1920s
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to the 1920s. Created for my VCE History class.TRANSCRIPT
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1920’S
The Roaring Twenties
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Aims
Understand the relationship between cultural expression and; Political, Social, and Economic developments.
In your assignment you will Describe the work of a artist or cultural
group from the 1920s. Explain how they connect with the social
and political times.
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Films set in the 1920s
Bullets Over Broadway (1994) Chaplin (1992) The Cat's Meow (2001) The Mummy (1999) Cabaret (1972) The Untouchables (1987)
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The 1920s
This was a time of growth, modernity, and optimism. It was known as; The Jazz Age The Golden Age The Good Times Decade
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Trends in the 1920s
Mass production Mass media Massive fame/celebrity New morality New music, movies and dances.
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Homework
Find one person famous in the 1920s. Post the following information to the Red
Space Rocket forum by Friday September 5. Name Date of Birth What they were famous for.
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Define
What is morality? Give five example of media from 2008. What does it mean to be famous?
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After The War
The Great War had just ended.
June 1919 - Treaty of Versailles signed. Severe penalties for
Germany. Army limited to 100,000
men, lost all territories, pay reparations.
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In Australia
The soldiers came home and people hoped life would go back to normal.
Big spending on roads and infrastructure. Governments borrowed
money from Britain to pay for this.
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In America
“Return to normalcy” Isolationist view for
America. Wanted to keep to
themselves “The chief business of the
American people is business.”
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Great Wealth
The 1920s was a time when many people in America did well.
Some were left out. Some farmers Migrants African Americans
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Culture
New music including Jazz.
New fashions including the flapper fashion.
New dances such as the Charleston.
New movies in colour and with sound.
New roles for women especially in the workplace.
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The Economy
New technologies from the war.
Building boom. Industrial growth. Many could buy
homes, cars and appliances.
Personal and government debt. Buy now, pay later.
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Politics
Tariffs introduced in many countries to protect manufacturing and farms.
Suspicion of unions and socialism. Increase in Xenophobia.
Fear of foreigners.
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Questions
What is xenophobia? What is socialism? What does a tariff do to the price of
something imported?
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Cars became affordable and popular
Henry Ford sold 15 million Model T Fords by 1927.
Businesses such as petrol stations, motels and making oil all boomed.
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Prohibition
Prohibition of alcohol The Volstead Act. 1919. 32,000 speakeasies in
New York in the 1920s. Drinking cocktails
popular in upper classes. Prohibition repealed in
December 1933.
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Side Effects of Prohibition
Organised Crime Bootlegging Gangs Al Capone
Famous gangster Known as “Scarface”. Convicted 1931 of tax evasion.
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Al Capone
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Activity
Write 2 of your own newspaper headlines about activities associated with Prohibition.
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Jazz
Americans bought more than 100 million records in 1927.
More than 100 “territory” bands toured the country playing at dances. The Deluxe Melody Boys Jesse Stone's Blue Serenaders Walter Page and his Blue Devils. Andy Kirk's Clouds of Joy
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Activity
Name your own 1920s style band. Your Name + Adjective + Noun
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Reactions to Jazz
In small town America jazz was an annoyance and made morals loose.
Encouraged violence, drunkenness and sexual activity.
Professor Henry Van Dyck of Princeton University. “it is not music at all. It
is merely an irritation of the nerves of hearing”
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A Jazz Dance In Australia
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Activity (in your workbook)
What music is considered dangerous to morals today? Give example of genres
and artists. What are behaviour do
critics claim this music encourages?
How much does this have in common with the reaction to jazz?
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Famous composers and musicians Louis Armstrong Irving Berlin George Gershwin Duke Ellington Jelly Roll Morton Al Jolson
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Louis Armstrong
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Duke Ellington
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George Gershwin
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Irving Berlin
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Dancing – The Charleston
Popular in jazz clubs. Vigorous and sexual Believed to have originated with African
Americans.
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The Charleston
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Fashion and Flappers
Flapper behaviour. The archetypal flapper; A young women Dances in clubs at night. Smoked cigarettes. Rode bicycles and drove
cars. Drank alcohol openly. Cut her hair “boyishly”
and dyed it black.
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The Flapper Look
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Flapper Fashion
The “bob” haircut was popular. Didn’t wear corsets or pantaloons. Dresses were straight and loose. Arms were bare. Waistline dropped to the hips. Rayon stockings were held up with
garter belts. Skirt lines were sometimes almost
up to the knee. A round hat called a cloche. Wore make up, previously worn only
by actresses and prostitutes.
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Activity
Draw a flapper. Label which elements of flapper fashion are
in fashion now.
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The Movies Come Alive
Mass production and improvements in technology meant that more movies were made and more people saw them. This meant that films starts became nationally and internationally famous.
