(1910) dairymaid cream harvester

8/14/2019 (1910) Dairymaid Cream Harvester

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Milk^Yhole milk is comjiosed of two principal piirlacream and skim milk. Thecomposition of milk varies somewhat but the following can be taken as an averageanalysis Water

FatMilk SugarProteids CaseinAlljumen ... .V.sh

When the whole milk is set away in crocks and ])ans, the force of gravity causes theheavy skim milk to settle and the lighter jjortion or cream is forced to the top.The force of gravity, however, is not strong enough to get all the cream or to getit quickly. This fact was realized in the early '70s and in looking about for a bettermethod, scientists discovered that cream could be separated from milk nuich more(luickly and better if centrifugal force were used instead of gravity. This discovery

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led to the invention of the cream separator which is now considered alnecessary to successful dairying.

What the Cream Separator Has DoneThe annual \alue of dairy products in the United States is nearly $1,000,000,000one billion dollars. Twenty years ago there was practic-xlly no profit, becausenearly every dairyman was skimming by hand and making his own butter. Inmany sections creameries were almost unknown and churns were usually run byhand. A few years later creameries sprang into existence and the dairying industrybegan to be profital)le.The reasons for this great increase is the modern cream separator. This practicalmachine has revt)lulionized dairy methods and made it jiossible for every farmerto get the greatest profit out of milk. tJravity methods are out of date. It hasbeen shown that from iO to 30 ])ounds of butter fat is lost annually from each cowwhen gravity methods are used.An experiment conducted by Professor O. F. Hunziker at the I'urtlue UnixersityAgricultural Experiment Station has proved the value of hand separators over deepsetting, shallow pan, and water dilution methods. (Bulletin 110. Volume XIII.)In the illustration below Professor Ilunzikcr shows very clearly how much butter

Butter Lost in Skim Milk from One Cow in One Year

Hand SeparatorLoss of Butter1.2 lbs.

Deep SettinjjLoss of Butter10.1 lbs.

Shallow PanLoss of Butter26.2 lbs.

Water DilutionLoss of Butter40.5 lbs.

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is lost in skim milk from one cow in one year when a separator is not used. Heshows that the cream separator saves 10 times as much butter fat as the deepsetting method, 26 times as much as the shallow pan method, and 40 times asmuch as the water dilution method. What a loss and how easy to save it! Aseparator prevents such a loss and besides it is a great time and labor saver.This means money.In actual dollars and cents, it means that when gravity methods are used the jiriceof a good cream separator is constantly thrown awajMnskim milk. With butterselling at '25 cents per pound, the farmer who does not use a cream separator islosing money at the rate shown in the talile below.Money Lost Each Year When a Separator is Not Used15 10 15 20Method cow cows cows cows cows

Amount Lost vDeep setting $2.50 .$12.50 $25.00 $37.50 $50.00Sluillow pan 0.50 32.50 05. 00 97.50 130.00Water dilution 10.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00At this rate the amount of money lost annually in skim milk will pay for a greatmany separators. Are you one of the farmers still doing without a separator?If you are, you should decide immediately to save the money you now lo.se.From the figures shown in the -above table, it is easy to see why dairy productsin the United States have reached the billion dollar mark. Although many farmersare using cream separators, yet hundreds of others are still using out-of-dategravity methods which are known to be inferior. You should not be one of them.When every farmer in the United States adopts the cream separator, the valueof dairy products will ])e several billion dollars instead of one billion. It is certainthat you can do what other farmers are doing and you should be convinced of theadvantages of owning a cream separator. Don't let the price of the machinestand between you and its advantages because a good cream separator like theDairymaid will pay for itself in a very short time, depending on the number ofcows you milk. Besides saving money, a cream separator does away with a loadof troublecrocks and jians that have to be filled twice a day can be discarded andold-time drudgery is eliminated.The Dairynuiid is a common sense separator nuide to do jjractical work. Ithas many advantages. Patent milk feeding shaft, non-adjustable top bearing,patent milk regulating float, large spindles, simple and accessible gears, milk anddust proof gearing, right height crank, and a convenient supply can. Thesefeatures have been approv(>d by thousands of farmers and dairymen who arealways ready to recommentl the Dairymaid to others. The fact that these menapprove the features that make the Dairymaid efficient, should influence you toinvestigate this separator and find out how it will increase profits.You should not be without a cream separator, even if you have to sell one cowto get the machine. It is far more profitable to milk four cows and separatethe cream with a Dairymaid Cream Harvester, than it is to milk five cows anddo without it.Page Three

