1963 - unt digital library/67531/metadc871545/... · particle-size determinations are made by...
TRANSCRIPT
-
Facsimile Price $
Microfilm a Pric Available from the
Office of Technical Services Department of Commerce Washington 25, D. C.
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FOUMD I N A I R AT HANFOFD PLUTONIUM FABRICATION FACILITIES
B. V. Andersen . Radiological Development and Calibrations
SeptembeT 12, 1963
Prepared f o r Presentation a t Seventh. Annual Western
Indus t r i a l Health Conference San Francisco, California September 27 and, 28, 1963
Work Performed Under Contract NO. AT(45-1 )*I350 - \ Bebeen T h e Atomic Energy Cornmisfon
&ui General Electric Company This document is
RADIATION PROTECTION OPERATION HANFORD LABORATORIES
HANFORD ATOMIC PRODUCTS OPERATION Richlond, washington
G E N E R A L E L E C T R I C
-
DISCLAIMER
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
-
DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.
-
UNCLASSIFIED
63 HW- SA- 3197
PARTICLE: SIZE DISTRIEUTIOM FOUND I N A I R AT HAITFORD PLUTORISM FABRICATION FACILITIES
B, V. Andersen
hAiol.ogica1 Deyselo-pent and Calibrations Radiation Protect i o n Operat ion.
HANFOFD LABORATORIES
The conventional sampling methods of f i l t r a t i o n and impaction a re generally u t i l i z e d i n t
-
UNCLASSIFIED 0
HW- SA- 3197
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FOUND I N A I R AT HANFORD PLUTONIUM FABRICATION FACILITIES
Plutonium and plutonium recycle research and development s tudies a re
pr inc ipa l prodiuxs of the Hanford Atomic Products Operation. Each day,? l a rge
quant i t ies of plutoniun: and plutonim-containing materials a r e processed a t
t he Hanford f a c i l i t i e s , This processing is conducted i n l a rge sealed c e l l s
o r processing hoods.
f o r pos i t ive containment. of p l u t a n i m mater ia ls a t a11 t imes,
work with plutonium materials i s performed remotely; however, maintenance
and spec ia l prccesses do require t h e use of rubber hood gloves o r p l a s t i c
ports f o r spec i f i c operatioris In general, these methods of handling
Radiological design and engineeTing features provide
In general,
p1uton:i.m have proven t o be highly sa t i s f ac to ry ,
i n hood sea l s occasiocally result i n minor amounts of plutonium being released
t o the bui lding atmosphereo The very s t r i c t controls required on the concen-
t r a t i o n of plut~onium i n breathing"' a i r and the very small maximum pern iss ib le
body burden o f plutoniun, a s shown i n Sl ide 1, require t h a t a dependable a i r
Glove ruptures o r f a i l u r e s
sampling program be conducted i n plutonium processing a reas .
adequate protect ion and, i n fact , t o evaluate the consequences of plutonium
re leases t.0 the breathing a i r , %lm-w~@ analysis of plutonium a i r samples i s
r e quire d
To assure
The current HanfGrd studies include a development program t o provide a i r
sample evaluation by character iz ing plutonium p a r t i c l e s izes and s i z e d i s t r ibu t ions
a s found i n breathing a i r ,
UNCLASSIFIED
-
UNCLASSIFIED HW-SA- 3197'
A i r Sampling and Evaluation Xethods - The r:xitine air sampling program a t %inford consis ts of cen t r a l vacuum
systems .t;d.th su f f i c i en t capacity t o ssmple from 5 t o 10 CFM of room a i r through
4 inch 3 ~ - 4 iach or 4 inch >y 8 inch Bol:.l.ngsworth and Vose Type 70 asbestos-
based f i l t i e r psper ,
o f interest , on an eight-hour basis t o as long as a weekly bas i s ,
several. thousand such a i r samplers operated continually a t Hanford.
f i l ters provide t h e main. source of a i r sample materLa2. on which par t ic le -s ize-
anal.yse6 sre .made a f t e r cases of acate exposure t G a plutonium aerosol .
