the
preserved
materials
of
the
important
cus-
preserved
important
todians.
An
especial
effort
has
spirit
specialists
or
to
the
amphibians.
his
study
will
surely
particular emphasis
be
The
ranges
were
compiled
from
dot
maps
shell marl
east on
the alum
log
shelter
for
habitat.
 
surface,
and
there
is
understand the
apparent separation
holbroo\ii).
during
summer,
this
appears
One of
sacs;
appar-
lay
and stroke her
ally open
the
narrow-mouths
be-
comes
clearly
defined
in
females.
In
general,
males,
being
more
active,
are
activity begins
movement,
attention.
In
this
country
we
know
the
eggs
of
about
70
species
minutely.
egg
or,
more
strictly,
exceptions
and
development
periods
are
considerably
restricted.
breeders. One
group
which
usually
has
a
disk
below,
a
spiracle
in
spatulatc
and
rounded
as
normal
the
whole
range
spiracle,
av.
i
i,
muscular
part
of
tail
1.15-
i
66
in
depth
of
tail,
av.
1.43
of
labial
teeth,
and Oklahoma
papillae
below
third
second
lower
row
Utah
and
Arizona.
Hyla
regtlla
gg.
of
teeth
1.4-1.6
greater
than
horny
beak;
mouth
equal
and
the
right
arm
appears
through
the
shore.
The
eye
assumes
eyelids.
The
tadpole
mouth
fringe,
ecological
fea-
tures.
species,
breast,
and
light
bars
on
upper
jaw.
B.
No
dark,
brown,
black,
or
plum-colored
stripe
in
front
of
or
be-
hind
eye.
C.
Head
skin
attached
to
skull;
thumb
rudiment
apparent;
part
of
snout
except
warm
blackish
brown.
bottom of
the creek.
the
the
plant.
Many
sound
of
grinding
gears,
spadefoot
to
light
buff.
Iris
the skull
ground
in
daylight
hours"
(J.
M.
Lmsdale,
Nev.,
1938,
pp.
21,
23).
"On
and northeastern
and
lower
belly
lies
on
steam
the
most
striking
peculiarities
of
the
animal.
In
the
might
possibly
occur
on
the
mainland
in
other
portions
southern
tip
of
Florida,
the
spadefoots
of
from
From
Albert
Kirn,
Somerset,
Tex.
5.
From
between
the
light
lines,
dark
plumbeous,
parotoids
olive.
quality
char-
acteristic
of
mile.
(I
have
heard
S.
bombtfrons
for
more
given
pool.
can
are
present
large
glandular
back. Warts on
ditch
near
the
Sells-Roblcs
road
southwest
of
Tucson"
(C.
F.
the
early
summer
rains,
which
Alamos between
near a
eyelid
is
almost
on
two.
Back
and close to
throat,
be-
right angle
is
olive-
These
markings
are
usually
so
arranged
that
there
to
resemble
B.
ameri-
canus
copei
Yarrow
shrivelled.
Color:
April
22,
1928.
Male.
Stripe
pond
relatives
which
in-
habit
and
upper
part
yellow
pupil
rim,
the
same
colors
flecking
the
whole
eye.
not
spots
are
very
small,
possibly
angle
of
mouth.
Two
black
crossbars
warts
light
warts
appears.)
in
hand.
Structure:
Parotoids
wider
and
eggs
as
B.
californicus
is
pre-
sumptive
zones,
extending
smooth
evident
to
greater
or
less
degree
around
face
spotted,
as
overhanging
stump.
water and
steep;
boss
conspicuous,
ridges
divaiicating
at
rear;
parotoid
glands
large
"sausage"
extending
is followed
realize we had a
Big
Joshua
Creek
end of
developed
as
the
jaw.
lutely
a
mik
or
more.
specimens"
(G.
S.
Myers,
Calif.,
penultimate
phalanges
of
the
other
toes;
44
and
reaches
only
61.5
mm.
This
is
a
The band on
insertion
extending
toad. We asked where
that
be
a
secondary
swelling
check
lists
(Stejnegcr
and
Harbour),
little
August.
Ripe
females
have
to
be
fairly
common
little burrows in
giant
of
toads.
one
155
mm.
length."
limbs are
On this
environment for the
Ir
lay
is a round
the water
egg*
deep,
punctattis
strings
Water here
is con-
in
distress.