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Dairymaid Cream Harvester No. 1Guaranteed capacity350 pounds of milk per hour

This machine is tlie smallest size made. It is shipped complete with howl wrench,oil-can and a half i^allon of the best separator oil, "S" wrench, screw-drivers,rubber bowl rings, wire disk holder, wire milk tube cleaner, bowl and spout brushesand a tlirection book for operating.

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This machine is shipped complete with bowl wrench, oil-can and a half gallon of thebest separator oil, "S" wrench, screw-drivers, rubber bowl rings, wire disk holder,wire milk tube cleaner, bowl and spout brushes and a direction book for operating.

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This machine is shipped complete witli l>owl wrencli, oilcan and a lialf fjallon oftlie l)est separator oil, "S" wrench, screw-drivers, rubber bowl rings, wire diskholder, wire milk tube cleaner, bowl and spout brushes and a direction book foroperating.

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How to Select a Cream SeparatorThere are many inferior cream se|)arator.s on llie market and it often re()wl is brassnot ordinary brass such as is used for many separators but lirassmade according to a special chemical formula. This brass insures greater durability.The Dairymaid tubular bearings are made from a special bronze mixture. Disksare made from No. 24 gauge crucible steel and are strong enough to stand a veryheavy strain. That the Dairymaid Cream ^ar^esters are durable is shown by thefollowing:

A True Test of a SeparatorFrom March 7, 1909 to the same date in 1910, a Dairymaid Cream Harvesterwas run at the factory ten hours per day e\'ery working day. In all that tune therewas no perceptible wear. This brings out the fact that if the machine will runten hours a day every working day in the year without perceptible wear, it certainlyis durable enough for farm work. In this test the wear of the sjundle and wormwas only .0035 of an inch. On the basis of the machine running ten hours a dayfor 360 days in the year, the time would equal 3600 hours annually. It is estimatedthat the average farmer spends half an lunu- per day separating milk. This wouldmean 3J 2 hours per week for 52 weeks in the year, which equals 182 hours. 3600divided by 182 equals 19 or about 20 years that the Dairymaid Cream Harvesterwill last any farmer if he uses it half an hour per day and cares for it properlykeeps it clean and well oiled.

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HoviT Centrifugal Force acts ina Cream Separator Bowl

Centrifugal force is siniijly gravity intensifiedin a iiorizontal direction by an artificial device.Tlic action of tliis force can readily be under-stood by si)inning a pail jjartially filled withmilk or some other lii|uid. As the j)ail is spunthe Iir|uid climbs np the sides and sinks in thecenter. The force which causes a li(|uid toclimb the sides of the pail is centrifugal force.In a cream separator bowl, centrifugal forceis exerted to a very high degree. When aseparator bowl is revolved at full speed, apressure of several hundred pounds to thesquare inch is exerted. This great pressureis enough to burst an ordinary bowl; hence,it is easy to comiirehcnd why so much care

is taken to make a cream separator bowl strong. An example of the great amountof centrifugal force exerted in the Dairymaid bowl is shown by the following:When the crank is turned 00 times to the minute the bowl makes 88-23 revolu-tions, that is, every time the crank is revolved the bowl turns 147 times. Thisillustrates the great amount of centrifugal forcegenerated in the Dairymaid bowlthe speed of thebowl is increased without luniiig to turn the handlerapidly.

