192630, compared to 6%

of 1946-54; and direct foreign financing fell from - about 1 one-half to one-quarter between the two

periods.” ” . . .In effect there has been a very con-

‘. siderable increase since the turn of the century in the capacity of the country to generate savings required to finance its investment prog_ramme.” (Canada U.S. Economic Relations, p.97.)

In the same post war period (1946-e), however, in spite of our growing capital sufficiency, there wad increasing American ownership of our industry.

Foreign investment in mining and manu‘tituring, more than doubled. Between 1948 and lV54 Ameri-: can owne&ip of mining and petroleuarindustries in Canada increased from 3% to 5%. This 20% rise in ownership might be compared to the 6% rise in general industrial investment during these years, most of which wti taken up by mining and petroleum.

What was happening, of course, was that U.S. ’ expansion into Can&an industry was being paid for

by investment income generated within Canada. - Retained profits along with geri’&ous’ tax allow-

anees from Ottawa, which treated American corn- panies as Canadian fiis, made Canada the Ameri- can oyster. ’ ) -The U.S. did not have to inject new funds into the Canadian economy .-It could expand indefiitely using the resources at hand in Canada an&that included special depreciation and depletion allowances, which Ottawa provided, as well as ‘Canadian ’ gentited funds which Canadian bank; loaned to American corporations. Close to three-quarters of U.S. expansion in Canada was financed from these two sources alone. -

The questidn is now, why do the Canadian-owned banks fmance this, American takeover of Canadian industry, particularly the resource sector, and why don’t they finance a Canadian manufacturing Sec- tor?

The. reason is simple enough. They don’t get hurt in the takeover, and they make a lot of money on the resources trade. Canadiari banks have shown-a marked growth in recent’ decades & the wheat economy gave way/to an energy econdmy.

They do so well, in fact,_that they go further than their American counterparts in calling for free trade. The position of the Canadian banks was assisted, I might add, by an American law (now off the books) which forbad an American bank to leave the coun-

-try. *

. But what abet Like -the banks, ness in one way expansion. -

Canadian otin join the America expanding exten industrial manu: plants in getting I

vices necessary 1 And, of course

the CPR carry the American and o foreign made ind

The resource b ness .’

Our banks, alo tia-structures a plied the U.S. wil ite, aluiriinum, c whit h together-i

I billion. Oil and gas ex]

the same year, w

I

nadian capitalists? ;he resources busi- profit most by its

dustries naturally tr resources to an &t’s left of our big American branch lg the support ser- rade. conglomerates like rimary products to s, while carrying e other way. ’ da is very big busi-

porations building ansportation, sup- ti imports of baux- :kel , tin and zinc, )rth more’ than $1

lother $2 billion in aper exports were

valued .at some 14% of our total exports, in the American industrial structure in Canada.. neighbourhood of $2.53 billion.

phere and perspective on Canadian independence in In coming here, these firms provided badly the coming decade.

In this situation it doesn’t matter to the banks needed jobs for the working class of central Canada. whether or not the industries dealing with resources

-The total defeat of Walter Gordon at the hands of Their presence reinforced the Toronto-Montreal

are domestic or foreign. What matters is how big the Montreal financial community demonstrates the

control over the national economy. In terms of loca- they are. The bigger they are, the safer and the

depth of feeling and commitment of our indigenous tion, this meant that Canada’s regional disparities

bigger the loans, producing fewer headaches and the would become a permanent feature of Canadian ruling class against tampering with their historic re-

most money. The American corporations are, of lationship with American capitalism.

capitalism. course, the biggest since they serve the world’s big-

-The banks, resource j corporations and service _- -

gest market, and so they get the loans. The other factor that accounts for the degree of capitalists are the “core” Canadian businessmen,

In view of the immense profits to be made in the industrial diversification is government inspired and they are growing with the trade in staples.

staples trade in Canada, the next obvious question is why do we have a manufacturing sector at all? Why do we have the branch plants we-do?-Howhave we managed to acquire an industrial base larger than any other dependent economy?

First, though, a word of caution. The problem of accounting for some degree of industrialization is primarily a southern Ontario-Anglo-Montreal problem. These two centres account for better than 80% of the country’s industrial capacity. The rest of Canada is overwhelmingly a staples economy.

Industrialism between _ empires

- Two factors account for Canada’s unique indus-

trial position. Both are a reflection of Canada’s place in an imperial economy.

- . I

-d the chevron 15

Canada’s strategic position at the nexus of two- industrial empires was the principal reason which attracted the most advanced sectors of American industry to locate here:

These monopolistic enterprises established themselves when Canadian firms in high technology industries were in their infancy.

Canada with its small population, scattered market and agrarian economy was hardly of interest to American industrial giants such as auto and chemical companies. They came to Canada because they wanted to sell in the protected markets of the British empire. Canada became their export base.

The establishment of branch plants occurred on an industry-wide basis. The transfer of production facilities involved reproducing in miniature the

growth to aid an imperial war effort. All other efforts are dwarfed by comparison. Only during the two World Wars and Korea, was there a transformation of Canada’s relations of production which consti- tutes a qualitative leap or change in the economy.

Canada’s industrialists, or national capitalists ,‘are the least assertive sector of the economy and occupy a clearly subordinate place in the development of Canadian capitalism.

In periods of stability such as the 50’s the ideology of Canadian capitalism (although not, as we-have seen, its reality) was industrialism and high technology. In periods of instability and transition like the present, our ruling class resurrects the old (and tried) ideology of the national dream.

Its modern version calls for a new round of resource exploitation of the magnitude of the Macken- zie Pipeline, Syncrude and the James Bay projects. Once again we see Ottawa holding the public purse open for the taking.

But Canadian-owned firms have followed the imperialist connection abroad. With their service set- _ tor focus, their technology and know how was read- ily exportable, first to Latin America and more recently to Asia.

Canada’s industrial growth has been paid for historically by public funds. In war time Ottawa has provided the capital to expand existing production as well as to create completely new factories and industries. Government-financed war needs es tab- lis hed Canada’s modem aerospace-and electronics industry and ensured that existing industries like steel received “gift” capital to upgrade production, that is, to buy more efficient and more expensive machinery.

Indeed, steel may be taken as typicalof many Canadian industries whose fortunes were tied to Canada’s participation in imperial wars. As one business historian writes: “The level of domestic steel capacity reached after World War I was so high that little further change occurred in the steel industry until the outbreak of World War II”.

In World War II over $2 billion was spent on increasing plant capacity, which doubled production ability in the space of three and a half years (between 1941 and 1945)‘The output of secondary industry between 1939 and 1944 increased by an estimated 160%..

At the year’s end government-built industry was sold to private enterprise, much of it foreign owned, at the going rate of a dollar a factory. Through this means two-thirds of the war-built industrial strut- ture was adapted to peacetime uses.

In 1950, for the second time in a decade, Ottawa took a substantial part in expanding the economy as its contribution to the U.S. war against Korea.

Federal Government expenditures on national defense rose from $49 million in 1950 to approximately $2 billion in 1953. Ifmilitary pay and allowances ai% excluded; defense expenditures on goods and services rose from-$356 million in 1950 to $1.6 billion in 1953, or 34% incurrent dollars-and 273% in volume.

Canada’s industrial character has come persistently from the direct intervention of the Canadian

. state. The state did the-work of Canada’s industrial capitalists. It substituted itself for them. . Government intervention offset the worst effects of profit-taking, resource exploitation and industrial retardation brought about by-American domination.

. Government policies consolidated somewhat Canada’s otherwise. fragmented industrial development. Government inspired growth has provided an interim solution to an economy without industrial depth but with some industrial capacity nonetheless.

What of the future? An economy without industrial depthand having a

very high rate of capital leakage is a very shaky one. In the past government has played a crucial role in offsetting that erosion. At the same time, it was instrumental in maintaining Canada’s supply role in

i the world economy. - We are now in a period of transition where it is much more difficult to offset the distortions produced within Canada by imperialism. These distortions will produce a very different political atmos- .

When broken down, our overseas investment is used to build infrastructures and services, etc., and is mainly rentier, the exception being the resource companies like Into, Alcan, and Rio Tinto, which are essentially Canadian-based foreign branch

>plants . These overseas investments are particularly vul-

nerable to national takeovers, because the Canadian state, weakened by its lack of an industrial base cannot support them.

A Carleton University study, reported by the Financial Post, “strongly suggests that Canadian multinationals (like Alcan) cannot expect much ag- gressive support from their own government when things get really sticky abroad”.

When Alcan was facing nationalization of its bauxite operations in Guyana in 197 1, it was forced to align itself with U.S. companies in the same business in order to get a better deal.

Michael Manley, the Prime Minister of Jamaica, says he’s getting ready to nationalize the Canadian banks in his country. A few moves like that and the Canadian “imperialism” of the 50’s and 60’s will

_ come abruptly to an end. The reappearance of Canadian nationalism stem;

also from our focus on a resource economy and the growing concern over our economic and social de-

‘pendence on the U.S. - \ In this tie of reassessment it is very likely that

_ capitalist development in this country will become quite a different affair for Canadians. Events in the world economy offer the prospect of very hard times. The realignment of currencies at the world level may well begin to deflate the high prices currently received for Canadian resource products, with the exception of oil, whose price is likely to be pegged by the OPEC cartel.

As a result Canada may be left with a lot of unpaid bills for infrastructure and ‘future profits not high enough-to cover them.

The rapid decline in the price of Canadian raw materials and the slackening of the demand for them brought Canada to the point of collapse in the thir- ties.

The same prospect may well be appearing on a not-too-distant horizon.

I

Rugby- team, -rep&t ’ N6V. 18,20 & 21 j i -

The University of Waterloo Dance .- Company Presents I \’ /

1

The University of Waterloo’s Warrior Rugby dub team finished

’ the._ 1975 playing season- against a &edicts this year’s team w& peak. Not only does he see potential in first-place Queen’s team with a 9-3 ’ (

loss.

T., R.M.C., and Queen’s were all Southern Louisiana University and by small margins. Next year he : the “Schlitz” Beer Company have

invited the Warriors to a sixty team Mardi Gras Sattelite Tournament.

“TREADS’ A ‘MEASURE IN RENAISSANCE STYLE”

accompanied by Music Four Theatre of the Arts . \ t

his returning first team&s, but he This year’s team is also sorry to sees strength in this year’s second lose assistant coach Roger team, where a great number of Downer. Roger will be travelling to players obtained valuable game Japan next year and will miss the

The score was, indicative of the

1 play.- Both teams fought hard throughout the game, but the ex- - perience and maturity the Queen’s experience that will, see them com- rugby season. club has acquired over the past peting next year for first team posi- \ three years gave them a slight edge. Waterloo now b stands in fourth E -- place in the nine team OUAA league.

Coach Derek Humphries was.op- . timistic in the face of the loss. He I

1

1

Some of the music and dances that will be performed are Casarda, Branle,Coranto, in an English court with visitors from Spain and France. Alsc Galliard (which is a 16th century male virtuosa dance) will be performed. / t

. Free Admission

Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students

) \

’ 16 the chevron’ -_ friday, november 14, 1975

. i /

- \

Regu/ar season- over but- - .

tions. . , The one player from this year’s

team that will not be returning next year is veteran lock and pack leader

Calgary, to .

Ken Brown. Ken has helped carry Waterloo rugby, on the field and off raise fees

pointed out that his team is young, the field. He will be very greatly and next ye& he will have fourteen missed next year. starters back out of the ftiteen Although the regular game sea- first-stringers with whom he son is over,‘Rugby is by no means finishedthis season. at a standstill at Waterloo. Last

This year’s team, Humphries week the Warriors won first place pointed out, was stronger than’any in the OUAA Seven Aside Tour- previous Warrior rugby team. Th’h*- nament, and February 28 and 29 games his team lost to York, U. o$ they travel to New Orleans where

CALGARY (CUR)-University of 1 Calgary students may face a yearly athletic fee of $20 if an $8 increase is approved by a November re-

ferendum. ‘According to the school of phys-

ical education director, Dennis Kadatz, the need for an increase has existed since 1953.

NOV. 18-22 8pm ‘I ’ ’ _-

Henrik Ibsen’s ’ THE WILD DUCK “one of Ibsen’s greatest plays” , “strikes out at false piety with a rugged vigour and humanity” / .

