19/12/2015 12:35 course information: 91.546 computer graphics i instructor: dr. hugh masterman the...
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Course Information: 91.546 Computer Graphics I
Instructor: Dr. Hugh MastermanThe MITRE Corporationemail: [email protected]
Texts: Interactive Computer Graphics (5th edition)Angel, EdwardAddison Wesley 2006
ISBN 0-321-53586-3
OpenGL Programming Guide (6th edition)Neider, Davis, &WooAddison Wesley 2008ISBN 0-321-48100-3
Website: http://www.cs.uml.edu/~hmasterm/graphics1.html
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Computer Graphics
Computer graphics is the discipline concerned with all aspects of producing pictures or images using a computer.
Interactive computer graphics implies user is in the loop offeedback process:
ChangeImage
Reactto
Change
Graphics System User
InputDevice
Display
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axiom A
rule A = [&FL!A]>>>>>'[&FL!A]>>>>>>>'[&FL!A]rule F = S>>>>>F
rule S = F Lrule L = ['''^^c(4){-f+f+f-|-f+f+f}c(12)]
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Graphics: Conceptual Model
Real Object
Real Object
Human Eye
Human Eye
DisplayDevice
Graphics System
SyntheticModel
SyntheticCamera
Real Light
SyntheticLight Source
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Computer GraphicsConceptual Model
ApplicationModel
ApplicationProgram Graphics
System
OutputDevices
InputDevices
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Nature of Light
350 780 (nm)
RadioIRX-rays Light
Electromagnetic (wave) radiation:
Particle:
Ray propagationQuantum energy E=h
Amplitude: LFrequency: Velocity: c
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Characterization of Light
Direction, Amplitude, Wavelength:
( d, L,)
Is this enough? Real world light rarely consistsof a single wavelength!
L
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Human Perception of Color – 3 Types of Cones
L()
d
d
d
)()SL(=ityRed_Intens
)()SL(=nsityGreen_Inte
)()SL(=sityBlue_Inten
b
a
b
a
b
a
r
g
b
L() (R,G,B)
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RGB Color Space
Green(0,1,0)
Blue(0,0,1)
Red(1,0,0)
Yellow(1,1,0)
Magenta(1,0,1)
Blk
Cyan(0,1,1)
White(1,1,1)
G
B
R
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Output Devices
0 Hard copy
- Printers
=Dot matrix
=Ink jet
=Thermal transfer
=Laser
- Plotters
0 Soft copy
- CRT
- Flat panel
=LCD
=Electroluminescent
=Plasma
- Projector
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Flat Panel Pixel Arrangements
R G B R G B R
G B R G B R
R G B R G B R
R G
G B
R G
G B
R G
G B
R G
G B
Triad Stripe Quad
R G B
R G B
R G B
R G B
R G B
R G B
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Color CRT Phosphor PatternVersus Spot Size
R
R BG R
BG R BG
B R BG R G
BG R BG
R BG R
Spot Size
Dot Pitch
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Raster Display System ArchitectureWith Peripheral Display Processor
System Bus
CPU
DPMemory
FrameBuffer
I/O
VideoController
DisplayDisplay
Processor
SystemMemory
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Monochrome Frame Buffer
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
D/AConverter
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit n CRT
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Color Frame Buffer
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit n
CRT
0 1 0 1
RedD/A
GreenD/A
BlueD/A