A plan view of the Dain'maid bowl showinghow centrifutral force acts. The heavy sliimmillv Eroes to the outside and the liffhtcream seeks the center.

The Dairymaid is not a Hollow BowlThe Dairymaid Cream Harvester is not a hollowbowl separator because there are three seriousobjections against the hollow bowl. The principalobjection is that there is nothing to prevent inter-mingling of incoming new milk and milk alreadyseparated consequently scijaration cainiot be ascomplete as when an interior contrivance is used.Another objection is that it takes a long time formilk to acciuire the speed of the bowl and capacityis limited because milk is not separated as rapidlyas when disks are used. A third objection is thehigh speed at which hollow bowls are required torun. A hollow bowl will not skim as well as a bowlwhich contains disks and that is the reason why aninterior device is placed in the Dairymaid whichovercomes the limited ca])acity of hollow bowlconstruction by dividing the milk into layers andmaking separation quicker.

5HfM^D MILKWITH i>?/?G^PR CEiBUTTER f

Cross section of an ordinary hollowbowl which will not skim as well asthe Dairymaid bowl. Note how thecurrents of skim milk and cream milkintermingle.Page Nine

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Adding disks in the bowl, increases capacitywitliout decreasintr efficiency

Advantages of DisksAddiiifi' disks in the l)()\vl increases capacitywithout ilecreasing efficiency because the milkis divided into hiyers and separation takes])lace more quickly. For this reason diskbowls separate milk much better than anyhollow l)(nvl ever invented. It would l)e mucjicheajjcr to manufacture a hollow bowl but l)c-cause disks increase the efficiency of the Dairy-maid bowl they are put in.

How Separation Takes Place

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The lower illustration on this page shows a sectional view of the Dairymaidbowl. For the sake of clearness, it is equipped with only eight disks but,of course, more are regidarly used. The whole milk is fed into the top ofthe bowl through the inlet tube "C." Thisinlet tube is the tubular or milk feeding shaft.The milk dro])s through this shaft to the bot-tom of the bowl where it is acted uj)()n bycentiifugal force. This force throws all theimjjurities of the milk into the corners of thedirt arrester chamber marked "D." This dirtarrester chamber retains dirt and impuritiesfound in milk. How much dirt milk containsis realized when it comes time to wash the dirtarrester chamber of the Dairymaid bowl.The milk being under the influence of centri-fugal force rises in the channels "A" of thewings "B" which are three in number. As themilk rises in these wings, sejjaration beginsand about two-thirds of it is completed, becausecentrifugal force in these wings is about 1500to '2000 times greater than the force of gravity.As the wings "B" become filled with milk,they overflow. The cream ])asses to the C'en-ter, while the ]iartially se|)arated milk i>assesover the edge of the wings between the diskswhere separation is completed. A greatfeature of the Dairymaid bowl is that thedisks are not required to do as much separatingas those in other separators; the reason forthis is that about two-thirds of the work isdone by a patented tubldar shaft, which is Cross section of the Dairymaid bowl showingf^vcliwii'/aK' .,t,.ve. the interior device. It takes 25 operations toexciusneij a JJalI.^malu leature. complete this bowl.

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The Dairymaid bowl in section,showing interior device

Bowl FlangeA feature of the Dairymaid l)o\vl is a small flange on the bottomwhich prevents milk running back to the bowl spindle andthence to the gears. If this little flange were not on the bottomof the bowl, milk might collect and run down the spindle. Itis a small feature but illustrates the care which is taken to makethe Dairynuud gears milk-proof.Page Eleven

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Bowl Top

HoviT T^housands of DollarsCould be SavedThe bowl is the vital part of a cream separator, as the

heart is the vital part of a human being. If thebowl is in any way inferior, the wholemachine is a failure. It takes about ,,^ ^,2.3 complete o])erations to finish theDairymaid bowl. In its constructionat least two minor operations couldeasily be df)ne away with and man-ufacturing cost reduced .$'2.00 a bowl.This amount saved on each bowlwiiuld mean a saving of thousands ofdollars annually. The point is madeto show that no o|)eration is slightedin order to make the Dairymaid bowlabsolutely perfect.