Humanities Theatre Admission $2.00, students & senior citizens $1.25 Box Office ext. 2126 Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students

Nov. 28 & 29 - 8pm .\ .- . Sun. Nov. 30th - 2:30pm . I BEETHOVEN

, ’

SYMPHONY NO.,9 (A Song of Joy)

J.S. Bach-Cantata No. I.42 Christmas Carol Sing-a-long ’ ’ Alfred Kunz-Music Director 4% Conductor . ’ / ’ Humanities Theatre Y - ’ l ‘, Admission $240, students & senior citizens $i .OO

- Box ,Offjce-ex$i z&26, z \ _ -I ‘: . Creative Arts’ Board, Federation of Students r?

J

WED. NOV. 26 - 8pm

Jo-anne ‘Willment and Doug ~Pattison in Concert

Folk Concert to include piano, guitar , harmonica Music by Lightfoot, Simon & Garfunkel and other3 plus some original compositions.

Theatre of the Arts Free Admission Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students’ .

CO/MM/G 2 FRLDEC. 5 -‘6pm \ AN EVENING OF ROBERT AND CLARA SCHUMANN -- /- with Barry MacGregor-Narrator ’ and Kathryh Root-Pianist A full evening’s entertainment in which music and word transport the, audience back into the, life of the Schumanns. Theatre of-the Arts

’ Adtiission $5.00 students & senior citizens $2.50 Box Office ext.-2126

i .--

- Roos . Bauer - \

‘Daoust ielinek -

CCM

Factory seconds; clearouts of name brands Good supply of used skates

743-3835 McPhail’s ’

Cycle and Sports Ltd. 98 King St. N., Watedod ’

Liszt0 Mania . A&M Sounerack of the Ken Russ&l Film.

This year eight sports have been cut from the intercollegiate program, badminton, curling, track and field, skiing, soccer, fencing, ,women’s cross-country skiing and figure skating. .

Although U of C students pay ,$12 each in athletic fees, the actual

costs of the program are’ about $17.75 per student, he said. A

+ $60,000 deficit has been covered by the university’s Board of Gover- nors. _

- The $20 fee will fund both intercollegiate sports. and the campus recreation (intrankural) program.‘ I 1 .

COUPbN ‘OFFER Expires November 20/75

Good at Westmount Place

riday, november 14, 1975 the chevron 17

Rugby team on top 70-O

Warriors win OUAA championship, On Saturday, November 8th.) les at the fifty yard line which left

him free to run the ball into the end zone. Jarchow converted and the game ended 10-O in favour of the Warriors.

The game ended 15-4. The second half turned into a defensive battle. The Warriors covered Dan McEachern, RMC’s major scoring threat, like fiends. The forwards, Hazell, Haynes , and Brown laced RMC’s backs with punishing tackles. Toward the end of the half Waterloo began to tire. McEachern made a 35 yard break- away run and Ken Brown, in a superlative effort, brought him down on the two-yard line. The Warriors took the play back to their fifty. RMC rallied back into Waterloo’s end. On the seven yard line they were awarded a penalty. McEachem took the ball and carried it over the try line. .

The conversion attempt hit the

Desire, conditioning and discip- line won the game for Waterloo. The Warriors finally played the rugby that they have been capable of playing all season. The key to their success was team work.

he OUAA seven-aside champion- ;hip tournament was held at York Jniversity. Frustrated during the ~egular‘season by injuries, poor of- iciating, and an overabundance of Jenalties, the Waterloo Warriors urived at York determined to win.

They did just that as they de- eated the RMC Redmen in the field ;ame of the tournament 6-4.

The victorious Warriors’ team vas represented by props Ken 3rown and Mike Hazell, hooker >ave Haynes , strum half Mitch Iammer, centre Ralph Jarchow, vinger Jon Issacs, and stand-offs ton Fukishima and Steve Dibert.

In the second game Waterloo faced ‘Trent who upset last year’s winners, ,McMaster, in the first round. Steve Dibert replaced Ron Fukishima in this game and no sooner had he taken the field when he scored his first try on a hard driving run. Jarchow converted the try.

The Waterloo forwards dominated this game by winning set strums and line outs and driving over the opposition in the loose

The final game saw Waterloo facing RMC a team which for three years they have been unable, to beat. Two years ago they faced them in the fields of this same tournament and lost. But this year Waterloo made sure they would be the winners.

From the opening kick-off ; Waterloo drove deep into RMC’s half. Dave Haynes took a pass and carried the ball in for what looked. like a try, but the referee ruled him out of bounds.

Two minutes later the Warriors were back at the RMC five yard line, and Haynes ran the ball in again. This time the ball was ruled to have been thrown forward.

Waterloo played magnificent rucks .

As it turned out, Haynes was de- stined not to score a try as Jon Is- sacs scored the Warriors’ last try. An RMC ball carrier was hit hard at the fifty-yard line and released the ball. Issacs scooped it up and made one of those long, open field runs for which he has become famous. Jarchow converted, and the half

ugby, as they out-hit, out-ran, at-passed and out-lasted their op- lonents. In the first game of the oumament Waterloo was pitted gainst the Guelph Gryphons.

Guelph started off strongly as lhane Carson, (the league’s high corer), carried the ball into the Yarrior one-yard line. The War- iors deflected the Guelph drive tnd slowly mounted an offense. Yith less than one minute remain- ng in the first half, Mitch Hammer burrowed his way into the end zone rom a penalty play for the frost Yaterloo try.

Throughout the second half the Varriors contained Guelph in their ,wn half. Both teams were finding t hard to gain any advantage until on Issacs made a spectacular brie-man effort. He broke two tack-

Shortly before the first half ended, the Warriors were awarded a penalty on the Trent 45yard line. Jarchow, the team captain, chose to kick and the field goal was good. The half closed with a comfortable 9-O lead for the Warriors. The second half opened with a Trent try caused by a bobbled ball off of the kick-off. The conversion attempt was no good. Waterloo was shaken from their complacency.

The game tightened up at mid- field. Slowly Waterloo began to take the advantage. At the 35yard line Mike Hazel1 picked up the ball from a loose and fed it to Mitch Hammer, who ran to the blind side which was left open. Mitch scored his second try of the afternoon and Jarchow kicked his ninth point.

man after Redman.

The rest of the game was directed to keeping RMC from the Warrior’s end. In the waning moments of the game Ken Brown came alive. In a superb effort, he controlled the ball from the line- outs and virtually turned into a ’ one-main defense, tackling Red-

Looking in retrospect at the game, it is impossible to single out any one player from the rest. All eight players put in strong performances. Issacs, Hammer, and Jar- chow, and Dibert and Fukishima starred on offence, but they were there to make key tackles when they were needed. Brown, Haynes, and Hazel1 gave their backs support for the entire game; they tack- led hard and won the bail from the loose strums and line-outs. When called upon they ran as well as their backs and passed the ball with equal dexterity.

closed at 6-O. . team.

The Warriors will be performing once more this season at the Uni- versity College Bowl to be held in Toronto. Waterloo and Western will provide the half-time entertainment by playing a push-ball game. Come and support your

JAZZ RECORDS COLLECTORS

ALBUMS 1929 - 1969

Now only $7.98 Cab Cal’loway

Duke Ellington

. Pee Wee Russell

Count Basie

Woody Herman

Muddy Waters - Fats Waller

and Many Other Albums

AUSTIN ELECTRONICS 22 KING ST. SOUTH WATERLOO 743-4562

’ HtlURS: MON FRI: - 1.0 A.M; 9 P.M. SAT. 10 - A.M. - 6 P.M.

goal post and bounced in front of the uprights.

c lJ s 0 ’ YOUR /

QUESTIONS 5

ANSWERED -

A member of CUS&s headquarters staff will be in the WORLD _- ROOM, Campus Centre 207, on Thursday November 20th from 10:30am until about 5pm. Students and others interested in CUSO- are invited to come and chat with Mr. Peter Hoffman at-any time during those hours. Besides explaining CUSO’s terms of service, he will be able to provide specific information on the requests for volunteers that CUSO is receiving from Third World governments.

CUSO sends qualified Canadians to serve for two years in Third World countries. .

18 the chevron friday, november 14, 1975

HOUSE OF SINGH cl3 Special - Indian Cotton

Tops 20% OFF Drop in and see our many distinctive gifts; Chinese Happy Coats, Hungarian Blouses, Russian Wine Sets, Danish Jewellery, Canadian Pottery, Japanese Tea Sets-and much more.

Distinctive Gifts from Near & Far

Open 9:30 - 5:30 Friday til 9 pm 53 Queen St. S.; Kitchener 745-0567

FREE / p+ REbq

% 3 Patch 0 or +

Zipper replacement y

TILL CHRISTMAS

WITH Purchase of

Pants .and Shirt

Pants Plug in Waterloo Sq., Waterloo

539-4710 l

More and more

IM sports roundup Men’s American and as a result of the interest

squash shown, ran smoothly. The overall standings are as fol-

Saturday, Nov. 1 was sup- posedly the day for this tourney to take place. However, Halloween seemed to take its toll as only eight out of 44 competitors showed up to play. Once things got started, the players seemed to enjoy themselves and at the same time play some serious squash.

W. Ceroici (Grad) came out on top at the end of the day after de- feating C. Wilkes (ESS) in the final match. Other standings were as follows: S. Eckel (ESS),, P. Walker (Kin) and B. Holiday (Vl S).

lows: In A flight, the champions were North Alufahons (V2 N) who defeated the much favored Bills Team with a score of 8-6. In the B levels, the winner was Pit Juicers, last years champion, over Renison Rats 12-Q in C flight. St. Jeromes defeated West A with a score of 10-6 in what was a sudden death overtime and in D level, South 3 Reamers were victorious over Chelsea F-Ball Club with a score of 6-O.

Congratulations to the Rugby Club and to all the teams sharing a

7 aside rbgby common interest in learning, playing and promoting this exciting

Many of UW intramural athletes team event* woke up last Sunday morning only to be faced with the famous fog that this city is known for. However, Badminton singles these guys showed up in full force On Oct. 30, the intramural de- and enthusiasm to take part in this partment was again hit with a large very strenuous event. number of defaults. The number of

Eight teams played in what was a defaults for this tournament round robin tournament, that was reached an all time high as only 42 well organized by the Rugby Club out of 80 competitors were there to

UW ski club social meet coming

The UW Ski Club is holding another of their famous social meetings on Tues., Nov. 18th. It will take place in the M&C lounge RM. 5136 starting at 7 pm and there will be another cash bar.

Films will be shown both on downhill and cross-country skiing and memberships will again be shown for a modest fee of $3.

But, the highlight of the evening will be a discussion of the upcoming trip to Jay Peak in Vermont on January 9, 10 and 11 th.

This is an annual trip and there has always been great skiing and lots of fun. Jay has over 2000 vertical feet of elevation and the runs range in difficulty from novice to expert to pro. They also have an aerial tram that can jet you to the top in six minutes. Coming down you get to ski miles of beautiful powder snow.

During your stay you will be accommodated at Granny’s Grunt Lodge which has saunas, an ice rink, and a bar.

All transportation is included in the price which also includes two full days of skiing and all breakfasts and dinners.

The price for ski club members is $70 and for non-members it is $75. (This price includes EVERYTHING except lunches and booze.) It is very reasonable. Shop around and compare other prices and nothing will stand up to this offer.

Deposits of $40 for both members and non-members will be taken up to Nov. 25th but ski club members have priority up to Nov. 18th.

The trip to Jay is a good way to meet other skiiers, do some great skiing, and have a fantastic time. So, SKI JAY PEAK!

If somehow you miss the meeting, or want to get a membership now, they can be purchased in the PAC office in Red North.

REMEMBER, the ski club is a social organization, so come out to the meeting and have loads of fun!

.

Teisuf’e zodge Tm is pleased to announce the

APPEARANCE OF

KEN TOBIAS TONIGHT ONLY

NEXT WEEK Tuesday - Friday

MORNINGTON DRIVE

?Zeisuzt? Zodge T+ 0 Speedvi Ile Ave.,

*(Preston) Cambridge 65345735 *

play. As a result, the men’s A and B levels had to be combined into one and the women had a surprisingly small draw.

However, from that point on, the tournament ran smoothly and the finals were played a week later. Some very outstanding games were played but as always in a tournament- a winner, one who is a bit better than the others at that particular moment evolves.

This year saw Cindy Riediger in a final match, defeat Clover Dukes (Vl S) to capture the championship.

Unfortunately, at the time of writing, the Men’s championship had not yet been determined so keep in touch and the champion will be announced as soon as possible.

Men’s competitive hockey

With only 2 games remaining before the playoffs begin, League A is still very bunched up. There are only two points separating the top teams from the bottom ones. With all the teams being so close it is impossible to predict which two teams will be advancing to post season play.

In league A2, there are three teams very much in contention for a playoff berth. Math A and ESS have yet to lose and they are two points ahead of Medicine who have only dropped one.