There
distinctly.
The
body
will
part
of
the
throat.
When
Vrz-V*
inch
(2-7
mm.)
long
and
%o
inch
(1.3
were
present.
Possibly
they
fields,
in
piney
woods,
in
hammocks,
and
gray
to
black.
The
edge
of
some distance
region pale
moving
when near
tooth
ridges
are
spot
below
the
eye.
They
do
not
show
the
not
large.
Line
76.
J.
C.
Marr,
Gen.,
brown,
each
with
a
light
middorsal
line.
The
warts
are
toad is a
moan,
is
discordant
and
decidedly
unpleasant
to
mm.
in
two
in
February,
Cricket
Frogs
were
winter
days
no
difficulty
attends
the
capture
of
a
plentiful
supply,
Both
species
jaw
less
than
its
length
from
that
point
to
tip
of
snout,
legs
longer
webbing;
usually
of the
times
even
on
back
of
water
forms found in the
in
this
region
were
plenti-
ful
along
most
parts
of
some olcl
of
gryllus
perimentally;
specimens
preserved
in
alcohol
show
less
color
change
back"
(K.
P.
trill
resembling
due
to
the
carrying
capacity
of
phases. phase
during
Feb.
8,
1925,
calling.
Not
a
flat
stone
of
vegetation.
July
22,
Toyahvale,
Tex.
Tonight
at
9:30
drove
to
where
Cherry
Canyon
goes
bar alone.
The two
most
ways
it
falls
into
the
Pseudacris
ornata
group;
date
read,
'Small
pool
conical
hole
K.
critcifer
usually
(W.
Pseudacris
across
southern
Pennsylvania
jar
accurate
descrip-
tion
of
duration.
The
row
of
dark
spots
greenish yellow
throat with
F.
Harper
it
sounded
like
a
spe-
cies
responsible
till
I
were
slightly
larger,
13.5-17.0
mm.
in
length.
One
pair
in
captivity
laid
intergradmg speci-
gutters
along
the
Conduit
Road
near
Cabin
John's
Bridge"
(W.
P.
Hay,
D.C.,
1902,
p.
129).
Southwestern
New
Jersey
resound
irregular
fashion
and
to
get
a
mass
a
little
to catch them
less
speckled
or
to
have
an
alterna-
tion
of
light
assign
some
of
the
swamp
cricket
frogs
of
our
northwest
border
states
from
eye;
latter
very
small,
more
time
has
15.0
and
15.5
mm.
Young
the more
caught my
it. It
in
the
grass"
(O.P,Hay,Ind.,i8
9
2,p.47i).
upper
part
of
fore
and
hind
legs
and
tip
as
stripe
along
head,
with
dottings
of
mars
orange
or
burnt
sienna;
over
pupil
the
ceased.
Then,
The
note
of
winter
have
disappeared,
the
commonly
May
20.
The
egg
belly
and
sides,
and
the
tooth
ridges
are
lows
frog
were
gold.
The
belly
is
nearly
transformation
the
length
of
the
fact that
the female
acuminate,
the
muzzle
pro-
jecting
The
canthus
hind
limb
extends
to
between
the
orbit
upper
surface
is
quite
peculiar,
and
of
nigrita,
extent
suggest
the
song
of
fmarum"
(A.
F.
Carr,
Jr.,
Fla.,
1940,
p.
56).
Breeding
and
Journal
notes:
"Flat
woods;
prairie
lands
nights
ago,
differing
from
the
egg
in
California.
All
the
other
batrachians
only person
as
or
more
than
descriptions
of
P.
ornata,
but
the
Worth,
I
caught
three
adults
were termed
appeared
different
from
jP.
strecljfri
(ornata)
and
interpret
them. On
July
15,
we
dark color
upper parts.
When four
high,
shrill,
cricketlike
chirp
frog
din.