Bowl ConstructionThe Dairynuud bowl is equipped witha tubular shaft, the wings of whichextend to a point midway between thecenter and edge of the bowl and a seriesof heavy tinned sheet steel disksplaced one above the other about 1-2.5of an inch a])art. These disks dividethe milk, which passes from the feed-ing shaft to the disks, into thin sheetsor layers and centrifugal force acts on

each layer as a unit. Each layer divides itself into a current ofcream and skim milk, one going toward the outside of the bowland the other toward the inside. These currents cannot re-mix,intermingle, or interfere in any way with each other or any othercurrent because the disks guide the currents to the jjroper out-lets. This assures maximum efficiency because centrifugal forceis given an opportunity for complete action.

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Cream Screw an ImportantFeatureCPtftI SCftLw

The top of the Dairymaid bowl,showing the cream outlet and thescrew for adjusting this outlet

The cream screw is an important feature of theDairymaid bowl. Only a very slight turn is neces-sary to change the sei^aration from light to heavycream. In certain localities where cream is shippedto centralization ])lants, creameries are demandingcream as thick as aO jjer cent. Farmers are alsodemanding 50 per cent cream on account of expressrates. It is not ])rotitable to ])ay express on skim-milk. Heavy cream is less bulky. (50 ])er centcream means 50 pounds of butter fat and 50 ])oundsof skim-milk in 100 pounds of cream.) From thefarmer's standi)oint thick cream is desirable notonly because it is less bulky but because more skim-

milk is retained on the farm for feeding purposes. Becauseof the patented interior device illustrated on Page lU theDairymaid bowl \^ill skim heavy cream under conditionswhich would clog other machines.Simple Effective Bowl Spindle Bearing

A cream separator is a sensitive machine because of the highs])eed at which it is recjuired to run. Hollow bowl separatorsare rec(uired to run at a liigher speed than the disk type, becausethe hollow bowl does not divide the milk into layers and greatersjjced is put on in an attemjit to ajjproach the efliciency of diskmtichines. As the Dairymaid is a disk machine, it can be runat a low speed. It is not only one of the lowest speed machineson the market, but it is also less sensitive than other separators

because it has a very sujjerior Ijowl sjjindlebearing which eliminates about 50 to 75 percent of the sensitiveness. The life of thecream separator depends on the bowl spindlebearing because this bearing keeps the bowlcentered while at .speed and jjrevents vi-bration. In order to avoid vibration somemanufacturers resort to the use of as manyas eight springs in the bowl si)indle bearing.The Dairymaid has but one spring which is


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impossible to find nicii in the field who can adjust a bearing to a thousandth oreven a hundredth part of an inch. Since all adjustable bearings get out ofadjustment sometimes, the advantage of ha\ing a non-afIjiista!>le bearing inthe Dairymaid is apparent.The Dairymaid is never in-jured in starting and stop-ping.because the top bearingab.sorbs all vibration. Con-sequently, an uneven powerlike a gasoline engine canbe used. The reason whythe Dairymaid top bearingpermits this machine to berun successfully with an un-even power like a gasohneengine is because ijracticallyall cream separators nowon the nuirket are efjuijipedwith top bearings whichpossess but one function that of absorbing vibrationof the bowl in starting andstopping. Such machinesmust })e operated at a veryuniform si)eed if good workis desired because in turningthe crank une\enly thereis apt to be a jar api)Iied tothe crank and this jerkingmotion will be transmittedthrough the crank to thebowl, jerking it in andout of center. This causesthe bowl to vibrate andpoor skimming is the re-sult. The Dairymaid self-centering bearing holds thebowl true and preventsexcessive vibration whetherpower is applied uniformlyor not.