In the B leagues, the standings are also very close. All of the teams seem to be closely matched which makes it difficult to make predic- tions. Not all of the teams have played three games so we will probably be still waiting at the end of the season to see who will advance to the playoffs in each league.

Starting Fri. Nov. 7 at Twin Cinemas, Cambridge

“HAZEL’S PEOPLE” based on the book

Happy as the Grass was Green

by Merle Good Discussion with author-

l producer Merle Good in classes to be announced.

India Cave Restaurant

20 Young St., Kitchener Sunday Special

Chicken Curry with Rice

$2m25 HOURS TUES-SAT

5-19 p.m. SUN 4:30-9:00 p.m.

CLOSED MON. 576-9430

l

i-iday, november 14, 1975 . the chevron 19

.Variefy is the 'essence

The Campus Centre was opened bn April 4th, 1968. At that time, the Building was run by a fulltime direc- or appointed by the university ad- ninistration.

forms may be picked up at these meetings only. Only registered students of the University of Waterloo qualify to apply.

On October 21st, 1%8, the stu- lents held a mass sleep-in at the lampus Centre to show their dis- .ontent over lack of student voice nd control in Campus Centre pol- ky and operation.

The Campus Centre is a building d primarily for student, staff and faculty use: the ping pong room, stereo room, piano room and a games room are all available. There are also two lounges for group meetings and activities.

Their action resulted in the for- Other services offered by the nation of an independent student Campus Centre Board are Wed- iominated governing body, the nesday night movies, various tour- lampus Centre Board. naments, and craft fairs, run the

the CU P The federation is run by students

to work for students. Whether you need help or want .to help, come to the Federation office and talk to John or Shane or Helga or Pete or Allan or Ian or Orycia or Larry or Art or . . . .Our telephone extension is 3880.

, The Chevron Uniwat’s student paper, the

chevron, now in its fifteenth year of publication has of&es in the campus centre room 140 and can be reached at Ext. 2331. The office

31 those days when your soul takes on the aroma and texture of a ripe limburger cheese abandoned behind a hot aadiator the ding/flash/flash/dong of pinball may be just the thing toget the old neurons percolating. And that’s just lne of the delights of the Cgrnpu$ Centre. Others include the Federation of Students offices, the coffee shop and the Nashrooms. photo by p. shaw

At present, the board consists of n elected representative Erom ach of these areas: Graduate stu- ents, Science, Staff members, lngineering A, Engineering B (Al- :mating terms), Environmental tudies , Integrated Studies, Math, rts, HKLS and the turnkeys.

Two faculty .members are also lected to be on the board. Non- oting representatives include olre erson from Physical Resources, ne person from Security, the ‘ampus Centre operations co- rdinator, the board secretary and re chairperson.

The Campus Centre Board leets every two weeks to discuss nd decide on policies for the op- ration of the Campus Centre. hese meetings are open to anyone ishing to attend. Meeting time Id place are announced in the azette a week before the meeting. he Board office is in room 202 of le Campus Centre, Ext. 3425 Turnkeys are students hired to

ln the Campus Centre under the ampus Centre Board’s ,direction. hey may be found at the main in- rmation desk in the Campus entre great hall. Many services se offered at the desk; lending of less sets, cards, games and agazines , coffee and change, rents information as well as gen- al information on almost any- ing of student interest on cam- LS.

Thehiring of turnkeys involves ~0 sets of interviews and a brief Ming period. General meetings r all applicants are announced in lgust, December and April of ‘cry year and held in September, nuary and May. Applications

third week of every month. Special events have featured dance, theatre presentations, and forums. For further information, call 884-8770 or 8851211, Ext. 3867.

Federation of Students

The .Federation of Students, in room 235, is the main co-ordinating centre for all Federation activities.

Executive members keep their hours here and can be contacted about any aspect of the various and sundry activities of both the federation and the university. Bus tickets, concert tickets ,,and international student cards are all sold here.

In addition‘, the most current information about AOSC charter flights and tours is always available. Also available is information about the many student organiza- tions on campus.

The Board of Education has a substantial collection of alternative magazines and newspapers which can be read in the office.

Information on housing and your rights and-responsibilities ‘as a ten- ant as well as legal assistance in ag- gravated cases is provided.. Any questions about or problems with university bureaucracy, red tape and adminstrative policies can _ be dealt with.

O.S.A.P. and C.S.L.P. com- plaints, questions about university financing and government policies on post-secondary education can all be handled with the wealth of information which is kept on file,

Find out about the student representative on each of the many university committees.

contains a darkroom, typewriters, a graphics room, an assortment of desks and chairs and friendly faces to introduce you to the world of student journalism. Why not drop in and get involved, be a chevric .

Birth Control Centre The Birth Control Centre is an

information and referral service for birth control, unplanned pregnan- ties, VD, and sexuality.

Call or drop in with questions, problems or just to browse.

We are not a clinic and do not give out or prescribe birth control Anybody (campus or community) is welcome and our services are free. Room 206 in the Campus Centre, Ext. 3446.

World Room The World Room, room 207,

serves both as an international education centre, encouraging discussion on issues of internati.onal importance, through films, special programs and speakers, and as an informal, social centre where people can meet together over coffee, watch T.V., and talk.

Students interested in travelling can meet with others who are more familiar with the culture they will encounter, or attend some of the social activites planned by the various ethnic groups.

There is always someone there to acquaint you with the travel information, newspapers, magazines, - and other resources that are available. Do drop in to visit.

Gay Liberation Qff ice Campus Centre Room 217C;

entre Ext. 2372. Phone counselling 7-10 p.6 Monday to Thursday.

Activities include coffee house Wednesday 8 p.m., discussions, picnics, dances Friday 9 p.m. We also have a library, referral service and public speakers. ’

Membership is open to any person regardless of sexual orienta- tion. Interested? Then feel free to drop by for coffee and a chat.

Para-Legal Assistance

The par-a-legal assistance office is located in Room 106, next to the main information desk of the Cam- pus Centre.

If you are having any legal has- sles drop in and see us for free non-professional advice. We’re open Monday through Thursday and our phone number is 885-0840.

The Used Bookstore The Used Bookstore, sponsored

by the Federation of Students, is open weekdays from 9330-4330 in Room 217A of the Campus Centre.

It’s a good cheap source for texts and reading material, as well as ac place for , selling your unwanted books. For more information on sale procedures, visit us during business hours.

Ice Cream Stand The ice cream stand is open from

lo:30 to 5:00 weekdays and is also open for special events such as concerts, games and movies. The prices are the best around and the scoopers provide the friendliest service in town.

Campus Centre Pub The Pub is open from noon until

1:00 a.m. Monday to Friday and 7:00 p.m. till 1:OO a.m. on Satur- days. Live entertainment featured nitely; cover charge begins at 6:00 p.m.

Members of the pub include students of any post-secondary institution in Ontario as well as faculty and staff of the University of Waterloo. L.L.B.O. regulations

require us to check school and age indentification upon entry, so please bring your I.D. cards ! Mem- bers are allowed one guest each who must present age identification and be signed in.

The Games Room The games room, on the upper

level of the building, is the amuse- ment centre of the University of Waterloo.

Features include pinball machines, a billiard table and air hockey. Come on up and blast away some of your academic frust- rations ! Hours are 10:00 a.m. to midnight daily.

The Campus Centre Coffee Shop

This cafeteria is run by Food Services and is located on the same - floor level as the pub. Open during the day, Monday through Satur- day, featuring typical Food Ser- vices fare.

1 The Lower Level Q The lower level of the Campus Centre provides a number of trivial services to the student population.

A branch of the Canadian Imper- ial Bank of Commerce and the Campus Post Office are two of the primary services.

Quite popular is the Federation of Students Record Store, with an inventory of over 4000 albums.

Also located in this area are the Campus Centre Variety Shop, Un- isex Hairstyling Salon and the Chinese Library.

Why not take a stroll through the lower level the next time you’re in the Campus Centre and see how it can be of service to you.

The Campus Centre is your building! If you have any ideas on what you’d like to see happen in the building drop by the Campus Centre Board .office, or phone Ext. 3425,

La. gewa&o and1

k. jellicoe

The great hall of the Campus Centre is, according to rumour, a nice place to be. It has calmed down since the days when some students called it home, but can still furnish you with a comfortable place to sit and meditate over the largest 25 cent ice cream cone in Waterloo. It’s also close to the chevmn office. I photo by p. shaw r

20 the chevron friday, november 14, 197E

HIS CIA CODE-NAME IS CONDOR. IN THE NEXT SEVENTY-TWO HOURS ’ ALMOST EVERYONE HE TRUSTS WILLTRY TO KILL HIM.

ROBERT REDFoRD/ FAYE DUNAWAY CLIFF ROBERTSON/MAX VON SYDOW

11 LYRIC ,S%%, 11 2 SHOWS NIGHTLY 7:00 & 9:20 D.m.

ks the some two dudes From “Uptown Saturday Night:..

but this time theySe bock with kid dyn-o-mite!

2 SHOWS NIGHTLY AT 7:OS 81 9:20 P.M.

THAT WE ARE

THE BEST SELLING BANTAM BOOK NOW A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE

produced by Alan Landsburg production!

narrated by Rod Serling

ac, CAPCn mv “CLCH3CY 0,

SUN CLASSIC PICTURESc 1975

2 SHOWS NIGHTLY 7 & 9 PM MATINEE SAT. & SUNDAY

2 SHOWS NIGHTLY 7 & 9 PM MATINEE SAT. & SUN. 2 PM

“Urweftcove

The Garfield Band returned to UW for a concert on NOV. 6. About 250 fans came to listen and responded with two standing ovations. photo by graham gee

Garfield Band in concert About two years ago a group of

musicians pooled their musical tal- ents, adopted the Christian name of their lead singer and formed the then unknown Garfield Band.

The band’s music is original in that they perform their own material. It is unique in that they use an

. unusual combination of instru- ments to create the desired mood shows innovation. The result ofthis is a sound that thrills.

There is no fair comparison of the Garfield sound to any of the big name rock bands. The band members do not even want to be known as a rock band but as a harmonic band. The sound is all their own and the closest one could come to a comparison is with Rick Wakeman because of the similarities in some of Garfield’s key-board accompan- iment. However, even this is not accurate.

The band is comprised of lead vocalist and guitarist Garfield

MAJESTIC THEATRE

FOR THE FINEST IN

MOVIE ENTERTAINMENT

6 Princess St. W. Waterloo 743-6991

French, brother Dennis French hammering enthusiastically on an array of drums and tubular bells, Chippy Yarwood with the captivat- ing flute and synthesizer, Walter Lawrence who on guitar and cello tunes the group’s stringed instru- ments, Jacques Fillion, Paul Odonald and Maria Tords playing guitars and melotrons.

The band’s name and music is becoming very well known on the U of W campus as a result of a series of concerts and pub appear- antes.

The latest of these, on Nov. 6, saw an audience of approximately 250 give the band two well de- served standing ovations. Garfield promptly followed each of these ovations with an encore.

This kind of reaction was hardly surprising after seeing the band receive two or three standing ovations every night for a week at the Campus Centre Pub.

The concert came about as a result of a request from the recording company with whom the band is negotiating. A three day contract with theDownstairs John in Hamil- ton was broken, arrangements were made with the Theatre of the Arts on Tuesday and the concert went on Thursday night.

These hurried preparations were in evidence as there was no advance ticket sales and advertising didn’t appear until Tuesday afternoon.

The concert itself was differen from the pub appearances in tha the crowd was sober, the acoustics although not ideal, were improvec and the music was perceived in ; different perspective as the mean ings and origins of most of the songs were explained to the audi ence.

Although many of those in the audience last Thursday had hear-c the band before (probably two OI

three times), the ,music still had aI arousing effect. Starting in relative serenity, it built steadily ant climaxed with “Sundown”, by faj their most powerful composition.

Besides “Sundown”, the prog ram included such favourites a! “Ride the Waves”, “Nanny’5 Song’ ’ , “Old Time Movies” ant “Eyes”.

It is obvious that the Garfielc Band enjoys playing to the UW

fans as much as the fans enjoy listening to the band. Twice during the concert, Garfield French thanked the band’s Waterloo sup- porters.

On their closing night at the pub in commenting on their then up. coming engagement in Hamilton French told the chevron, “if tht people there were like the people here things would be a lot easier.”

The Garfield Band’s era of ohs, curity is about to end as their fus, album is scheduled to be released ir late February or early March nex year. Depending on promotior campaigns and how much of eacl song is cut out, it should be a pow. erful first offering.