On
indistinct darker
do
not
one
the
front
The
light
band
along
the
venter
is
more
or
less
vertebral
line;
below
these,
and
on
each
flank,
are
three
smaller
spots,
likewise
margined
with
bright
yellow,
the
anterior
one
being
the
largest;
these,
with
number,
not
palmated,
a lower
specimen
it
P.
brachyphona
Texas. From our
wide;
the
body,
half or
at
least
to
the
front
of
the
tympanic
membrane,
and
the
end
of
the
tarsus
extends
to
or
well
beyond
the
end
of
simple
time
in
comparison
with
our
struggles
when
tree toad.
bell-
like
not
of
the
water
for
several
days,
mass is
presumably
coming
in
each
case
from
is
(i) only
was
wholly
so.
tadpoles
in
water
seems,
in
collection
(USNM
no.
57706)
we
P.
type locality
Southern
Pines,
N.C.
(where
he
also
took
specimens)
or
Cheraw,
S.C.
bases of
the
frog,
and
this
would
the low
oak shrub
the
region
of
and
back
of
pupil,
this
finely
dotted
Mexico is
by
the
ground.
The
wa-
ter,
Anna
put
her
hand
accidentally
on
a
Hyla
He
got
fine,
delicate
little
species.
Viosca
did
right
the
same,
repeated.
Sometimes
raises
insertion.
Along
spot
yellow.
Top
of
middle.
there
were
tens
rolling
new
to
me.
i foot
gone
or
thought
me
lost.
signal,
place
found
two
specimens,
cinerea in
also said to
differ from cinerea
have
collected
it)
evittata.
Col-
lectors
fiom
West
Virginia
to
"To
sum
up:
ST
per
cent
in
the
upper
is
not
very
extensive,
but
it
would
small
tree,
at an
elevation of
half their
adult size
that
the
population
of
this
frog
inhabiting
does not
nights
till
morning.
Considering
the
size,
the
volume
a
while;
the
the
spathe
of
the
skunk
cabbage.
March
29,
1910.
stem.
log
extending
yellow
ocher
frogs
has
many
Authorities'
corner:
A.
F.
for
to note
that it
since has
reach,
about
six
timing
the
intervals
in
Mtcrohyla's
calls,
Hyla
fe-
moralis
doubt-
less
do
not
of
arm
and
in
the
groin.
under
parts
are
creamy
or
pinkish
green
ground
color
plish brown)
on the
or
thigh
picric yellow
rounded
spots
of
Rana
clamitans
only
too
many
times
separated,
and
actually
them
feeding
on
color
pattern
that
approaches
the
uniform
bold
pattern
of
the
Hyla
regilla
the
much
granulated;
the
has the
over
again
in
sequence.
the removal.
In
the
laboratory
such
periods
are
followed
by
a
last
night
took
I
have
discussed
septen-
trionalis
with
along
or
of
dorsum
very deep pond
Breeding:
"J
une
I
4
to
September
16
(this
period
corresponds
suspiciously
with
all
stages,
from
newly
(300-400)
of
of
last
segment
of
thumb.
Outer
edge
crannies
about
porches
preference
is not
chorus.
Every
day
this
week
them.
The
packets
or
single
emissions
of
path
of
the
pair.
The
eggs
along
rear
tibial
edge.
the
proximal
half
of
the
thigh.
The
sides
have
the
following
notes
Aug.
27,
these
gurgling
preceding
July.
The
tadpoles
transform
at
more
than
a
variety,
to
which
I
give
the
name
of
I believe
County,
east
to
Bastrop
County,
north
to
Travis
County
and
The
groin
is
mainly
cadmium
yellow.
The
eye
is
spotted
with
congo
pink.
The
through
tympanum
light
large
irregularly
cruciform
Wabash
and
tributary
bush in the
H.
v.
phaeo-
crypta
are
reputed
to
be.
Oct.
7,
1929.
(from
Caro-
lyn
Weber),
we
provisionally
placed
in
this
group.
Our
general
above
by
light.
(1948) significant paper
Wabash
country.
Northern
specimens
altitude
is
approximately
7000
feet
above
sea
level.
In
general
the
southern
part
species
in
this
region
seems
to
be
defined
by
the
breeding
(E.
H.
Taylor,
Ariz.,
1938,
p.
439).
Structure:
Skin
smooth
above,
granular
below;
a
bluntly
conical,
fingers,
but
practically
fingers
equal
in
width
to
a
little
inner
tubercle;
inner
toes
webbed
at
base,
depth
very
usually
the
lower
edge
of
musculature.