few l x a % i * o n . s judged t o be of grea ter ir;terest o r greater po ten t i a l hazard
based upon work a c t i v i t i e s , t he f i l t e r used i s 8. 4 inch by 4 inch o r 4. inch
by 8 Lnzh membrane-type f i l t e r ,
p a r t i c l e s i z e d e t e d n a t i o n work,v espsc ia l ly f o r e lectron microscope viewing
of p a r t i c l e s
The collerltiora f i l t e r s a r e chafiged according t o the degree
There a r e
These
In a
This membrane f i l t e r i s more anenable t o
A l l a ther a i r sampl.ing methods di.scussed a r e u t i l i z e d only i n spec ia l
studi e8 and are not rout ine ly Qperated
Cascade Impactor
The cascade-t,ype impactor sample vas used extensively a t Hanford t o
character ize p a r t i c l e s i r e s i n s tack e f f luen t systems and t o check ef f luent
monitoring system ef f ic ieEcleso However, it. - i s not used i n t h i s study and
i s only mentioned here as a co l lec t ion device t h a t can be u t i l i z e d .
A k e t z aerosol spectrometer(') is curren t ly used a t Hanford t o characterize
small p a r t i c l e diamet,erso "he Caetz spectrometer process o f separating the
p a r t i c l e s from the air-borne s t a t e IS based upon the appl icat ion o f high
centr i fugal forces t o a continuous laminar flow of t h e aerosol under conditions
UNCUSSIFIEID
-
UNCLASSIFIED - 3 - HW- SA- 3197
which cause the f a l l o u t of pa r t i c l e s t o follow Stokes' law. The flow i s confined
t o one pal.r o f identical. h e l i c a l channels of rhomboidal cross-section on t h e
periphery of a conical ro tor ; the ax is of the rot.ation coincides with t h a t of
the hel.ix. The a i r flow enters t he channels near the t o p and leaves a t the
wide end of t h e ro tor . The outer surface of the he l ix channel i s the place
where t h e air-auspended pa r t i c l e s a re deposited. A f o i l o r f i l t e r paper i s
placed on t h i s outer surface t o co l l ec t t h e p a r t i c l e s . "he spectrometer i s
capable of co l lec t ing pa r t i c l e s i n a spectrum fashion from about 4 microns i n
diameter down t o about 0.025 microns i n diameter when t e s t e d w i t h monodisperse
l a t e x s p k r e s of un i t demity. .
Royco Pa r t i c l e Counter
A Royco Pa r t i c l e Counter PC-200-A i s used t o s i ze non-radioactive p a r t i c l e s
i n various buildirag atmospheres e t Halzford. Aerosol p a r t i c l e s a r e passed i n a
stream through the sensing region of the opt ica l system, This region i s intensely
illiuciinat,ed by means of a l i g h t source,
l i g h t , a f r ac t ion of which proceeds tG a photomultiplier tube, E lec t r i ca l s igna ls
Pa r t i c l e s entering it s c a t t e r - i n c i d e n t
from the photomultiplier tube appear i n the form of pulses which are,related t o
p a r t i c l e s i zes .
and is not dependent on p a r t i c l e density. The iristrument i s su i tab le f o r dust
counting i n clean rooms m d other dust counting appl icat ions. J, M e Selby has
previously r e p ~ r t e d ' ~ ) results obtained with t h i s instrument, and a dust p a r t i c l e
d i s t r ibu t ion curve from h i s report i s shown i n S l ide 2.
The instrument has a p a r t i c l e s i z e range from 0.3 t o 8 microns ,
This type of inst.aunentation i s not of use i n plutonium p a r t i c l e s i z e
analysis because there a re in su f f i c i en t plutonium psrtfcrles i n breathing a i r
even a t m a x i m u m permissib1.e concentrations t o y i e ld s ign i f i can t p a r t i c l e counts.
-
mcms1 PIlEB - 4 .- Hw- SA- 3.191 --
This s m p k r cannot d i f f e ren t i a t e 'net,.weer?_ 12ist and ~2.utoni.u11 pa,%-tfcl,ea
comparison between the plu%cniurn m.imm. pera iss ib le concentration En a i r and
the .nimbes of pa r t i c l e s requi.r$d per cubic foot to prodirce %his zoncentraticn
is sh.um in Sl ide 3.