-graham gw

SHAMPOO Nov 14&15 Fri & Sat

& 7&9pm -

TRISTANA Nov 16 Sun

7 & 9pm

ON THE WATERFRONT

Nov 17-19 Mon-Wed 6Pm

l oooooooooooooooooo~

admission $2.00

Chess teams Score

, in weskend matches . The UW “A” and “B” chess teams were active last weekend

against other chess teams of the Southwestern Ontario Chess League. The UW “A” team won ah-2 victory against the Hamilton “A”

team while the UW number 1 “B” team claimed a decisive 3.5-0.5 victory against the Kitchener “B” team.

The UW number 2 “B” team was less successful in dropping a

’ 1.5-2.5. decision to the Kitchener-Bay Anihan “B” team. The matches were hard fought and in particular the Kitchener “B” team was more formidable than the score would seem to indicate. ,

The game played by Paul Kostiuk of the UW number 1 “B” team is typical of the games played and is presented below:

King’s indian defence White: Tim Kodtic Black: Paul- Kostiuk 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-KN3 3 N-QB3 B-N2 4 P-K4 P-Q3

Black has deliberately allowed White to create a broad Pawn centre in the belief that he can effectively counterattack against it. The result is almost invariably a lively struggle. , 5 N-KB3 o-o ’

6 B-Q3?! White had better alternatives in &K2 or B-KN5. The Bishop on Q3

deprives the Queen Pawn of support from the Queen and is unable to achieve anything of significance as we shall see.

6 7 dii

N-Qb3 _ , B-N5!

Black takes advantage of the misplaced Bishop by putting pressure on White’s Queen Pawn.

8 B-K2 . . . An abject retreat. I

8 9 PG5

P-K4 N-K2

10 B-K3 N-R4 Black’s last move prepares the inauguration of a Kings-side of-

fensive by P-KB4. i 11 P-KR3 ’

This forces Black to come to a decision about his Queen’s Bishop but it has the drawback of creating a hole *in White’s King’s-side. .‘I1 *’

,2bj&-. . . BXN - N-B5

13 K:R2 Q-Q2 14 Q-Q2 P-KB4 15 PXP?! : PXP __--

This exchangeis dubious since it cedesBlack the King Knight file which he is later able to put to good use. ’

16 BXN PXB Superficially it appears that White has wrecked Black’s Pawn

formation by doubling the Pawns but this is of little significance since White is poorly placed to exploit this while the half open King Knight file and the key squares controlled by the doubled pawns are likely to be more consequential. Note that Black’s King’s Bishop is now able to come to life on the long diagonal.

17 QR-Kl . N-N3 ’ \

A-’ 18 B-K2?! /

. . . The Bishop was probably better placed where it was. Now it

obstructs the Queen and the Knight. 18 . . . B-K4 - :

This has the nasty threat of P-B6 dis ch winning a piece. 19 P-B3

Now the dark squares around White’s Kingare very weak and the White square Bishop is hemmed in by its own Pawns.

19 20 RiBI

Q-N2 ’ K-RI

21 R-Q02 ’ N-R5 ,QXP mate is threatened.

22 B-Q3 ’ R-B3 23 Q-B2 R-R3 ’ 24 N-K?. \ -( R-KNI

Black has managed to efficiently concentrate his forces against the White monarch. . ’

25 N-Bl?? . . . White voluntarily deprives his King’s-side of its best defensive

piece. Now the dark square weakness proves decisive’. 25 . . . . -- B-Q5

Black drives the White Queen from her defensive outpost. 26 Q-Q2 Q-N6ch 27 K-RI NXBP!! ’

White is lost! If 28 RXN, RXPch; 30 PXR then Q-N8 is mate. \ ,- 28 PXN 1 ’ RXPch

29 Q-R2 . Q-N8ch 30 Resigns 31 RXQ is answered by RXR mate.

5 -robert ,‘itikol

, \ j

years Over ,300 performances old, the

Toronto Workshop production of “Ten Lost Years” still retains its original vitality and power as a compelling picture of the Canadian people living in the Depression. ’ Last week, at the Theatre of the Arts, it sold out long before it opened.

The play, adapted from Barry Broadfoot’s acclaimed novel, is built upon true stories gathered> from people across the- country who endured the depression years.

George Luscombe, director at TWP, creates an intense atmosphere in which his-actors give us a taste of the frustration accompanying the struggle to survive. Lus- combe makes spectacular use of sound, song, light and space to carry us back into those difficult times.

. This play, so $ghtly packed with tragedy, spirit and humour, trans- forms history into reality in the wake of recent national strikes, rampant inflation, and social apathy.

The theme of the stru&e against the elements, prominent in Cana- dian literature, has its place in this We’re looking . . . play, but those previously empty for people who want fun and good times in endless miles of terrain become the relaxed, enjoyable atmosphere of the weary trails of desperate men <. _. Cariboo Lounge. Once inside, you’ll f6rget (searching futilely for work. everything else except the friendly people

Freight trains are the cheapest and comfortable surroundings. We’ve also means of transportation for them. I/ added a Saturday Matinee (-3 - 6 p.m.) i

The entire country is stricken Come, see for yourself!- - with the same illness, an internal struggle where people are driven to THIS WEEK FEATURING extremes. There is no escape from poverty, ignorance, hatred and exploitation.

I-- .QUADRAC .s . In such times, defining heros and <Next Week

Ill 1~ t ?i 1

villains, could you easily condemn those who must step on their . . GOODTIME neighbours in order to save their own families, or confine your pity to a single man thrust out into the Ii\-1 .. CREAMCHEESE BAND z

Don’t forget c street while hundreds of children are wasting away from mahmtri- tion?

When life is stripped of all the ornaments as in the depression, corruption and profiteering become much more horrifying.

The production itself is a colour- ful display of strength and delicate composition.

The actors explore the entire three-dimensional stage; from wri- thing in pain on the floor, to reach- ing high atop rough platforms into free space. ’ ’

When that was not enough they created new, space through imagination and mime.

In seconds, the audience is transported from a prairie field to a sweltering city factory, to a quiet hobo village. Subtle- use of soft lights enforced an atmosphere of isolation and fear, while special effects shift us to a totally new situation.

‘Pioneer H-2000 8-track . ,

- AM/FM Receiver \

A number of beautiful melodies / and percussive eruptions of sounds

accentuate the moods created by the poetic narrative style of the script.

“Ten Lost Years” reminds us that this country is composed of a mixture of people who speak dif-1 ferent languages, from both rural and’ urban backgrounds. The strength demanded from them to survive is a clue to our own dis- tress. .

Yet even a stark humour em- braces the tragic situation. The c most relevant observation that the play makes about those people is th,at to carry on a decent existence, one needed an indomitable will, and an ability to put it to work. ’

The, smooth blend of sound,

. complete with I ’ /

.2-3 way SEI Speakers \ \

. %24$95 ~ -_ ccimplete, y

lists at $319.90 - (free pair of headphones) I ,-

movement, and tableau, tremendous energy and an honest, relevant message all contribute to make “Ten Lost Years” a rich theatrical

>experience.

at . . +

Synth,esis Stereo ’

I -myles kesten Westmount Plaza 579-5650 .

University Cqtholic Parish Mass Schedule 1

Saturday /9:00 a.m. Sunday IO:00 a.m. 7:00 p.m. II:30 a.m. ’

7:00 p.m. Weekdays -7:00 a.m., ’

12:35 p-n-i. 500 p.m.

Confessions ’ , Saturday 6: 15 p.m.

Father Norm Choate C.R., 884-4256 lc Father 8ob Liddy C.R. 884-0863

- or 884-81JO Notre.; Dame Chapel

,

friday, november I 4, I 975

i the chevron

;*’

/ 22 /

the chevron . friday, november 14, 1975

IQ article - It is depressing to see your article on IQ in

the latest issue trotting out all the same old tired knee-jerk stuff that you published a couple of years ago, (in three articles by Wadge and Higgs which I commented on at considerable length).

One would think that in a series allegedly informing people about science it might be possible, for a change, to observe some to- I lerable standards of scientific honesty and care.

To begin with, as I pointed out a couple of years ago, the author’s labelling of Jensen and Herrnstein as ‘ ‘racist” is a simple, gratuitous piece of character assassination.

The author does not, of course, try to define the term ‘racist’, but so far as evidence produced in the article is concerned, one would have to infer that he thinks that the belief that there is a highcorrelation between IQ and race which is to some extent due to hereditary factors is enough to make someone a “racist”, and this simply is not true. (If the author is simply defining the term that

,* way, Humpty-Dumpty fashion, then (A) he . had better say so, and (b) there is no excuse

for doing so, since it can only be misleading.) I’ll bet the author doesn’t know anything

at all about the personal beliefs of Jensen and Herrnstein about the rights of people. In the

. absence of evidence on this matter, every one of these slanderous’references should be deleted from the article.

It could be that the author thinks that if it were found that one race was of lower native intellectual capacity than another, then that would be a support for racist policies. Does he or she think so? If so, let’s hear his or her reasoning on this matter. Does he or she think that people less intelligent than him or her ought to have less rights? Or more intelligent, more rights? If that’s what the author thinks, let’s hear about it, because it suggests that the author is morally prejudiced in favor of intelligent people.

Another little matter which the. author does not bring outconcerns the range of data on which Jensen and Herrnstein base their hypotheses. (I except Shockley, who is, in the first place, not a reputable scientist in this field. Another objectionable feature of

the article is lumping together people like Jensen, who is a careful experimentalist whose conclusions, which are stated far more tentatively than the author seems willing to admit, are based on enormous masses of carefully assembled empirical data, with cranks, like Shockley, and southern red-

neck racists whose “views” on these questions, if they have any, are just contemptible verbal drool .)

_ It might be of interest to your author, for example, that those same tests which allegedly are biased against black people are. also “biased” against white ones, since orientals consistently perform better on them than whites (so do Jews compared with other whites, by the way).

Why doesn’t he conclude that the whole thing is an extremely clever plot, engineered in a basement laboratory on the outskirtsof Peking, designed to prove that yellow people are the master race?

The heading on your article really gets off to a good start, first by ascribing to Jensen the thesis which is associated with Herrns- tein, viz., that intelligence is a or the main

determinant of socio-economic success, fail- ing to add the vital qualification “in our society”, and the other vital qualification that this is simply a statistical claim and not one which can properly be put by saying that IQ “is what determines people’s socio- economic status in life”.

And do you really believe that this claim has “no ground to stand on”? In denying. that IQ can be “objectively measured” and that it “differs from person to person” (are you denying both, or just one, and if so, which one?), one wonders what you mean.

For example, it was proposed by some that it mattered which race the guy who gave the tests belonged to. In reply to this, Jensen did’ a study with several thousand school children, comparing the scores of those whose tests had been administered by per- sons of opposite race and same race, etc. This massive study revealed no such difference.

Again: nowhere does Jensen “go on to claim that the 15 point difference in the average IQ test scored between blacks and whites reveals a genetic inferiority of blacks, which he says makes compensatory education and other social -programs doomed to failure,” so far as I know. Could we, please, have proper citations for this ascription?

To the best of my knowledge, Jensen’s claim is that no known environmentalist exp- lanation of the differences in question will stand up to careful empirical study (and nobody, so far as I know-which isn’t terribly far, but well-informed acquaintances in psychology tell me this too)-has done more such study than he; nor is the specific exper- iment design of his studies regarded as grossly deficient, though one would get that ‘impression from your article. He says that the range of data we have at present is better explained by positing genetic influence than by doing so. .

But instead of going on to detail further the enormously misleading character of this article, its apparent disregard of well-known facts and its total lack of scruple in making slanderous accusations, let me now turn to its main thesis, which is to make a sup- posedly vital distinction between inheritance and heritability and then go on to conclude that the thesis which Hensen is sup- posedly advocating is one which cannot conceivably be confirmed: “even more im- portantly, no studies in the conceivable future would be able to link IQ performance to a person’s genetic makeup”. -

This is a very interesting claim, and it is agreeable to see that at least in the course of setting it out the author does not lace the argument with invective-that’s reserved for the beginning and end. But so far as I can see, the argument is either quite wrong, or self-contradictory, or inapplicable to its apparent target, viz., the Jensen hypothesis.

The main business of the article is to dis-- tinguish between heritability and inheritance. Apparently the author thinks that a trait is “inherited” ifit is “fixed genetically, and unchangeable”, although it would have been less confusing if he had not earlier said “Of course you also inherit poverty (wealth), social class, and . . .“, which we will assume was supposed to be tongue-in- cheek.