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The Movies Come Alive
Movie actors were very famous, adored and well paid.
Famous actors included Rudolph Valentino Fatty Arbuckle Charlie Chaplin Buster Keaton Mary Pickford Douglas Fairbanks Lon Chaney
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Rudolph Valentino
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Buster Keaton
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Charlie Chaplin
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Mary Pickford
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Fatty Arbuckle
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Films popular in Australia
Fears that family life was being eroded.
Most films silent, the first talky, The Jazz Singer, shown in Australia in 1929.
Influx of American films in the 1920 effectively killed Australian cinema industry.
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Radio very popular in Australia The Wireless was very
popular. First regular broadcasts in
1923. Listeners paid a licence to
listen. 290,000 issued by 1929. Broadcasting licences
managed by the Postmaster-General’s Department.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation created in 1932.
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Sportsmen were Stars in America “Big Five” sporting icons of the Roaring
Twenties Babe Ruth (baseball) Jack Dempsey (boxing) Red Grange (college football) Bill Tilden (tennis) Bobby Jones (golf)
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Babe Ruth
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Jack Dempsey
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Focus: Jack Dempsey
Jack Dempsey Heavyweight boxer Held the title from 1919 – 1926 His record
83 Fights 62 Wins 50 KOs 6 Losses 9 Draws
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Cultural and Political clash
Tradition versus Modern life. The Scopes Monkey trial
Also known as the Monkey Trial Conflict between evolutionists and
creationists but also rural and urban America.
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In Australia
Australia experienced many of the same trends as America.
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Popular Sports in Australia
Football Cricket Boxing Horse racing Running Cycling Wrestling
Attending sport was not expensive.
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Politics: Changes for Women Changes for women
Women in the workforce under pressure to go back to the home once the war was over.
1920: Mrs Mary Rodgers becomes Australia’s first female councillor.
1921: Edith Cowan elected to West Australian House of Representatives. Pushed through legislation to allow women to
work in the legal profession. 1922: Melbourne: The Industrial Court of
Appeal rejects concept of equal pay for women
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Flight in Australia
Record-setting pilots were heroes. Ross and Keith Smith Bert Hinkler Charles Kingsford Smith
QANTAS begins passenger service in 1922.
The Flying Doctor started in 1928.
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Charles Kingsford Smith
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Focus: Charles Kingsford Smith
Born 1897 Earned his wings with the Royal Flying Corp
in 1917. Worked as a stunt flyer or barnstormer in
the USA before returning to Australia. Made the first Trans-Pacific flight from
California to Brisbane in 1928. Flew over the Tasman Sea to New Zealand Non-stop from Melbourne to Perth. Won the England to Australia flying race in
1930.
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Economy: Money in Australia Weekly wages in 1929
Bricklayer $12.50 Shop assistant $9.00, women $5.80 Nurse $4.80
Prices in 1929 Butter 24c for 500 grams Petrol 4.1 cents per litre. Rent for a four bedroom house $2.00
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Activity
Estimate the 2008 value of; The weekly wages for a bricklayer 500 grams of butter 1 litre of petrol Weekly rent for a four bedroom house.
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Cars in Australia
Cars became more popular 75 thousand cars in 1920 230 thousand cars in 1925 540 thousand cars in 1929
Activity Produce a column graph for car ownership in
these years.
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Cars in Australia
Local production Ford started making cars in Geelong in
1925. General Motors started in Australia in
1926. Cars were still expensive.
The smallest car, the Austin 7, cost more than the average wage for a whole year.
Activity How does your social life and
general life change when you have a car? Name five things in full sentences.
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Politics in Australia
1927: Federal Parliament sits for the first time in Canberra, the nation’s capital. Parliament opened by the Duke of York
(later King George VI) There were 15,000 invited guests. Canberra has just 6,000 residents in 1927.
Nationalist PM Stanley Bruce 1923 to 1929.
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The 20s in Germany
Germany fails to make war reparation payments.
The French and the Belgians take the Ruhr region.
The German Government advocated and funds passive resistance. Prints money to cover this. This lead to hyperinflation.
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Hyperinflation
People with mortgages saw their debt wiped out.
Middle class people with savings found them without value.
Old people found their pensions worthless.
This makes the economy and society unstable.
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Social Changes in Germany
Women, Gender and Sex Increase in prostitution. Gender bending common in theatre and
cabaret. Women smoked and wore trousers. Flappers were common
Really decadent society. Indoor bathrooms.
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Hitler’s Early Efforts
Hitler attempts to seize power in Bavaria in 1923. Gets only five years in prison for his
treason.
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Activity
Give an example from the 1920s of each of these trends Mass production Mass media Massive fame/celebrity New morality New music, movies and dances.