The sides
of the
the naked
the
next
day.
No
eggs
have
Koster's
(Carlsbad,
N.
Mex.)
and
our
the
fourth
toe
is
relatively
longer,
Fort
Worth,
Tex.,
stayed
with
to
two
boys
who
bothered
latrans,
E.
augustt,
and
experience
in
Madcra
Canyon,
Arizona,
"I
am
still
behind
by
eyes,
and
possesses
a
rather
spotted
back.
Half-grown
frog.
developed,
brachium
little
developed;
two
solar,
two
palmar
tubercles;
patches
between
the
skin across
the
prevalent
one
in
Helotes,
doubters,
we
judge
many
are
asleep
or
coiled.
I
was
searching
frogs.
I
went
converged only
it,
and
I
Garner
caught
them
barking
water
pocket
of
any
permanence.
July
4.
Storekeeper
at
Sheffield,
Tex.,
says
there
spring
Raven Ranch where
came
up,
we
fine
sight
June.
The*
summer
rains
began
Gainesville,
Fla.,
by
O.
tion
halfway
red.
upper
surface
is
roughened
and
eye.
and
on
cloudy
"
yolk
was
fully
young
of
that
frog.
I
have
found
many
nests
since
then,
all
made
damp
shady
give
the
impression
of
marbling.
hybridization
be-
tween
planirostris
but
frankly
ad-
gray
to
clay
behind;
the
distance from the
even
aquaria
and
every
few
minutes
indulged
for
field
specimens
grass,
left
by
pile.
June
17,
1950,
Brownsville,
Tex.
They
are
a
dooryard,
front-porch,
or
garden
friend,
cheerful
as
a
little
fig
tree.
Presently
I
jump
they
night.
We
didn't
find
any
of
the
very
little
ones,
palm
leaves
at
the
surface ?
Surely
this
species
Thompson]
became
very
familiar
hcrpetological
exploration
of
the
Chisos
Mountains,
we
or two
white or
duration,
possibly
frog hopped
hill.
Gable and
Range,
surface
smooth;
dorsolateral
hind
legs
and
the
groin
are
suffused
olive
buff
except
the
snout,
folds con-
of unusual
capture.
while
feeding
exactly
like
the
inches.
veloped.
At
Monroe,
La.,
P.
Viosca,
and
spots
is con-
pale
vinaceous-drab
or
light
gray-
ish
vinaceous.
Under
parts,
throat,
breast,
belly,
ward of
continuing
along
the
sides
description
was
written,
explain
these
discrepancies.
The
larger
of
cidedly
oval"
(E.
D.
Cope,
Gen.,
1889,
pp.
41
$-415).
Voice:
"A
loud
trill,
hoarser
syllables
"wurr-r-r-up"
accented
on
the
last.
It
is
repeated
several
times,
either
July
(H.
P.
Wright
and
He
said
he
has
plowed
them
circulosa
filled
in.
Mr.
plowed
up.
They
appear
quite
blackish
color of
he
told
us
he
dug
down
5
feet.
eye
extends
diagonally
down
to
end
of
cream-colored
upper
labial
stripe.
Mask
obscured
early
breeders.
"Little
is
known
dimension of the outer
inches
greater
in
diameter
than
that
deep,
one
female
at
least
congo pink
color,
except
sometimes
under
the
head,
breast
and
hind
legs,
inner much
jumped my
Specimens
fold
olive or
light yellowish
snout is
of
back.
Skin
finely
tubercular
above.
length
of
body;
never
May.
The
egg
mass,
in
shallow
water
compact
cluster
of
grapes,
the
individual
eggs
River"
south
of
Tehachapi
costal folds
heavily spotted
shady
at
this
point.
some
newts,
Triturus
torosus,
and
found
quantities
When we
Creek. Here on
Went to
Angeles
was
meeting
here.
Some
eight
to
from
eggs
ot
a
laying
with the
nostrils far
cinnamon-brown to
many
papillae
tipped
insertion
and
upper
and
venter
of
femur
vinaceous-drab
or
deep
brownish
vinaceous,
each
papilla
tipped
with
deep
olive-buff
or,
better,
reed
yellow
or
deep
colonial
boyhi;
They
are
very
slow.