NOW, one difficulty with this definition is that it contains the term ‘unchangeable’, which is not clearly defined. We inherit our arms and legs, but these are definitely changeable: you can lose them, or damage them, or disease can set in; and you can exercise them, thus making them much_ stronger than otherwise.

Does the author mean to imply that a trait is inherited if and only if you literally cannot

do anything to alter it once born? If so, the case is closed: there simply isn’t anything of that kind, including traits as physical as you like. So he must mean something else. But what? -

The definition proposed is evidently entirely wrong. And it certainly isn’t what Jen- sen meant. He certainly does not deny that you can vary a person’s IQ by varying his environment: he knows perfectly well thal this is possible. In the author’s apparenl meaning of the term, Jensen does not “con- fuse” the notions of heritability and inheritance. (There is apparently no such notion as ‘inheritance’ in the author’s sense of the term.) The best we can do is to identify traits which are relatively independent of certain specific environmental factors. (This is not quite true. As the author would presumably agree, it is perfectly clear that in the absence of genetic conditions, there are some things which it will be impossible for some organisms to do, at least by the usual biological methods: mice, for example, cannot be trained to trumpet through their trunks like elephants: they have no trunks. Nor, we may reasonably conjecture, will they ever become Shakespearian scholars ,)

But of such traits there may be a great many. And indeed, we can begin by pointing out that, after all, any trait you can think of, no matter how low its heritability in the sense defined in the article, is influenced by heredity in the minimal sense that withoui certain genetic characteristics in its subject it would be impossible for the trait to bt displayed. The genes of any organism, as 1 understand it, place certain limits on wha the individual possessing them can be like (Were this not so, then we would have to sal that the difference between people and, say corn, is “environmental”. I don’t suppost that the author wants to say that, and at an3 rate if he does, then he would be using the term ‘environmental’ in an extremely stretched sense, I should think.)

Now let us consider the concept of herita bility. This, as the author (correctly, so far a! I know) observes, has to do with the “rela tive importance of genetic factors in produc ing the variations in a particular trait . . .in : particular population . . .in a particular envi ronment. ’ ’

But the term ‘particular’ must be usec. with care here. It does not mean, for in

continued on page 21

friday, november 14, 1975

t utter Deryersity the chevron 23

Non-mysterious bowling Willard and His Bowling Trophies: volved in any plot or story line who have travelled about the coun- A Perverse Mystery which could arouse the reader’s try for years ’ in search of the by Richard Brautigan curiosity. Of course any questions trophies. Over the years they have

which arise in the reader’s mind are changed from ‘wholesome all- Willard and‘ His Bowling deliberately left unanswered. American boys’ into seedy disre-

Trophies is too successful in fitting Willard was written in a slightly putable villains obsessed with their the description of the book given by humourous vein, thus saving the task of finding the lost trophies.

mest- -

its subtitle, A Perverse Mystery. According to the dictionary,

‘perverse’, refers to something which is the opposite of what one normally expects. ‘Mystery’ can be defined as something which arouses curiosity. So in Willard and His Bowling Trophies, Richard Brautigan has apparently attempted to write the exact opposite of a mystery novel.

Unfortunately, Willard succeeds much too well in fulfdling the concept of a ‘perfect non-mystery.’

To fulfil1 his aim of writing a non-mystery, the author has gone out of his way to avoid getting in-

reader from complete boredom. However, the book conists of a series of very short chapters, mostly only one or two pages in length, so that the funnier sections of the book are short-lived.

In contrast to the plot, or lack of plot, the -‘characterizations in the book are very good.

Willard, a large ornamental bird built of papier-mache, lends an air of symbolism to the book. He sits amidst the bowling trophies which are the object of the book’s ‘mystery’ .

The bowling trophies were stolen fi-om the three Logan brothers,

Unknown to the Logan brothers, Willard and his bowling trophies reside in an apartment building in San Francisco. The building is oc- cupied by a group of characters who in their own ways are as perverse and unusual as the Logans. - The Logans and the new owners

of the bowling trophies are brought together in an ending which, as is typical of this entire book, proves to be an entirely unsatisfying con- clusion as far as the reader is concerned.

But what else can be expected from a non-mystery?

--glen dewar

the predictive value of the tests would be, lessened if black and white, and working and upper class averages were equalized by stan- dardization.

The example of women is again relevant. When women were equalized on the test, the predictive power was lessened then as well. On the revised version of-the test, women did as well as men, but because women are_ not treated equally in society, the test lost some of its ability to predict who would do well, and who would do poorly in later life. As long as _ _ - _ . _

cont’d from pg. 24

Many of the so-called performance test items tried out for inclusion in the scale were eliminated because they con- tributed little or nothing to the total score. They were not valid items for this scale. In other words, when the results

on this type of test were checked with teachers’ ratings, they did not match, and the test was discarded. In fact, the better a test was in sort- ing out the children the more it was used.

Standard ization This process of making the

scores come outthe way the testers want them, with the proper distribution and with the upper class children on top and the lower class on the bottom, is called “standar- dization.” A test is standardized on a population by adjusting the scores so as to make it come out with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation*of 15 (see graph).

If a test is given to a population and the mean (average) turns out to be less than 100, then the testers change the scoring standards, making it easier and raising the.average to 100. The scoring methods, and hence the average scores, can be changed by adding or dropping items that are either too hard or too easy, or by ehanging the relative value of the different items on a test.

On the original Stanford-Binet :est published by Terman in 1916, women were not treated as a sepa- -ate ‘population and standardized ‘or, and their scores were about 10 points lower than men’s until 1937. Then, for the new version of this ,est, the means of men and women were compared, and the test was ; tandardized for sex. Questions vere added on which women did >etter than men and some of the )nes of which men did better than vomen were dropped. In this way he averages for men and women vere equalized.

The- decision whether or not to Jandardize in order to wipe out group differences is a purely politi- :a1 one. Terman decided to elimi- late the differences between men nd women in the 1937 revision of he test, but the differences bet- veen blacks and whites and bet- veen upper and working classes lave ’ never been eliminated. Yhy?-Because, claim the testers,

America is a male-chauvinist society, equalizing male and female , scores on IQ tests will lower the predictive value of the tests.

In just the same way, as long as CC pub tske//-

@ Restaurant Tavern e

under New Management )c racism keeps black people in the worst jobs at the lowest rates of pay, any attempt to equalize black-white scores will lower the predictive power of the test. This shows that the tests are designed to reflect prevailing class relation- ships and to prove that those on top are smart and those on the bottom are dull. Tests can be designed to reflect anything the designer wants, and racist and anti-working class assumptions have giiided and determined the results of the IQ test.

If you’re suffering from a case of pre-exam downs, then go see and get a bit high to the sounds of the Saltspring Rainbow Band appearing this weekat the C.C. Pub. Good 01’ footstomping 7 handclapping music will chase away yer blues any old time.

Their vocals and harmonies are a bit ragged, that is, they have no outstanding vocalists; they’re at their best when they forget about singing and get down to playing banjo and fiddle-led bluegrass. Whether Roy’s singing his Truck Drivin’ Blues, or Doug’s ‘flailing away at his fiddle, they’ll make you forget your troubles . . . At least for

Dining and Dancing

Specialized in most famous German and Con- tinental Dishes. Surrounded by romantic old country-style atmosphere.

Every Friday, -Saturday & Sunday Entertainment for your pleasure

l/se Hall on the Organ with her superb Dinner & Dance music

Starting November 15 Weaknesses and fallacies

In summary, we can see the fol- a few hours anyway. lowing weaknesses and fallacies in No matter how often one hears the IQ tests. Saltspring, they never seem to lose -“Intelligence,” as measured by their appeal. Maybe though, it also

these tests, is never defined, but has something to do with the type as we have seen is related more of music they play? to behavior than to any innate -haI mitchell quality. The desired behavior,

Monday-Friday 12pm-I am Saturday 4pm-lam Sunday 12pm-1Opm For Reservation call 578-6640 151 Frederick St. Kitchener

such as “willingness to conform and obey, ” “respect for author- + ity,” etc., is determined by ruling class norms and ideals.

z

-Questions on IQ tests are + “loaded” to favor middle and t

- upper class children. Tests * which do not distinguish bet- * ween groups are discarded.

-The tests were in-fact designed * +

with the express purpose of find- + ing differences between people + or groups of people. Differences + in performance can be eliminated + (men vs. women), so that the dif- * ferences being measured are not absolute, but depend on the

f

questions being asked. The decision of whether or not to elimi-

z L-

nate any group differences is purely a political one. All Regular Single L.P.‘s

+

+ I

* * ONLY $4.99 ; + 4 * N * * * B 4 sr - * * + GREAT-SELEC;ION OF IMPORTS * * * * * * * * * - WE ALSOSE~L”SED L.P.S . : - 4 - sr * SinglesAt $2.00 + * + + * Doubles At $3.50 -* 4 E BRING IN FOUR USED L.P.‘S, tiHICH RECORDS ON WHEELS : f JUDGES TO BE IN ACCEPTABLE CONDITION, AND EX- c’ +c CHANGE THEM FOR ONE NEW L.P. AT $4.99 OR LESS. * 4 4 4 \ 342 KING ST. W. - KITCHENER 4 4

(Just West of Water St.) 4

4 4 4rrrrrrrrrr~rrr~ri~r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4

VILLAGE ROOMS

available for

WINTER TERM

For further information inquire at the Hous- ing Office, Needles Hail,. or phone 884-0544. -

Some rooms available . for

IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY.

. + \

friday, november 14, 197. 1 , ’ that the early tests did not show black people As Binqt well knew, the chronological

inferior to whites any more than ‘they approach to intelligence finessed the showed poor whites as inferior to rich weighty problem of defining intellig- whites. It was often possible, however, to ence itself. He had measured it with- reinterpret test results in order-to come to out having said what it was. It took a these desired conclusiol;ls. For example, R. while to know whether the sleight of Meade Bathe, in a paper on “Reaction Time hand had infact yieldeda real intellig- with Reference to Race” found that both ence test or just an illusion of one. blacks and Indians reacted faster than

‘whites, but claimed that the whites’ “reac- At first it might seem from the above tha

those who would come out on top in Binet’ tiotis were slower because they belonged to a test would simply be the more advanced

Y more deliberate and reflective race. ” , . children of their age group, but-this is onl: / i There were a number of other failures of half the story. . i AS a cc+irhing,critique of the IQ concept, we are prksenting the second feature of a series adopted from L “Science for the People”. .

Jensen and his cohorts’lclaims concern&g the heritability of intelligence are based on measurements of performances-on IQ tests.

It is assumed that IQ measures some trait ’ called “intelligence” which differs from per-

son to person, and which is an index of success in school and lateI’ life.

! But what, after all, is this “intelligence” except for a measurement of acertain type of behavior, (performance on IQ tests), and how can we say that a c&ta& type of behavior is “correct” or “smart” without considering an individual’s past experiences in similar situations. .

For example, frbm the p&t of view of black working-class children (who go to mis- erable schools with racist administrators arid sometimes teachers as well, who are forced to read books depicting white middle-class people and to learn racist history, _and who will probably end up unemployed or in a poorly-paid job with horrible working conditions) what kind of school behavior is “intelligent”? Is it not more.reasonable for these children to rebel against the school authorities than to remain docile and work hard at school? .-

When such children are given an IQ test, is , it not a completely reasonable response to I treat the test and tester as further examples of a racist school system? Obviously such children would not get very high IQ scores, since they 6ould not be motivated to try very hard on the tests, but isn’t that a sign th’at they are really very aware of the world around them? j

Deciding what type of behavior is termed - intelligent is an extremely political act, and the desired behavior will merely be the kind which is approved of by the prevailing social system.

PolitiC,al assumptions Political assumptions enter into intelligl

ence testing in even subtler ways than the above. Every type of measurement presup-

.’ poses some form of distribution of intelligence. For ixample, it would be quite valid scientifically to develop a test which % of- the population would pass, indicating that

, 9% of the population were “intelligent,” and 1% or so were .mentally defective.

Such an approach would not attempt to find little differences in ho’w people think and be‘have and translate them into IQ differ- epce, but would assume that intelligence is

_ an attribute of the normal functioning .hurnm; while a small proportion of population is retarded. .2

This approach; however, would not be at __._, all useful- for those who rule America, be-

cause if 9% ‘of the population were about equal in intelligence, why should there not be equality in society as well? Present IQ tests magnify differences atiolng people, and% in fact, potential tests which did not reveal these differences have often been rejected.‘ ‘: The reasons for this can be found by examining the people who have made up intel-

” , ligence tests. Historically they have been racist, anti-working class, and procapitalist in their beliefs. Their tests have been de-

’ signed to ratitinalize these beliefs, and to show that those who ruled society, and those

1 who did well in it were the best, the smartest, and the most modal people.