A
substances ori .the n.embrane f i . l t a r tend t o obscure ths p1u-bofi.i.m. p a r t i d e and
make t.he determination of parti .cle s i z e dfstribu+,ion very d i f f i c u l t and time
consuming Several mi.crogx.apbs a re shcm i r , Slide 4
In the upper micrographs, it is aFparerit. t h a t the paxzc lea seer: a r e n o t
plutonium oxide s ince no alpha t racks are seen i n t h e second micrograph which
has the m c l e a r t r ack emdsion present. In t he lover-righi? -micrograph, t he
alpha t racks a re present but t he mny small, partAclea seem , to have vanished,
They my have been dislocat.ed during the filI.xlng pmcess"
appear t o be related t o the s ing le lag%
The ;al.pha t racks
rnicrm) partl,c,:,ed 'Ihe raua.ber
-
UNCLASSIFIED - 5 - Hw- SA- 3197
of dis integrat ions seen re la ted t o the f i lm exposure t imesindicates t h a t t h e
pa.rt icle Been i s probably a pure h 0 2 p a r t i c l e .
Autoradiographic Exaairiation of A i r F i l t e r s
The 4 inch by 4 inch o r 4 inch by 8 inch asbestos type f i l t e r s used
routinely, supply a source of a i r samples t h a t represent the normal and abnormal
i n plutonium a i r concentrations. If these a re not u . t i l ized, spec ia l sampling
i s required t o obtain materials fo r analysis . It i s extremely unl ikely t h a t
a special. sample would be taken when an uexpec ted release of plutonium. t o
breathing a i r occurs. For these reasons,, the generally accepted method of
autoradiographing the f i l t e rs was employed t o get a measure of t h e p a r t i c l e
s i z e d i s t r ibu t ion . In t h i s method,, previously reported by I ~ a r y ' ~ ) , t he f i l t e r
i s exposed t o nuclear t rack film and the number of t racks counted on a micro-
scope f o r each p a r t i c l e detected, The plutonium p a r t i c l e s i z e can then be
calculated by assuming a p a r t i c l e densi ty fo r t h e radioactive mater ia l of
concern. The major l imi ta t ions t o the method a r e s e n s i t i v i t y and t h e tedious,
time consuming, t.rack counting, Since p a r t i c l e s o f all s i zes a re d is t r ibu ted
randomly on the f i l t e r paper, an exposure time e x i s t s beyond which t h e t racks
from l a r g e r p a r t i c l e s tend t o obscure the smaller ones. A p rac t i ca l range of
s i zes for detect ion of plutonium oxide spheres by t h i s method seems t o be
from 0.1 micron t o 10 microns.
Film exposures of each f i l t e r t o t.he nuclear t r ack f i l m was performed i n
successive s teps w i t h times of 12 mmutes, 120 minutes,1,200 minutes, and
12,000 ninutes employed. Each film s l ide was examined microscopically and
A t h e t racks counted foP those pa r t i c l e s which produced between. 5 and 50 t racks
on the f i . l m . This data 'was then u t i l i z e d to ca lcu la te t he plutonium oxide
UNCLASSIFIED
-
WCLASSIFI ED - 6 - HW-SA-3197
p a r t i c l e diameter.
p lu ton im oxide with a density of 11.46.
It was a s s u e d t h a t the pa r t i c l e s were spherical pure
Radiomicrographs of the alpha t racks
for some typ ica l pa r t i c l e s a r e seen in Slide 5 .
The alpha t r ack photGs shown represent exposure t3ne of 120 minutes9
1,200 minutes and 12,000 minutes for typ ica l areas o f one a i r sample It
i s obvious t h a t counting the - ~ r a ~ l r s present i n some case6 would be d i f f i c u l t
because of t h e i r l a r g e number and t h e overlap between alpha t racks from
neigjn5orilig paut ic ies
Re su.l t , s
The p a r t i c l e d i s t r ibu t ion data i s presented as a plot of the cumulative
perwritage of number of partic1,es up t o various st,a.ted s izes against diameter
on logarithmic probabi l i ty paper.
dus ts , m i s t s o r smokes.
determination of the geometric mean diameter quickly and the geornetric standard
deviation can be calculated
A s t r a i g h t l i n e :is usual ly found f o r most
This p lo t , as shown by Drhke r and Hatch(51 permits
The mass mean diameter was determined by a s imi l a r p lo t of radioactive
corrt3entp which i s d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d t c mss f o r pure Pu02, against diameter.