One
can
pads
R. b. sierrae.
gopher frog.
seated on
which had been
have
yellow
on
folds,
fold French
Rest of
small
cypress
(10
feet
high)
and
among
some
brush,
a
mass
attached
(Peromyscus
gossypinus)
hook
sprawled-out
specimen
responded
beautifully
with
his
croaks.
August
17,
1922,
Trail
Ridge
near
Milliard,
Fla.
(an
oak
ridge
locality).
a
us
searching
brownish
olive.
Eye
as
and
R.
pretwsa
to
run
R.
a.
p.
pretiosa.
What
is
its
relation
may
be
almost
black.
Color:
Female.
Chopowampsie
Swamp,
Va.,
April
22,
1929.
Head,
before,
below,
egg
mass
surface,
breaking
up
the
new
swimming
pool
65
to
64.
One
egg
mass
was
in
the
April
8,
above
Medford,
Ore.
Stopped
on
Rogue
one Rana
to do.
of
the
Sound,
is
their
sitting
within
the
hollow
sea-
foam
yellow
interspaces
between
 
twang
and
white
eggs
are
have
a
long
other
males,
doubtless
third
or
fifth,
was
near
by,
very
prominent
from
upper
hp
at
4:30
went
to
Virgin
River
valleys.
Al-
though
heavily
mottled
as
in
R.
clamjtans,
of
body
and
legs
cream
replaced
yellow
extends
either side
species
f fhainly
(W.
Bartram,
Gen.,
1791,
appearing
to
come
from
every
part
im-
portance.
Size
but
insertion.
Throat
with
orange predominates
hecfocheri;
intertympanic
catesbeiana,
May
i,
ig^;
we
probably
gators,
and
seemed
also
feed
on
plant
life.
Occasionally
dead
tadpoles
were
noted
but
can catch
immense
Virgin
River
velopment
in
these
characters,
having
still
low,
are
peacock
green
under
the
eye,
extending
species"
(H.
C.
Yarrow,
Ariz.,
along
the
Virgin
River.
The
head
is
as
broad
as
long
and
depressed;
and a
captured
at
Overton.
Authorities
9
specimen
was
eye
to
over
eye
same
or
tawny
"greenish"
inches
(87-100
mm.)
in
diameter,
and
number
2000-3000.
The
egg
is
Mu
inch
(1.6
mm.)
in
diameter,
envelopes
l
/g
inch
(2.8
mm.)
and
to three
or four
on
the
distal
cephalic
portion
of
femur,
the
arms,
each
Clark,
one
due
to
age.
If
folds
are
old
water-
and
one
half
joints
of
the
longest
toe,
conditions"
(same,
p.
108).
one
Lake
seeing
meadow
frogs
without
spots.
Aug.
24.
Started
for
inheritance.
Seven
controls,
pipiens
9
X
pipiens
typical
Rana
pipiens
by
one
dominant
gene
the
jelly
membranes
are
identical.
Wright
and
the two
is due
to a
heterozygous
for
the
synonymy
with
Rana
pipiens
has
been
attempted
with
is carried well down
under
parts.
The
light
stripes
along
the
four small
some the
Lake
at
Spicer,
Minn.,
we
saw
along
of
Rana
^andi-
yohi
kept
alive
way
at
Lake
home.
At
first
they
were
paid
3
put
one
bag
of
stiffly
frozen
frogs
traps.
One
night
he
and
two
other
men
border
be a definite
Structure: Head
the
calls.
We
had
less
success
in
photographing
croaking
males
us
a
scholarly
study
of
geographic
variation
in
Rana
pipiens
of
Handbook^
to
provoke
in
abeyance
for
the
present."
But
frog
about
Las
Vegas,
along
the
sides.
On
a
Key
near
Big
Pine
Key
of the
n.
feriarum,
Hyla
andersonii,
or
Rana
virgatipes,
speci-
mens,
and
convincing
evidence
that
to reach
well-
length
of
body,
shorter
than
the
the
side
(much
of
berlamUcn
Texas-Kansas-
Oklahoma
series,
extend
into
Oklahoma
(Pseudacns
Colorado.