This illustration of the Dairymaid interior device shows the tubularshaft with part of the disk equipment in phantom. White pointedarrows indicate whole milk; all white arrows indicate cream; andblack pointed arrows indicate partially separated milk. Note thatthe cream which is separated in the shaft passes directly outwithout gointi between the disks; the partially separated milk flowsover the edee of the wing between the disks where separationis completed.

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Dirt Arrester ChamberThe illustratidii sliows the pateuteil inilk-feediug shaft of theDairymaid with part of the dirt arrester clianiber broken awayto show its construction. The arrow indicates where tiie dirtcollects in the tubular shaft. Milk often contains a jj;reat dealof dirt and by having a dirt arrester chamber in the bowl, thedisks really do not become very dirty.

Large Spindles

The dirt arrestercham-ber in the bottom of themillt-feedinij shaftretains the dirt and im-purities found in milk.

spindles were substing cost. This is

The sjjindles of ii cream seijurator are very important becausepower is transmitted through them from the crank to the bowl.Dairymaid spindles are heavier than those used in any othersejjarator. To be sure it costs more to use heavy spindlesbut greater durability is obtained by their useand that is why they are put in the Dairymaid.Hea\y s])indles were originally used in manyseparators when first put on the marketbut after these machines establisheda re|)utation for gootl wear, lighter tf l^^^^^B^ituted to reduce manufactur-not true of the Dairymaid.

Tw^o-piece Bowl SpindleIn most cream separator bowls, there is a greatdeal of vibration but in the Dairymaid there isvery little; one reason for this is in the construc-tion of the bowl spindle. It is made in two piecesto obtain greater duralnlity. By having a twopiece bowl spindle, vibration never goes belowthe s|)indle head. The way in which \ibration iseliminated by the two-])icce spindle can readilybe understood by comparing it to a spinning top.When the bowl is revolving, the upper portionof the spindle is allowed to rock slightly, similarto a top spinning on a hard surface; consequentlythe action is very smooth. Another great advant-age of the two-piece bowl spindle is that it ischeaper from a repair standpoint. With a singlepiece bowl, it is necessary to buy a whole newbowl bottom with a spindle attached when anypart of it becomes worn. With the Dairymaidall that is necessary to replace is the worn part,but the liability for wear is reduced to a mini-mum by the construction of the spindle.

^.y iTwo-piece bowl spindle and completeGearing of the Dairymaid. Note how thelower part of the spindle is held in perfectmesh bybushing which prevents vibration

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The worm wheel orspiral Hear is madefrom phosphor bronze

GearsTlie most im])()rtaiit part of a cream separator, outside ofthe bowl, is the driving meehanism. Tiie driving mechanismof the Dairymaid is very simple. Power from the crankis transmitted by chain to the intermediate gear which inturn o|)erates the bowl through the worm sjjindle and wormgear. The illustration on Page 14 shows the comjjlete gear-ing. An advantage of Dairymaid gear wheels is that theyare made of cylinder iron excei)t the worm wheel which ismade of jihosplior lironze. IMost gear wheels are madeof cast ii-on. The iron used in Dairymaid gears is

the same as that used in anengine cylinder and i.s thebest that ca.n be obtained.Engine cylinder iron is thelicst material there is forthe separator gear because it makes a finer graingear than any other. A fine grain gear is an ad-vantage because it wears less.In making the gears for the Dairymaid CreamHarvester, the designers were not satisfiedsinijilx- to use the best material that could be(il)tained. They went further and decided touse a spiral gear construction to make the ma-chine duralile and at the same time light running.A spiral gear means that the gear tooth is cuton a slant. The advantage of spiral gears isthat four teeth are in mesh at the same timeinstead of one, as is the casein an ordinary spur gear. By!!a\-ing four teeth in mesh atone time, shearing of the gearsis ])revented and the strain oneach tooth is reduced. Thecutting of spiral gears is amuch more difficult andexpensive operation than cut-ting spur gears but they areused in the Dairymaid because they increase the durability

of the machine. It is quite obvious that tiie strain on foiu'spiral cut gears must be considerably less than on one spur gearwhere the same amount of work is l)eing done. A much greaterdegree of accuracy is necessary in the cutting of spiral gearsthan spur gears. Dairymaid spiral gears are a])preciated bythe operator, as they reduce friction to a minimum and theresult is an easy running separator.