The geornetric standard deviatior?. i s t h e same f o r mass mean & m e t e r and count
mear, diameter.
centage of pa r t i c l e s and radi0activit .y i n t h e varioxs diameter groups examined"
A bar graph i s also shorn f o r each sample comparing the per-
The first air sample r e s u l t s shown i n Sl ides 6 and 7 m e from a routine
a i r sample taken when a can containing plutonium oxide powder was opened and
a v i s i b l e puff of powder was d js t r ibu ted throughout a It i s seen i n
t he i l l u s t r a t i o n t h a t t he count mean p a r t i c l e diamecer was a b m t one micron
UNCLASSIFIED
-
UNCLASSIFIED - 7 - m-s~-3197
with a considerable number of pa r t i c l e s i n the 1 t o 1 0 micron diameters present,
The mass aean diameter i s 6.3 microns.
on t h i s f i l t e r prevented detect ion of any pa r t i c l e s below 0.5 microns although
there were probably a s ign i f icant number present
The number of l a rge p a r t i c l e s present
Results from another sample a re shown i n Sl ides 8 and 9 . Tne a i r sample
analyzed 'was a routine a i r sample taken when a s m a l l . plutonium f i r e occurred
i n a hood,burning the hood gloves su f f i c i en t ly t o re lease some plutonium oxide
t o t h e room.
!?&e l o g normal p lo t indicated a count mean p a r t i c l e diameter of about
0.4 microns which i s considerably smaller than observed for t he plutonium
powder puff and with no pa r t i c l e s detected l a r g e r than about 4 microns.
t h i s case although t h e majority of t h e pa r t i c l e s a r e of the smaller s i zes , t h e
r ad ioac t iv i ty i s s t i l l found t o be mostly i n la rger -s ized p a r t i c l e s , The mass
mean diameter i s 1.5 p.
In
The p a r t i c l e s i z e d is t r ibx t ions shown i n Sl ides 10 and 1L were taken from
a rout ine a i r sample t h a t indicated a high plutonim. a i r concentration f o r no
known reason. It i s noted t h a t t he count mean p a r t i c l e dianeter fyom t h e prob-
a b i l i t y p lo t i s about 0.15 microns with t h e maximum p a r t i c l e diameter detected
o f about 2 microns
found i n t he r e l a t ive ly minor number of l a r g e r p a r t i c l e s present.
The majority of the rad ioac t iv i ty i n the sample still, is
The l a s t t yp ica l p a r t i c l e d i s t r ibu t ion i s presented i n Sl ides 12 and 13.
This a i r sample was taken i n an exhaust duct a f t e r t h e hood a i r was f i l t e r ed
by two high eff ic iency Cambridge type f i l t e r s but before f i n a l f f l t . r a t ion and
re lease t o the atmosphere,
a b i l i t y
@ The count mean p a r t i c l e 'diameter from the pmb- p lo t i s about 0.24 microns w i t h 99 per cent of t he p a r t i c l e s less
-
UNCLASSI FIE3 - 8 - HW-SA- 3197
than about 0.9 microns i n diameter. In t h i s case, the hood i s used f o r b a l l 63
mil l ing plutonium oxide, s iz ing t h e powder and then ‘tlending it w i t h o ther
mater ia ls i n the development of various reac tor fuel mater ia ls .
loading on. t he f i rs t absolute f i l t e r i s qui te high. These results a re shown
Thus, t h e
t o emphasize t h e need f o r several f i l t r a t i o n s teps i n . hood systems when exces-
s ive ly contaminated atmospheres e x i s t . It would a l sc appear t h a t the presence
o f an absolute f i l t e r o r two does not give one f r e e l icense t o c rea te highly
contminated atmospheres within a hood
The few examples shown are believed t o be typ ica l of ,the pa r t i c l e - s i ze
d i s t r ibu t ions found i n the rout ine a i r sampling program i n our plutonium metal
fabr ica t ion and experimental f a c i l i t i e s . FuPther s tud ies will be conducted on
rout ine a i r samples involving o ther mixtures o r compcunds of plutonium such a s
plutonium carbide and plutonium and iiranium oxide mixtures.