That the early intelligence testers. thought . that the nifing class of the time were the most

L intelligent people in society, and that it was by virtue of this intelligence that they had

_ attained their position is shown in the following quote from Edward L. Thorndike, an educational psycpologist . h

It is the great goodfortune of mankind - i that there is a substantial positive cor-

relation between intelligence and morality, including good will towards one’s fellows.’ Consequently, our

_ superiors in ability are .on the average o&r benefactors, and it is often safer to trust our interests to them than to our- - selves. No group of men can be expected to act 100% in the interest of

-mankind, btrt this group of the ablest men Fill come, nearest to the ideal.

this type which the testers could hardly disguise. A statement by Thorndike in 1903, however, reflects their general attitude:

Not only did the early testers love and admire the ruling class, they also despised and looked down upon the masses, especially the black masses. James McKeenCat- tell, the father of the testing movement in America and long timg editor of Science and , Popular Scieece Monthly expresses these 1 feelings well:

The main lines are laid dawn by heredity-a man is born a man and not an ape. A slave brought up in culti- vated society will not only retain his dark skin, but is likely to have also the _ incoherent mind of his Lace.

“The apparent mental attainments of children of-inferior races may be due to-lack of inhibition, and*so witness precisely to a d@- ciency in mental growt,h.” So much for “objective” science and its results.

I This failure to develop a test which would differentiate rich white people from the poor, the black, and the immigrant, wap especially significant in view of the trouble racist anthropologists were having at the time. ’

Up until this time, the “turn of the century” theories of &al inferiority had been based upon physical anthropology, the practice of meastiring the differences between

Terman, who sired. the famed Stanford- various groups 6f people. They measured Binet Intelligence Scale, was also a thorough such things as the ratio of the length of the going racist and e

l genicist. Further, he pre- arms to the length of the body, the ratio of

dated Herrnstein y-55 years in claiming that the length of the heel to the leg, the facial occupations and IQ were causally linked. He provided a list of numerous occupations and ihe corresponding tiean IQ, andurged that students with those IQ’s bk channeled into

angle, the size’ and shape of- the brain, et& . Lmeastirements weredesigned to prove that blacks were cldser td apesthan to-men.

But -these theories, were-beginning to be

The childien who came out on top werl ;tlso the children who did well in schobl an1 who were from the upper classes. Wpre the: really the more intelligent children, or wer the tests rigged in such a way as to favor th upper, cl&sses?

The answer is that, Yhe tests were rigged for the test items which were selected wer not simply random items nor were they item which simply the majority of children at a age level passed. If the majority passing th item included those students judged by th teacher to be “dull,” and excluded thos children judged to be “smart,” the item wa not used in the test.

Herrnstein explains this aspect of Binet’ ‘method this way:

“He took some children rated by their teachers as the brightest and the dul- lest in ti grade and subjected them to a lengthy series of tests, going from simple sensory discrimination to - arithmetic and perceptual speed tests. A number of the tests worked, which is to say they distinguished between the two groups sf children.” .

\ SOME SAMPLE IQ TEST QUESTION&

? IP ’

QUESTION: -Identify the Picture --i ,’ CORRECT ANSWERS: --

American flag flag p6le 7

QUESTION: What’s the thing for you to do when you are on your way to school and notice

-._ that you are in danger of &eing late? I

CORF&CT ANSWERS: Star Spangled Banner

. WRONG ANSWERS:

pole, stick, post; rag,. kite \.

/. -

_. Hurry. Go right ahead to school..

t/ Take the street bus. ,

s \ WRON,G ANSWERS: > - - / Go on to school and tell my teacher why I’m late. Not stop -. Just keep on going. - , , Get a late card. 2 l QUESTION: What’sthe thing for you to do- when -

you have broken something that be- ’ longs to someone else?

CORRECT ANSWERS: / - -_--

I’d be scared I had to buy another one for ‘em. I If I have ane I give it to him. Pay for it. Give them something.

‘WRONG ANSWERS: -. Be ashamed. ‘ Tell ‘my mother.

i Feel%orry. Tell ‘em I did it. 1

My mother will spank me. !

, / F Y

QUESTION: Which is pretti .er?

courses whose curricula were designed to doubted by many scientists, as well as by the Circular method provide training for the student’s prospec- general pbblic. For a time, comparing physi- tive occupatioh. In this way, IQ became the cal characteristics had been the major

The circularity of this method is’obviob!

rationale for inferior anQ ,oppressive educa- method of justifying racism, but by’ 1909, ’ Binet’s test merely tested some qualit

tion for millions of blacks and other R.S. Woodworth, Chairman of the An- which was approved of by teachers, and th

working-class children. thropology and Psychology division of the’ teachers’- opinions were surely based s

Class i&rests American Association’ for the Advancement

much on the social behavior and attitude ( . th‘

. of Science was writing, “We are probably e children as on their innate “intellir

justified ti infer@g-from the re$ults cited - ence.” Again we see that the so-called inte

As these people identified with the in- ligence. tests really m&sure acceptable bc terests of the ruling class, they would obvi- that the sensory +nd motor prodesses and the havior, and that what is termed acceptable j ously try to-define intelligence and devise & elementary brain activities, though differing test which would make those who were riqh in degrees from one individual to ‘another,

socially and politically determined. An example may make this clear. Score

and powerful come out as the smartest. are about ‘the ,same from one race to Francis Galton was one of the f’lrst to at- another*”

on the Binet test do not-correlate well wit

Clearly, from a racist point of view a be&r school success if the tests are taken be101

tempt this. In 1869 he wrote a bdok called the age- of six or seven; theri=fore from th Hereditary &nius, claiming that intelligence measurement of racial differences and a bet- point of view of the testers, these tests ar was inherited, and that the British ruling ter basi6 of racist idiology was needed. The class had more of it than anyone else. Even- IQ test’s time had come.

less “reliablre.” Out of the six tests given 2 age three, four of them are “Copying a ch

dually-he made up a test concentrating on Intelligence testing

cle,” ‘/‘ Drawing a vertical line,” “Stringin measuring what he thoug& intelligence was, beads,” and “Block building-bridge.” traits like “memory” and “sensory-motor ~ The honor of coming up with such a test ’ ‘While these items might tell you whit development, ’ ’ and tried finally to correlate belongs to the -French psychologist Alfred three year olds are not doing as well a the results with “emineiice” in science and Binet, Binet’s approach was to avoid an exp- society. His correlations were about zero licit definition of intelligence, and instead to

others chronologically speaking, an uppc class, highly motivated child would n<

since he could fmd no skill bn which the rich simply assume that whatever intelligenqe is, enjoy much of an advantage on such test: did better than the average’ British person. it develops with age. If a child performed as Therefore,, the scores obtained do not ger This did nof,stop him, however, fiorn going well on a test as the average child inshis or her ’ erally correlate well with later school su( on to develop new tests.

In tie&a, James. M. C&tell made up age group, then he or she was considered. cess. 4s a result, these “performance” typ normal. If the child did better on the test ‘than, tests are dropped from the kinds of tesl

similar tests, but for him, too, the correla- the average in that age group, his or her given to older children. As the testing mar tions between subjects’ scores and success mental age was said to be greater than the ual for the Stanford-Binet S&ale says, in life “were disappointingly low. ” chronological age and visa versa.

A further problem for these people .was Herrns tein explains approvingly, continued on pg. 2


What CANDU can do

Nuclear power in Canada

Compared with the present troubled state of the nuclear industry in the U.S., the history of the Candu reactors seems a/most p/acid. There has yet to be a major public debate in Canada about the sighting of a nuclear power plant. The Pickering station, for example, is within the city limits of Toronto. Although there have been several accidents and ma/functions in Candu nuclear o/ants, none has so far caused any injury, any radio-active contamination outside the reactor building or any stoppage in the delivery of electric power.

four members of the Physics Club attended the Canadian Undergraduate Physics Conference St Universit6 Lava/ in Quebec City from October 8th to 7 7th.

This conference is organized every year by the Canadian Undergraduate f hysics Association ‘CUPA) to which the Physics Clubs in the various universities across Canada belong. The Naterloo delegation consisted ofjanice Ciesbrecht, Robert Inkol, Wayne Leckie and Ross Male.

The following paper on the Candu reactor was presented to the conference by UW physics Llndergraduate Bob Inkol.

The CANDU reactor concept has demon- strated considerable merit in recent years.

It is one that offers major advantages in efficiency over all others, with the sole exception of the unproven and controversial Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR). It is perhaps the most significant Canadian technological achievement of this century.

Some idea of the importance attached to the CANDU is evinced by the prediction that the installed capacity of Canada’s nuclear power stations will reach 30,000 megawatts by the year 1990.

The selection of the similar Steam Generating Heavy Water Reactor (SGH WR) by Britain for its next round of nuclear power plants further verifies the soundness of the CANDU concept.

Features of CANDU The CANDU reactor is distinguished by

two salient features. The frost feature is the use of heavy water

(D20) as the moderator. Heavy water is the best practical mod-

erator in the vitally important respect that it has the lowest neutron capture cross section of any moderator. It is inferior only to ordi- nary water (H20) in neutron slowing power, due to the larger mass of deuterium as compared to hydrogen.

Thus the CANDU can maintain a nuclear chain reaction in fuel containing less fissile material than any other system that does not employ heavy water as the moderator. Hence it follows that a natural uranium fuel cycle can be utilized with good results from the viewpoint of the attainable burnup. ’

Another feature of the CANDU reactor is the use of a pressure tube construction rather than the pressure vessel construction characteristic of most light water reactors.

The fuel is in the form of bundles of zir- conium tubes containing pellets of uranium dioxide. Each bundle is positioned in a pres-

sure tube through which heavy water coolant circulates. The pressure tube is inside another tube of lighter construction called the calandria. Carbon dioxide gas circulates in the gap between the two tubes.

This arrangement is used to minimize heat transfer from the pressure tubes to the relatively cool moderator.

The pressure tubes themselves are arranged in a lattice, the geometry of which is carefully optimized from the standpoint of the reactivity of the fuel.

The lattice of pressure tubes is contained in a tank of heavy water. The level of the heavy water can be adjusted to control the reactivity of the reactor.

If an emergency shutdown of the reactor is required, the heavy water can be emptied from the tank in less than thirty seconds.

Fuel economical, disposable

The CANDU reactors constructed for commercial power generation have generally imployed a natural uranium fuel cycle. The advantages of this are manifold.

A natural uranium fuel cycle -eliminates the need for expensive uranium enrichment facilities, while unlike virtually all other reactor systems it is economically feasible to forgo the reprocessing of the spent fuel. This comes about from the high neutron efficiency of the CANDU, which permits fuel burnup to the point where the uranium 235 content of the fuel is about 0.18%. Thus the proportion of uranium 235 remaining in the spent CANDU fuel is less than that which remains in natural uranium from which the uranium 235 has been extracted in an enrichment plant.

Therefore, reprocessing spent CANDU fuel is justifiable only for its plutonium content. As the plutonium is not required for enrichment purposes in the CANDU fuel

CANDU POWER REACTORS

ROLPHTON, ,QUE.: NUCLEAR POWER DEMONSTRATION PLANT (NPD)

DOUGLAS POINT, ONT.: OPERATING

GENTILLY, QUE.: BOILING LIGHT WATER (BLW) (EXPERIMENTAL) UNDER CONSTRUCTION (CONVENTIONAL CANDU)

PICKERING, ONT.: OPERATING UNDER CONSTRUCTION

BRUCE, ONT.: UNDER CONSTRUCTION PLANNED

POINT LEPREAU, N.B.: UNDER CONSTRUCTION

DARLINGTON, ONT.: PLANNED

PAKISTAN : OPERATING (KARACHI)

INDIA: OPERATING (RANA PRATAP) PLANNED (KALPAKKAM) PLANNED (NARORA)

ARGENTINA: UNDER CONSTRUCTION (RIO TERCERO)

SOUTH KOREA : PLANNED (WOLSUNG)

cycle, reprocessing is not necessary. From the standpoint of safety this has the

great advantage that there is no processed plutonium in circulation which conceivably could be diverted for antisocial uses. In addition there is a greater amount of radioactive material after reprocessing. Hence the problems of providing safe longterm storage are magnified by reprocessing of fuel.

The CANDU fuel bundle is relatively compact and the metal cladding is normally intact, with the consequent benefit that it is not necessary to handle highly radioactive materials directly.