Spiral gears prevent shear-ing and reduce the strainon each tooth, which maizesthe macliine durable andlight runnintj.

The intermediate gear

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Dain'maid erears are accessiblefor cleanintr. The illustrationshows how the cover of the g^earcase can be removed.

Gears are AccessibleHow Dairymaid gears are con-structed is explained on Page 15.Besides being the strongest gearsever put in a separator, theyhave two other advantagesthey are dust and milk jirool', andat the same time accessible forcleaning. The illustration at the

top of the Jiage shows the gear case with thecover removed. The removable gear cover isa great advantage in cream seiKirator con-struction because no matter how well enclosedgears are, grit and dirt are liable to collectin the operating mechanism. If the dirt isnot removed it will cut the bearings andcause the separator to run hard. This diffi-culty is done away with in the Dairymaid

construction because the gears are a


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BushingsAll hushings used in the Dairymaid are made from high grade phospor bronze.Phosphor bronze is splendid material for bushings because it is practically wear-I)roof and nearly frictionless. Although the bushings are |)ractically \vear-i)roof,they are not nuide


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Chain DriveThe Dairymaid Cream Harvester is tlriven by achain. This construction accounts in a f;reat meas-ure for the (kirabiiity and iiglit-running features.When a chain is used for driving power, the gearswear less. They run lighter and noiselessly. Thesprocket wheels over which the Dairymaid tlrivechain openites are hardened .steel. The links of thechain are also hardened steel. A file will not makean impression on them. Chain drive sci)arators havebeen used in Europe for some time but they werenot used in the United States until the Dairymaidwas introduced. The Dairymaid chain drive is notin the least way dangerous, as it is protected by achain guard. Power from the crank is transmittedby the chain from the large sprocket to a small.sprocket then through the gears to the bowl.

Chain Protected by a Guardmachines that run at high speed, safety has to

be considered. Accidents will happen. To pro-tect the operator against injury, the Dairymaidchain has l)een incasetl in a chain guard so that it isChain drive and truard . ii -i i i' ii i x*practically nni)ossihle tor the ijcrson who is ojjerating

the separator to get either the hands or clothing caught in the mechanism.Clutch

In case an accident should happen, the handle can be stop[)ed because the machineis equipped with a clutch which allows the gears to rc%'olve while the handle isstopped. The clutch ackls to the durability of the gears because it eliminatesunnecessary wear by allowing the machine to run williout the luindle being turned.

Interchangeable PartsAll ])arts of the Dairymaid Cream Harvester areinterchangeable. They are made .so well andmeasured so correctly that they will not vary athousandth part of an inch. At the factory wherethe Dairymaid Cream Harvester is made, everyworkman is instructed to make the parts accurately.Each man is held res])onsible for the work he does sothat it will be absolutely accurate and all parts thatdo not come up to standard are rejected.

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Oiling System

Sight Feed Oilers

The Dairymaid Cream Harvester is the only separatoron tlie market which has a donble oiling systemsightfeed and splash system. The illustration at the bottomof the page shows both systems. The illustration at theti)]) of the page shows the sight feed oilers. The sightfeed oiler is jilaced on the outside of tlie frame near thet.)p from whieh a tube carries oil to the important neckor bowl sjjindle bearing. The oil from the neck bearingthen flows to the gears. By this arrangement the sightfeed oiler lubricates the neck bearing, bowl spindle, and