Goetz Spectrometer and Autoradiographic Pa r t i c l e Size Deternination
Preliminary work on applicati.on of +,he Goetz spectrometer t o determine
p a r t i c l e si.ze o f pU02 i n breathing a i r WGS performed. S h c e f i02 has a
dens i ty of 11.46 and t h e spectrometer is calibyated u l . t h u n i t densi ty l a t e x
spheres, the ac tua l s i z e range t h a t t he spectroFeter w i l l co l l ec t i n a
dispersed fashion i s considerably smaller3than.the c&.l ibrat ion minimun?. of
0.025 microns A t a b l e compari.nq p a r t i c l e diameter for materials of several
dens i t ies i s shown i n Sl ide 14 . b. t h e Goetz spectromster, the €3-102 par t i c l e s
i n a pure s t a t e should be removed and d is t r ibu ted along t n e path length with
pa r t i c l e diameters from 0.005 microns t o about 2 microns e
Unfortunately, there i s one more complicating fcc tor t h a t should be
considered i n the Pu02 p a r t i c l e s i ze d i s t r ibu t ion s o t h a t result.s can be
UNCLASSIFIED
-
UMCLASSIFBD - 9 - HW- SA- 3197
applied t o the resp i rab i l i t>y of p a r t i z l e s . This is t h e question of whether t he 63
PuO2 p e r t i c l e i s ac tua l ly t ravel ing by i t s e l f o r whether i t may be at.tached t o
a dust. o r other foreign p a r t i c l e present i n the a i r e.tream. Lmg exposure auto-
rad ioqaphs of zhe Goetz spectrum w i l l permit us t o loca te ?,he path length of
t h e p a r t i c l e and provide one with an estimate of t h e apparerit Stokes diameter.
Then t r ack counting techniques should eriahle us t.0 dete.mine the apparent r e a l
diametw based upon a spherical p a r t i c l e of pure PuO;!. Fpom these measurements,
one should be able t o log ica l ly deduce whether o r nott the plut,onium oxide p a r t i c l e
i s i n f a c t t r ave l ing by 1teei.f or attached t o a forejgn p a r t i c l e ,
cur ren t ly i n progress and w i l l he reported i n t h e Li te ra ture when complete.
type of analysis involves long term f i lm exposure and. tedious microscopic counting
of t racks .
t he smaller pa r t i c l e s of P U O ~ ~
!This work iis
This
FLlxti exposures f o r periods up t o 3 month€, may be required t o de tec t
. b o t h e r f i l m technique t h a t .Will be t r i e d on pa r t i c l e s of a s i ze v i s i b l e
under the niicroscope is t he use of a s t r ipp ing fiim muLsion applied d i r e c t l y
t o tk D.embrane f i l t e r material. The fila and fi l t .el- 8i:e thec haLdled 8 s a
uni2 with the f i lm development and examiriation of -the: alpha t racks and physical.
partic1.e under the microscope conducted with t h e filni and f i l t e r i n precise
alignment wlth each other . The result is t h a t t he alpha t racks can be assigned.
t o de f in i t e physical pa r t i c l e s and should pjeoTride a good indication. of t.he
s t a t e G f attachment of PuO2 So o ther aerosol partsicies. ,
be simf1,ar t o t h a t reported by J, T, Q l L ~ l i i n t he A.mei*l,can Indus t r i a l Hygiene
Journal
oxflinary dirt pa r t i c l e s presept on t h e f i l t e r compared ta t h e f e w radioact ive
p a r t i c l e s present.
by D o C, Stevens in H a r w e i l , &.gland.
m e method used will.
