1920s: Rise of Dictators

I. Weimar Republic

A. German government established after WWI

B. Most people disapproved of gov. due to

signing WWI treaty

C. Paul Von Hindenburg became president in

1925

II. Germany’s Economic CrisisA. Government printed more money to pay bills

B. Caused high inflation – rise in prices1. German mark became worthless

– Kept printing new money

C. Economic problems led to political problems

D. Aug. 1924 – Dawes Plan reduced reparations 1. Allowed for U.S. investment

– Helped world economy

– $200 million loan from American investors

YEAR GERMAN MARKS

U.S. DOLLAR

1914 4.2 1

1919 9 1

1922 500 1

Jan. 1923 18,000 1

July 1923 350,000 1

Aug. 1923 5,000,000 1

Nov. 1923 4,200,000,000 1

III. Political Agreements A. Treaty of Locarno (1925)

1. France and Germany set new bordersa. thought it guaranteed peace

B. Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)1. 63 nations signed agreement to renounce war2. Promised to resolve disputes by “pacific means”

• No way to enforce if nation violated agreement

C. Nations continued to have large militaries

IV. Totalitarian StatesA. New form of dictatorship

1. Nationalist and militaristic

B. Governments controlled all parts

of citizens’ lives

1. Used propaganda to control what people thought

C. single political party (group that has a common belief about government) with a single leader

D. No individual freedoms

1. Collective good is more important than individuals

2. promised to serve people better than democracy and defense against communism

The state controlled all parts of people’s lives

The state controlled all parts of people’s lives

To have control over the youth is to have control over the future.

V. Fascism in ItalyA. First fascist government

1. Early 1920s

2. Created by Benito Mussolini

B. State is more important than individuals

C. Strong central government with one dictator

D. Fascists supported Mussolini against communists

1. Used “Black Shirts” to

enforce

E. Outlawed all opposition

V. Fascism in ItalyA. First fascist government

1. In early 1920s

2. Created by Benito Mussolini

B. State is more important than individuals

C. Strong central government with one dictator

D. Supported Mussolini against communists

1. Used “Black Shirts” to enforce

E. Outlawed all opposition

V. Fascism in ItalyA. First fascist government

1. In early 1920s

2. Created by Benito Mussolini

B. State is more important than individuals

C. Strong central government with one dictator

D. Supported Mussolini against communists

1. Used “Black Shirts” to enforce

E. Outlawed all opposition

Il Duce Fascism

Mussolini’s title together we are stronger

“the leader” individually we are weak

Central government – national level has power over lower levels of government

VI. New Era in the Soviet UnionA. Early 1920s – millions died during famine

1. 1924 – Vladimir Lenin died Joseph Stalin took complete control

B. 1928 – First Five Year Plan 1. Set of economic goals2. Emphasized industrialization3. Increased output of heavy

machinery, oil, and steel

C. Collectivized agriculture1. Government took over ownership of

private farms

D. People that resisted weresent to Siberia or executed

VII. Adolf HitlerA. In his youth, developed ideas that guided him

1. Belief in greatness of German nation

2. Increased racism, especially anti-Semitism (Jews)

3. Need for struggle – Social Darwinism / survival of the fittest

B. 1921 – control of National Socialist German Workers’ Party – Nazi1. Used the SA / Storm Troopers / Brownshirts

to enforce

C. Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) in jail – book of his basic ideas

Whose idea is it?

• Hitler

– Der Fuehrer

• Mussolini

– Il Duce

Whose idea is it?

• Nazi salute • Roman soldiers salute Caesar - Mussolini

Whose idea is it?

• Military thugs to enforce

• Mussolini’s Black Shirts

Whose idea is it?

• Youth camps/propaganda • Mussolini Youth

Whose idea is it?

• Aryan race

– descended from Greeks and Romans

• From area between Iran and India

– Indo-Iranian

Whose idea is it?

• Swastika • Sanskrit – lucky or of special importance

• Buddhist symbol of eternity

• Roman Empire

Cult of Personality Song Analysis

Cult of Personality

1. What is a cult?

2. What is personality?

Cult of Personality

1. What is a cult? Excessive loyalty or devotion to a person or idea

2. What is personality? Characteristics or pattern of thinking

Cult of Personality

3. List the people in the song.

4. What do they have in common?

Cult of Personality

5. Define “cult of personality”.

6. Evidence from the text.

Cult of Personality

An individual that uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods to create an idealized, heroic, and (at times) worshipful image; often through unquestioning flattery and praise

Cult of Personality

7. How does a “cult of personality” leader use their power?