It has been proposed that long term storage of spent CANDU fuel can best be ac- complished by storing the spent fuel in salt domes in suitably geologically stable loca- tions .

In contrast, the uranium 235 content of the spent fuel of the light water reactors is ap- preciably higher than that of natural uranium and in view of the inherent need for the enrichment of light water reactor (LWR) fuel, fuel reprocessing is virtually unavoidable.

The CANDU produces about two times the amount of energy as the LWR for the same amount of natural uranium invested. Considering the limited nature of existing uranium deposits, which are far from being inexhaustible as many believe, this is a major plus in favour of CANDU.

The depleted uranium produced by enrichment facilities now exists in large quantities and will be useful as fuel only with enrichment by suitable fissile isotopes. These can be produced in sufficient quan-

YUCLEAR POWER STATION at Pickering, Ont., has four Candu reactors. Each has a gross generating capacity of 540 megawatts of electric- ity (MWe); the net capacity after supplying station needs is 5 7 4 N We. The “du” in Candu refers to deuterium oxide (heavy water) and uranium. In the Candu reactor concept deuterium oxide acts both as

the moderator, for slowing down neutrons, and as the coo/ant, or heat-transport medium. The fuel is natural (unenriched) uranium in oxide form. The Pickering station, the first entire/y commercial nuclear power facility in Canada, is owned by Ontario Hydro. First of Pickering’s units began operating in I 97 I.

1971 250 1979 600

1971 4 x 540 1980 4 x 540 ’

1976 4 x 745 1982 4 x 750

1983 4 x 800

1980 1 600

tities only by a Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR). The FBR, however, poses numerous

technical problems. It is doubtful whether it can ever be as safe or as reliable as a thermal reactor such as the CANDU.

CANDU relatively safe The pressure tube construction of the

CANDU reactor offers significant advantages .

Pressure tubes are more easily fabricated than the pressure vessels used by LWRs. The pressure tubes will not fail catastrophi- cally, whereas there is some concern that pressure vessels could do so. In addition, the pressure tube construction permits on power refueling of the reactor, thus reducing down time. This feature is unique to the CANDU.

The existence of a large amount of cool moderator is an important safety factor in the unlikely event that both the emergency coolant system and the normal coolant system completely fail.

The fuel rods will melt down and the hot pressure tubes will expand to touch the calandria tubes which separate the pressure tubes from the moderator. The heat will then be dissipated in the moderator. Since the fuel is natural uranium, there is no possibility of the melted fuel rods forming a critical mass.

The CANDU reactor is inherently stable in that the reactivity has a negative temperature coefficient.

An increase in temperature causes the coolant to expand, or in an extreme case to boil. The reduction in the density of the coolant reduces its efficiency as a moderator .

Thus control is non-critical as opposed to the FBR, which for various technical reasons poses stability problems.

Possible improvements to CANDU

Potentially one of the most significant capabilities of the CANDU is in the use of thorium as a fuel.

Thorium is approximately twelve times as plentiful as uranium and in a well-designed CANDU would permit breeding or near breeding operation (ie. the production in the fuel cycle of more fissile material than is consumed).

This combines the advantages of an FBR with proven technology. In fact it has been calculated that thorium-burning CANDUs could meet world energy needs for thousands of years.

Another possibility is that improved performance can be achieved by using denser uranium compounds such as Uranium Car- bide (UC) in the fuel rods.

The use of an organic coolant would facili- tate higher thermal efficiencies by permitting higher temperatures, besides allowing lighter pressure tube construction on account of the low vapour pressure.

Thus the CANDU reactor offers significant advantages over competing systems, and will continue to play an expanding role in meeting Canadian energy requirements.

26 the chevron friday, november 14, 1975

Pollution : How much can science do?

industries get away with making the public pay for pollution control because the role of industry shapes the ro/e of government.

All across the nation, big corporations have friends on planning boards, in legislatures, and on pollution commissions. They sponsor the research of university experts. Their interests are we/I represented. Who represents the interests of the people?

No one can represent our interests when only wealthy people, or people with powerful backers, can get into office; when the nation’s newspapers and radio and television stations are controlled by wealthy men and powerful corporations.

Very rare/y do black or white working peole, or non-wealthy housewives, get to become mayors, or city supervisors- or pollution control officials.

But what if more of them did! Suppose there were lots of dedicated politicans, and suppose corporations agreed to cooperate. Then could they stop pollution? How would they do it?

“Science got us into this mess, and science will get us out. Technology can cure the problems of technology .”

Unfortunately, America depending on technology to pull her out of the hole is like a high-pressured, over-anxious businessman expecting a few Turns to cure his ulcers after smoking and drinking coffee all day, and gulping down big dinners of extra-spicy, artificially-flavoured, preservative-laden food. You can’t tack a solution onto a problem and expect it to work if you don’t deal with the cause of that problem.

Besides, you just can’t say that “technology” is the cause of pollution. Someone controls that technology and uses it for specific purposes. If you don’t consider these things, then “pollution control” won’t even get off the ground. Basic laws of nature see to that.

One of the fundamental principles of science is that disorder tends to increase. Whenever energy is used, or transformed, some will always be wasted; this unavoidable loss is known as the entropy factor. In simpler words, making a mess is much easier than cleaning one up.

So atomic generating plants merely replace air pollution with water pollution and greatly increased radioactivity in the environment. Technology takes us out of the frying pan into the fire.

Oil spills are a good example. Remember the pictures of Santa Barbara? The massive drilling rigs out in the water symbolized the complicated, ingenious technology that had been developing to bring oil up from under hundreds of feet of rock and water.

But when that technology broke down and sophisticated methods were attempted to break up the oil-by dropping detergents on it-they only ended up doing greater harm. People may have been convinced that things were better because the messy oil goo was no longer visible, but the detergents were even more poisonous to sea life.

Another basic principle of science makes the problem a little sharper: matter cannot be destroyed, only transformed. There are three states of matter, and we suffer from three types of pollution: too much garbage (solid), water pollution (liquid), and air pollution (gas). When we try to deal with one, we tend to make the others worse.

Take garbage, for example. If you try to burn it, you’ve got air pollution. So you develop special incinerators that cut down air pollution, but then you get dirty filters and residues-more solids. If you dump that stuff in the water, you’ve got water pollution.

It’s the same story with dirti water. With advanced methods, water can be considerably cleansed, but one by-product is tons of sludge (solid). Getting rid of the ’ sludge brings in all the problems of garbage dis- posal.

And controlling air pollution, as just mentioned, produces solid wastes, often very poisonous, that are hard to deal with.

The only possible solution includes something called recycling. This means finding ways to use waste products over again. The metal, paper and plastic components of garbage, for example, could be separated and re-used. The rest of the rubbish could be converted to compost, which is nothing more than natural fertilizer.

But recycling requires total economic planning. In America, big companies sell millions of dollars worth of chemical fertilizer, and they will fight any program which

sees city and state governments putting organic fertilizer on the market. In this country total economic planning for the best overall results is not possible.

The same goes for water and air pollution. Most by-products which could be recycled are already being produced very profitably by other companies. American corporations make more money digging additional resources out of the ground than recycling them. They’re not about to sacrifice these profits just because recycling makes better ecological sense.

To make matters worse, many new products are made to be super-disposable. As a result. thev are harder to recycle.

developed to replace metal ones. But the only way to get rid of them once you’ve used them is to bum them-and then you end up breathing beer cans.

Behind all these difficulties is the sheer problem of energy. Most of our electrical power is generated by plants that burn coal or oil. This is why electric utility companies like Con Ed in New York or PG&E in California are always among the worst air polluters. Their air pollution is very visible, so they talk up atomic generating plants.

Atomic plants, however, also pollute. They need immense amounts of water to cool the reactors, and this water, when dis- charged back into the rivers, is very hot.

P&tic bker cans, for example, have been Thiscreates something called thermal pollu-

Polltiion and Big Business: the publ!!iic pays while

Many companies take a “cosmetic” approach to pollution. If you can’t see it, then it’s not there.

They mix steam with the crud belching out of their smokestacks so that the plume looks white, and clean, and harmless. Companies that emit too much filth to disguise often do their dirty work at night-an even better ploy.

Oil companies come out with big ads showing how their “special additive” gasolines make car exhaust so clean that a balloon can be filled with exhaust and remain nearly transparent. This is supposed to mean it’s no longer dangerous pollution. A better test would be to stick an oil company executive in the balloon along with the fumes for a few minutes, or pump that exhaust through the company board room while a meeting is in session.

Other companies prefer to juggle statistics. And there are companies, slightly more blatant than most, that revert to outright lies :

If you read Lzye, or Look, or Time, you’ve probably seen full-page ads showing crystal-clear rivers flowing through green, unspoiled forests. The Georgia-Pacific Lumber Co. places these ads and tells us how much it believes in conservation. That same company, reported a Portland, Oregon, newspaper, sent letters to its workers attacking conservationists because they were “trying to limit the workers’ right to cut trees!” They’re also spending huge sums of money pushing for the Timber Supply Bill.

It’s a good story to remember next time some big corporation tries to tell you how concerned it is about our environment.

What big corporations are really concerned about is money. That’s why they go to so much trouble to be sure the government-and even the public-won’t tip the applecart. Because the balance sheet is very one-sided about who profits from pollution versus ‘who pays for it. It reads as follows:

In 1969, American corporations spent approximately a billion dollars on pollution control, while amassing after-tax profits of $66 billion. They spent only 1.5% of their profits cleaning up their own mess!

Even these figures are deceptive. The federal and state governments give big tax breaks to corporations for their pollution-control expenses. For every million dollars companies spend, they get back over $700,000. The public pays 70% of their costs. Their break is our burden.

Not only do we quietly pick up the tab for business’ own expenses, but the bill for government anti-pollution programs also falls on our shoulders.

The government wants the public to pay over $10 billion for municipal treatment plants over the next five years, while asking industry to spend only $3 billion (tax- deductible) on its own waste water. But industry uses-and dirties-two-thirds of America’s water, and farmers account for most of the rest.

The icing on the cake is the simple fact that 40% of all the wastes handled by public water plants come from industry! There’s another $4 billion we pick up for them.

It’s the same story with air pollution. What companies pay they save on tax deductions, or else they raise prices and pass the costs on to us. We pay extra for smog control devices on our cars, and for modified gasoline.

And garbage: the cost of handling all the trash from industry, and all the consumer products which can’t be disposed of, will be over $40 billion during the next five to ten years. Forbes Magazine, a businessman’s journal, tells us very clearly just what this means: “Little wonder that businessmen and Wall Streeters alike are drooling. . . The taxpayer had better steel himself to pay the tab.”

In other words corporations want us to pay for their own pollution, while making big profits out of pollution itself. Pollution control is becoming a Big Business. Some of the big companies that rank among the worst of all polluters are buying up pollution control companies. They want to have their cake and eat it.

There should be no doubt now why the Bigwigs tell us that “People Pollute.” “Let the public pay!” is their real message.

tion: hot water changes the balance of life and kills off many fish; rivers and lakes lose their ability to clean themselves and become much more polluted.

So atomiE generating plants merely replace air pollution with water pollution. Technology takes us out of the frying pan and into the fire.

This leads to the most basic problems of all in America, as things are now, so much 01 certain kinds of energy is used, in such large amounts, the entropy (pollution) can only be overwhelming.

And as long as the American economy turns out immense quantities of missiles! cars, steel skyscrapers, space-ships and pointless appliances, there must be an immense amount of combustion to produce and run these things. As far as we know now: only combustion technology-the burning of fuel (mostly coal, also oil&can provide the tremendous, concentrated energy needed.

But combustion consumes oxygen and re- leases staggering amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The CO2 is building up

especially as more and more plant life (whick converts CO2 back to oxygen) is destroyed.

All this CO2 in the air is beginning to cause something known as the “greenhouse ef. feet”: the light rays from the sun can get in, but when they reach the earth and turn intc heat rays, the heat rays can’t get out. This tends to heat up the lower levels of the atmosphere. Nobody really knows what this is going to do, but most scientists are positive that it will be extremely dangerous.

What it really comes down to, and whai you rarely hear about, is that on the whole, anti-pollution devices can only slow down the rate at which things are getting worse. Being poisoned a little more slowly is hardly a cure.

Fighting pollution with gadgets is like treating cancer by lopping off the most obvious tumours. While expensive devices can make a few processes less harmful, every year more factories send their stacks into the sky and run their culverts into the rivers.

Bulldozers clear off hundreds of square miles of farmland to be paved over, and strip mines gouge immense scars across the country to get ores that feed insatiable smelters.