The major problen! with. th is method i s the sizei3b.le burden of ( 5 1
@ Simil.ar work with sass f i b e r fj:.l.ter paper was published
(5
-
UMCLASSIFIED - 10 -
Biological In%erest i n Par t i .de Size
The h t e s t , summry of t h e r e s p i r a b l l i t y and degclsition of pa r t i c l e s based
upon p a r t i c l e dfameter i s shclwn i n Sl ide l5> as presented by ,the National
Academy of Sciences i n a specie.1 report on "Effects of Inhaled Radioactive
!J!he current understanding o f pa r t i c l e re ten t ion is q u t e good down t o
partAc1.e diameters of about one ten th micron. EeLov t h i s diameter, t he
problem. vabj not, studied as ext.enf;ivel.y since the nethods of p a r t i c l e s i z e
analyses becam more exacting and d i f f i c u l t . The stndy of ac tua l 8.erosol.s
at Hanford i s designed t o eventually determine t h e cc is t fng s i z e d is t r ibu t ions
i n rout ine operation. These r e s u l t s can be ut i l ized. l a interpretat ion. of animal
experiments v l t h plutonium aerosols. The Hanford Biology Laboratories a r e
condu2ting s ign i f i can t experimentz of t h i s nsture,, mny o f which a re reported
i.n t he literati;.re (. They have cancluded t h a t par-tdcle s i z e and chemical ( 8 )
form cause marked differences i n the f a t e of t h e i.nl-.aI.ed p.l.utonim i n the
bodyo They alsc have shown %hat the r a t e of urir;ary. excret.ion of plutoei-m
i n dogs is quite dependent. upon the cha rac t e r i s t i c s of the inhaled plutonium
aeroaol
of pl.utofiium i n
Since t h e curreot ly accepted prac t ice of i .etemining body tu.rdens
i s based UPOR ur inary and f eca l excretion. ra-kes? fur ther
s tudies of t h i s type a rg needed..
Summary
The a i r sampling and par t ic le s ine evaluation methods and equipment were
described" The r e s u l t s prssen%ed indica te t h a t PuO2 p a r t i c l e s i ze in breathing
a i r is Y d i rec t function of the so1xc"e of t h e pa r t i c l e s . It i s shown t h a t in
a l l cases the great majority of t he t o t a l P u O 2 present 2 s found i n t h e larger
UNCLASSIFIED
http://Parti.de
-
UNCLASSIFIED
8
,
- 11 -
diameter p a r t i c l e s . A11 of the Pu02 par t i c l e s examined were in the s i ze range
t h a t are respirable and deposit i n s ign i f icant quant i t ies i r i the l.migs /1
-
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(l- 1 Wximurn Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Ccnxzntrations of Radioruclides i n Air and i n Water for Occupational Exposure, Na+,ionai Committee on Radia-tiom Protection, National Bureau of Standards Handbock Noo 69 . eTvlrL~ 5, 1959.
( e ) ~%etz, A , , ar,d To Kallai , " I n s t m e n t a t f c n f o r Determinifig Size and Mass Distr ibut ion of Submicron Aerosols, Journsl , Vo7.. 12, No. 10" Octoberp 1962,
American. I'ollution Control Association
(3) Sel.by, J . M, DistrTbution of Pa r t i c l e Size Found irL BreathirLg Air a t Hanford Plutonium Fabrication Fac i l i t i e s , m-s~-2623 . June 12, 1962. (UNCLASSIFIED],
( I ? ) Leary, J, A , , "Papticle Size Determination on h d i o a c t i v e Aerosols by a d i o - autograph," Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 23, pp 850. 1954-
( 5 ) Drinker, P o , and T o F. Hatch, Indus t r ia l Dust, 2nd Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc New York. 1954.
( 6 ) Quan, J, T., "A Technique f o r t h e Radioautography Gf Alpha-Active Aerosol Particles on Miilipore F i l t e r s I' American Industri a i Hygiene Journal pp 61-65 Febmayy 1959.
(7 Stevens, D , C , : Location and Examination of Alpha Active Airborne Dust P m - t i e l e s Collected on Glass Fiber F i l t e r Paper, (UNCLASSIFIED).