One
look
anything
tween
the
dorsolaterals;
usually,
however
there
are
four,
virescens
Arizona. Witness the
spring
now in
Springs
is
close
I
espied
four
fat
the results. The
leg.
montezumae or R.
and some between
of
newly
transformed
adult;
ing
season
extends
chamois
or
pinkish
cinnamon
tops.
There
is
a
(hidden
when
sitting).
occasions
pairs
of
.spotted
frogs
brought
into
the
laboratory
Cottonwood
June
19,
July
i,
and
limbs were
remarked:
"No
mottling
in
groin
R.
of
brachmm,
eye;
eye
small;
tympanum
small,
The vitclh
supposed
were
8
by
5
cabins,
8
miles
west
of
Wells,
but
no
frogs.
At
Deeth
are
near-by
clump.
Bert
thought
a
frog.
We
never
such lakes or
be
heard
one-third
their
eggs.
Rana
clamitans
Bays
depth
of
approximately
areolata
territory
Arkansas,
Tennessee,
to de-
were
there,
to
purposes, although
the
female,
but
costal
legs
tops
of
femur,
tibia,
and
tibia;
less
con-
spicuous
ones
on
femur
and
three
edge
of
tarsus,
extends
halfway
bunch of
between third
of
the
green
frog
(111., 1933)
have revived
short-legged, stocky
in
cantabrigensis.
Specimens
from
Gaspc
Peninsula
and
from
terion
for
separating
sylvatica
from
cantabrigensis
leg,
cantabngensis.
Voice:
The
call
is
and the lower
no
apparent
reason
for
spawning
the
frogs
protection
side of the
of 6 feet of mud
inclined
and
exposed.
%-iK
with water"
100 observed
right angles
much
higher.
reminds
me
likens it to
by
day
during
cloudy
weather.
"The
clack,
May,
was
whether
or
sulphur
yellow.
Pupil
round.
line at
one
strongly
contrasted
than
in
spots.
The
stripe
large,
each
with
a
short
fifth
toe
inferior
origin
of
Length
gravid.
We
specimen
had
a
light
these
done
even
though
we
agree
there is a small
the
shortness
he
logs
but
narrow-mouths. We
and we
repeated frequently,
in the
night
of
November
6"
(13.
B.
Brandt,
N.C.,
1936,
open
in
the
daytime.
Despite
crayfish
ponds
and
ditches
a
small
frog
whose
note
exactly
only
one
home
pell-mell
and
heard
Microhyla
In a
acute snouts
form a bar or continuous line when
the limb
cream,
Blanca
trees
or
near
canyon
pools
verify
this.
"Hilton
says
in
his
field
notes,
'This
is
like that
a small
larger,
more
representative
series
may
no
outer"
(E.
H.
Taylor,
Gen.,
1943,
p.
357)
near
Manhattan,
all
were
from
communities
mentioned
by
(H.
M.
length
is
one-third
the
total
length
in
M.
olivacea
Holbrook's
figure
of hands
describe
five
species
of
Engystoma
by
de
la
Lacepede.
Edinburgh.
Vol.
II,
pp.
191-320.
1803
Bosc,
L.
A.
Sci. Phila.
Mus.,
21,
477-492.
Sci.
Phila.
(1936),
88,
471-472.
1937
Gloyd,
Mus.
(1887),
10,
241.
Wash.
t
50,
f
(
Pp.
1906
Fowler,
H.
W.
(1894),
14,
art.
6,
41.
iSgsb
Kirsch,
P.
H.
Same,
art.
20,
p.
333.
1896
Atkinson,
f
19,
77.
Rhode
Island
1884-1886
Bumpus,
H.
Mus.,
no.
56,
pt.
I,
p.
81.
igoSa
Strecker,
pp.
56-61.
Strecker,
J.
K.,
Jr.
Same,
p.
88.
I9o8e
Strecker,
J.
K.,
Jr.
Same,
pp.
199-206.
1909
Chicago
Acad.
Set.,
6
1:J
599,
608,
6u,
614
Connecticut,
cactorum,
368
caspan,
382
Grass
frog,
481
544> 547*
caioltneims,
14,
15,
16,
17,
24,
27,
32,
33,
35,
20
passim,
Schmidt,
F.
J.
W.,
620
Schmidt,
K.
P.,
188,
212,
410,