Countless forests are hacked away tc make more and more paper.

continued on pg. 21


IQ artrlc/e continued from page 22 stance, that as soon as there is any change of population, from the one studied, or any change of environment, then all bets are off.

The terms ‘population’ and ‘environment’ in this definition are variables, and heritability is defined in relation to those variables. How restricted the variables have to be is, as the term ‘variable’ suggest, variable. In%par- titular, when the trait in question is capability of performing well on standard I.Q. tests, it is a matter ‘of evidence-not a matter of ‘ ‘ideology’ ’ -just which environmental variables have how much influence in just which populations.

It is not !rue, as the author appears to be willing to affum simply on the basis of this very abstract argument, that we can know right off that it is impossible for I.Q. to be heritable in the sense defined (viz., genetically influenced), relative to some very wide range of environments and among the entire human population of the world. We also cannot know in the abstract that they are-obviously.

Now, the studies used by Jensen to support the genetic hypothesis are extremely numerous and test with respect to an enormous number of variables, including the ones associated with poverty. (Does the author know, for example, that Mexican Americans and American Indians living in considerably more depressed, poverty-stricken environments than corresponding black populations also display the substantially higher I.Q. score detected in matched middle-class subjects? Jensen also says that blacks do relatively better on the culturally biased parts of the tests .)

It is not clear what it would even mean to say that I.Q. was in no way influenced by

-heredity, i.e., that its heritability in the sense defined is zero.

However, what is more immediately at issue is whether there are not environmental variables with respect to which I.Q. is relatively invariant, or more important such that when held constant, we still get differences in I .Q. performance. And if the reader will reflect for a few moments on this matter, he will, I suspect, find it overwhelmingly prob- able that iudividual differences in I.Q. are to some extent genetic.

John Stuart Mill- was subjected to a re- markably rigorous program of education

Pollution continued from pg. 26 .

Leaky oil wells are drilled in more dangerous places.

And freeways expand over the land. The skies get grayer, the rivers browner, more people get sick, and life becomes more dreary for those without the means to escape.

It’s not that the world is dying-it’s being killed. The murder can be prevented. But technology won’t cure pollution because the real cause of pollution is a lot more than just technology 0

Reprinted from The Earth Belongs to the People.

from early childhood up, and he himself modestly attributed his remarkable powers to that training. But so were his numerous siblings, and i5-om all reports they simply were not in his intellectual class.

Insofar as environmentalist hypotheses are testable, it is always found that matching environments as closely as is humanly possible will still result in substantial individual differences in IQ. performance; or so, at any rate, I am told, and I must point out that I am only a moderately well-informed layman on these matters.

What I do want to emphasize here is that on the individual level, the idea that every human being’s innate intelligence is identical is just utterly incredible.

But if this is so, then it must be pointed out that no amount of a prior! argument will suf- fice to show that genetically determined racial differences are impossible even though individual ones are possible.

Certainly nothing said by the author comes within miles of proving this. So far as the article goes, its net effect against Jensen is zero. (a) He attributes to Jensen a hypothesis which Jensen does not propound and which doesn’t apparently make sense anyway; (b) his attempt to show that the I.Q. issue is ‘ ‘ideological” is totally under- argued; or more charitably, it is simply not argued at all; (c) he seems quite unaware of the amount of empirical work that has been done on this issue, and evidently thinks that Jensen is a mere potterer, which is anything but the truth from all I have been told by those who know his work.

Finally, I’d like to know more about this term ‘Snow Job’, which you so cavalierly put in the title of your article. Jensen (and Herrnstein) have been widely persecuted for their speculations. Everybody in the profes- sion in the U.S. hopes that he’s wrong. Highly competent people agree that he certainly hasn’t been refuted. Who is “snow- ing” whom?

It seems to me that you are doing your 1 readers, and ultimately yourselves, a great disservice by publishing this kind of stuff. The well-informed among them will simply dismiss the paper as crap-and of course, a great many of them do.

The poorly-informed among them, however, might be taken in, at least temporarily: but what kind of service is that?

Finally, and perhaps worst of all, if you continually immerse yourself in your own viewpoint, badly informed and conceptually confused, you run the risk of ending up con- vincing yourselves of it: and how is that a service, either to you or to mankind? (For example: if you think that the genetic hypothesis really does shore up racism, and then eventually it turns out to be so overwhelmingly confirmed that-even unreasona- ble people could no longer honestly deny it, then what happens? Well, you’ll become racists, that’s what. Wouldn’t it be better to explore the moral question first, in independence of the psychological question, so that your morality won’t be founded on ignorance and misconception too? Is it really any help to people to lie to them about their basic characteristics? If not, why does it help to obfuscate the issues about them? How much difference is there, after a certain point, between obfuscation and lying?)

Jan Narveson Philosophy Department

IetXer In response to Doug Wahlstein’s. letter

(chevron, October 31), I would like to express my views concerning the initial gathering of those people in Kitchener-Waterloo interested in the perspective offered by “Wages for Housework”.

We came to listen and discuss with these people; unfortunately, we were also bar- raged with the position of the AIA (Anti- Imperalist Alliance) on the “Wages for Housework” theory.

When objections were raised as the alloted time for this speech was ended, an audience packed with AIA ‘members “democrati-

tally” voted to listen to the complete ftiteen minute text on this position we had not come to hear.

And contrary to AIA membership, this presentation of views did not spark discussion, merely hostility.

The non-AIA people in this audience and all the other meetings you disrupt are not interested in your rantings of dogma. You cannot gather support with these tactics, only alienate those with whom you wish to “discuss”.

You question how “reactionary” this perspective is? Are not all perspectives that do not coincide with your perspective “reactionary”?

Jane Peddie

Fascist slanders This October 13, like a goat leading the

sheep to the slaughter, Trudeau tried to mis- lead the Canadian people.

The great majority of the Canadian people are defying Trudeau’s best efforts to mis- lead. However, I see from last weeks cor- respondence that at least one individual is adding his bleatings to Trudeau’s chorus. The main part of Mr. Obido’s letter is a series of more or less openly fascist slanders and proposed attacks directed against the Canadian working class, which I am confi- dent, will have no currency amongst the Canadian people.

Mr. Obido also raised the old shibboleth of the ‘interests of the community’. The capitalists constantly promote the idea that there is an overriding community interest, public interest, national interest-anything to obscure the existence of a ceaseless class struggle.

It is the aim of every capitalist to make maximum profits. Any capitalist who fails to do this will sooner or later be devoured by other, more successful capitalists. In order to make maximum profits the capitalists constantly try to reduce the level of workers wages. In response the workers organize to resist. This resistance takes many forms, including strikes.

To suggest that workers give up their best weapon in this economic struggle in the in-, terest of the community is to suggest they become the willing victims of the capitalists.

Here in Kitchener-Waterloo, the transit workers are fighting for a wage acceptable to themselves. If they had not been so firm in their resistance they would have been forced to accept 10 per cent long ago. If Kitchener City Council thought they could get away with it they would offer less, always less.

It’s true that strikes are often inconvenient. But we can either support the capitalists or the workers. In deciding who to support we should not forget that we at this university are also being attacked by the capitalists in the guise of the Ontario Gov- ernment.

-john s&ford

Housework I The recent meeting on campus on Wages

for Housework was well attended and the response has been very positive; most of the women who came to the meeting expressed an interest in pursuing the Wages for Housework perspective and a regular group is now beginning in Kitchener-Waterloo.

Any women who would like to know more about the perspective can contact Mary Holmes at 742-6968, Sue Calhoun at 743-3331 or Linda Lounsberry at 742-0888.

Call us if you would like to read the available literature or would like any information at all about it:

Mary Holmes

.

R#ore Martians John Williams and the AMA, at a confed-

eration sponsored meeting last Wednesday evening, once again were proven to be reac- tionists and alarmists behind their revisionist anti-Martian facade.

Although the meeting was not publicized, thousands turned out” to hear the truth and confront John Williams and his “earth people’s rhetoric”. After a confusing speech, he refused to answer questions posed by the hard-pressed Martian Avocado Pickers Association (MAPA). He blatantly attacked the MAPA workers as a “controlled appendage” of the MAGP (Martian Al- liance of Geographers : Planners).

How could he be so rude?! Martians throughout the audience cringed in disbelief. The heathen then proceeded to chant Anti-Martian slogans over the P!A. system. No self-respecting Martian would ever deal with honest questioning in such a manner.

As the AMA proceeded to disrupt the meeting, disgruntled MAPA workers fought back. Over-ripe avocados caught the revisionist demogogue off-balance. Martians rose behind the Avocado rallying cry to crush the seething anti-Martian wave. Armed only with Avocados and truth, the badly outnumbered Martians fought bravely.

Truth and avocados had almost won the day when the unscrupulous John Williams offered $3.00 to anyone of the uncommitted audience to join the AMA. Despite a total lack of moral support, the AMA turned the tide with the all-mighty dollar.

The United Martian Front (MAGP and MAPA) could only hope to regroup and smash the so-called “‘peoples of the earth army” in front of the library at 3:OO p.m. Tuesday. Join our struggle against revisionist rhetoric.

Dan Miklos MAGP

Member: Canadian university press (CUP). The chevron is typeset by members of the workers union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) and published by the federation of students incorporated, university of Waterloo. Content is the sole responsibility of the chevron editorial staff. Offices are located in the campus centre; (519) 885-l 660, or university local 2331. Hammerhead of the week award goes out this week to gerald martiniuk, chairman of the waterloo police commission, who does his bit for fascism by recruiting a group of businessmen to picket the home of local cupw president Charles Yates and then bitches because Yates won’t let them use his bathroom. and anyone who doesn’t believe that sexism is alive and well and living in montreal should scan Wednesday’s globe and mail to check out the criteria by which the Olympic organix- ers are recruiting their hostesses, apparently no women who wear glasses are being hired, which quote really helps to screen out the women who are real dogs unquote. did someone mention international women’s year? chevrics of the week: graham gee, george eisler, julia Schneider, Steve mcmullan, jim carter, denis andre, david anjo, shane roberts, isabella grigoroff, glen dewar, john macnair, libby warren, bob inkol, p. shaw and loris g., terri berlinghoff, harry warr, dionyx mcmichael, doug ward, hal mitchell, ludbwig van b. and hardy perennials neil docherty, john morrls, diane ritza, Sylvia hauck and me? hh

’ The Elora Gorge Defence Fund

When the Grand River Conservation Authority voted to give up some of its parkland to Well ington County to

build a highway bridge across the deepest and most picturesque part of the Elora Gorge, two members of the

authority took it to court. These members, Morley Rosenberg and Mat Makarchuk had voted against the

proposal claiming that the Conservation Authority had no legal right to transfer the land except for conservation,

restoration, development and management, the I objectives set out in the Conservation Authority’s Act.

On July 15, 1975, Mr. Justice F.S. Weatherston ruled against the public interest plaintiffs.,

If this decision stands we are in danger of losing not only a unique natural area but also the ability of citizens

to use the courts in order to protect public rights. Mr. Weatherston’s judgement that “only the Attorney

General can launch a legal action against a public body where matters on infringement of public rights are

concerned” has set a damaging precedent which denies the status of citizens in the courts.

The plaintiffs in this case and the Groups Organized to Retain the Gorge for Everyone (GORGE) are concerned

that unless this decision is successfully appealed, the negotiating power of conservation, consumer, civil

liberties and other public interest groups will be eroded. Indeed, by this ruling Ontario may well become one of

the few provinces that does not allow citizens to use the courts to stop illegal acts of statutory corporations.

In order to proceed with the appeal against the judgement it is necessary to raise’5,OOO dollars to cover

the possibility of court costs being awarded against the plaintiffs.

Without financial aid the case can go no further and the appeal will have to be abandoned.

Time is running out. Without your support, money once again will triumph over justice.

Help Establish the Elora Gorge Defence Fund - Pledge Now

I tCle appeal is lost.

I pledge $ to the Elora Gorge Defence Fund to cover court costs if

Signature

Address _ I r -Mcz-- I

Phone .

Dated

Send or phone pledges to:

Ontario Public Interest Research Group at, University of Waterloo, Chemistry 1, Rm. 351, 884-9020

McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Wentworth House, 523-0131

Pollution Probe at University of Waterloo, University of Guelph, Environment 202, 885-l 211 ext. 3780 Rm. 216 University Centre, ext. 8537

Make post-dated cheques payable to the Elora Gorge Defence Fund. All cheques will be returned if the case is won.

1975-76_v16,n22_chevron

Documents

campus centre pub

matched set matched

pm physics

federation flicksphantom

paul williams

blues club

outers club

cents admission