AERE1-M-989 Janmry, 1962
( 8 ) "Effects of Irihaied Radioactive Par t ic les , I' Nal.icroai Acsdemy of Sciences - National Research Councii Publication 849
(9) Hmford Biology Research Annual Report f o r 1962: HW-?60OO1 Sx+af'f of Eiol~gy Laborat-ory, January 15 1963
{ i 0 ) Iangham, W, "Deteraninstion of In te rna l ly Deposited Radioactive IsotrJpes frcm Excretion Analyses, ' I American Indus t r ia l Hygiene A s s x i a t i o n QuarterQ, VoL l',' pp 305. 1956.
UNCLASSIFIED
-
UNCLASSIFIED
n
Isotope
m-239 ~ a - 2 2 6 sr-90
HW- SA- 3197
SLIDE 1
Character is t ics and L i m i t s For Selected Radionucl id tg l )
Half Life Tphys . %io1 .
A i r MPC uc /cm3
40 hour week *
24,000 yrs. 175 yrs . 2 10-l3 1,622 2 -5 3 x 10-11
28 16 3 x
MPBB , PC
0.04 0 .1 2 .0
UNCLASSIFI XD
-
.. I'
Slide 2
102
101
100
10-1
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 234-5 BUILDING
0 Corridor (Night) A Lab Areas and Corridors (Day)
0.1 1.0 10
Particle Size (Microns)
-
m
=> 0
m
Q, a
.rl l-i V
I 1 I
0
d
8
d
AE
C-C
L R
ICH
LA
ND
. WA
SH
.
-
i
-
P
0
0 '5 z 0 Y 0
/. '
-
SLIDE 6
Pu02 Par t i c l e Distr ibut ion F r o m Air Sample Taken During Release of Cloud of Pu02 Powder
Diameter In Microns * CMD- Count Me an D i m e t e r MMD-Mass Mean Diameter
ag- Standard Deviation
-
rJY a, 3
$r 2 c, d a, u k d
I
I \o
I
I
I 3
I
rl
I I
Id
I
9
0
I 1
-
c
99.9 99 08 99 06
99 98
95 90
80
60
40
20
5
3
Pu02 Par t ic le Distr ibut ion From Air Sample Taken During Pu-239 Fire In Hood
.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 i3 .g i .o 2.0 3.0 4.0 5 6 7 8 g .1 Diameter In Microns * 0 - C o u n t Mean Diameter
-MMD-Mass Mean Dimeter ag-Standard Deviation
-
a, I+
a
8 $; m
I I I I
I - I @ Lt I I r- I 1 I'
I I I
I
I M
0
I
Il
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
:I
II
lI
o
m3
M(
\t
r
i 0
0
0
0
0
\o
In
3
M
iu
ri
-
SLIDE 10
Pu02 Particle Distr ibut ion From Room A i r Sample Plutonium Metal Fabrication Building
* 0 - C o u n t Mean Diameter Diameter In Microns
MMD-Mass Mean Diameter ag-Standard &viat ion
-
I I I I
L
I
e
I 1
1 I
J I I
I 1
I 1 I I
-
SLIDE 12
PuOz Par t ic le Distr ibut ion From A i r Sample Taken In Ventilation Duct Downstream From Two Absolute Filters
99.9 99 *8 99 $6
99
95
80
60
40
113
5
1 .1 .% 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 ~
* Diameter In Microns CrMD-Coul; Mean Diameter
MMD-Mass Mean Diameter ... ag- Standard Devia-t ion
-
k
8
I I I I I I I I :1__1 I
I I I I
I I
T I I
-
UNCLASSIFIED HW-SA-319"j'
SLIDE 14
Equivalent Pa r t i c l e Diameter f o r Si02 and Pu02 Compared With Unit Density
Mate r i a l
Density (gkm3) 1.00 2.60 11.46 - - e - - ----------------I-
Diameter (p) 0.010 0 0073 O @ 0044 0.025 0 018 0 e 011 0.050 0.036 0.022
0.50 0.36 0.22 0 910 0 * 073 0 e 044
1 e o 0 0.73 0.44 4.0 2 " 9 1.8
UNCLASSIFIED
-
Deposition
(per Cent
of M
mle
d Material)
I 1
I I
I I lI
1 1
I I
I I
1
H
0
d-
m P
i?