' the gear. The gears run in oil. This method is knownas the splash or oil bath system and is the best system everput in a cream separator. It is the same method used

on automatic machinery in large factories. The great advantage of the splashsystem is that all the oil' is saved and used over and over again. It is not use thatdestrovs the utility of oil, but dirt, grit. milk, and other substances. One reasonwhy tiie Dairymaid is an efficient separator is because of the oihng system.In the bottom of the frame there is a drain cock which permits the oil to drainfrom the gears after it has served its purijose. The oil pan m the bottom otthe frame collects the oil as it drops fromthe drain cock. When the machii.e is inuse the sight feed oiler shoukl be adjustedto feed about 10 drops of oil per minute.This can be regulated by turning theadjusting screw to the left to increase theflow or by turning it to the right to diminishthe flow. The illustrations at the top of thepage show the oil cup opened and closed.Before the separator is run, the crank shaftand gear shaft bearings should be oiled care-fully where indicated by oil holes. About one-quarter of a pint of diluted oil should bepoured into the gear box at the bottom of theframe, or enough so that the lower edge ofthe worm gear will just touch the oil. At theend of the run the oil cups should be closed.An advantage of the Dairymaid CreaiiiHarvester is that it has no exposed oilholes to catch dirt. This increases the dura-bility of the machine. The Dairymaid runssmoothly because it is so well oiled. Thisis imi)ortant because a .separator is requiredto run at a high rate of speed and unless itis pro])crly oiled the gears will tiind an('wear out quickly.Page Nineteen

The Dairymaid is the only separator which hasa double oilinc system sight feed and splashsystem. The illustration shows both arrange-ments.

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Supply Can Only Waist HighNo great effort is reciuired to fill the supply c'an of the Dairymaid and no hard liftingis necessary. The toj) of the can comes onli,- to the waist of the operator. Thisfeature is one which will lie ai)preciated Vjy ])eople who have had to lift milk ])ailshigh into the air. Some s('i)arators have low supply cans, hut the cream and milkoutlets are also low and small recejjtacles have to he used. This is a bother becausesmall recejjtacles have to be watched or the milk and cream will overflow and bewasted. This is not the case with the Dairymaid. The milk and cream s|)outsare high enough so that any 10-gallon milk can manufactured may be i)laced beneaththem to recei^e the se])arated jjroduct. These great advantages of the Dairymaidare due to the construction of the frame and the elimination of the milk regulating

cover. Ordinary separators have a3 inch cylinder on the top cover,on which the milk regulating floatworks up and down and over theedge of which the supply can is set.There is no milk regulating coveron the Dairymaid. The inflowingmilk is automatically regulatedabove the faucet instead of belowby means of a patented regulatingfloat which is explained on Page -2'i.The illustration on this page is anexact reproduction of the Dairy-maid Cream Harvester and showsthat the suj)])ly can couhl not beplacedinamoreconvenient ])osition.The advantage of this feature is ap-preciated twice every day by farmerswho are using the Dairymaid.The supply can is easily washed asit contains no nooks or cornerswhere dirt, milk, or bacteria mightcollect. The .su])ply can rests onfour brackets and is held firndy inposition by upright lugs. An ad-vantage of the Dairymaid is thatall tinware can be removed forwashing. The superiority of theDairymaid tinware is explained onpage 2'2. The upper and loweredges of the supply can are reen-forced with extra material so thatthe can will not get bent out ofshape. All seams are soldered sothat no crevices are left, m whichmilk and dirt might collect.

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Crank ShaftConvenientThe Dairymaid crank shaft is justthe rij^ht height from the floor toallow the operator to turn it easilyand naturally. A jjerson does nothave to get in any back-breakingposition to turn the handle and nostooping and reaching into the airis required. In many other separa-tors the convenience of the crankshaft has been sacrificed in order toplace the supply can low. This isnot so in the Dairymaidit hasboth features. The oi)eration ofthe Dairymaid Cream Harvester iseasy and will be appreciated byfarmers who have to use a separatorevery day in the year.Besides being set at the properlieight, the Dairymaid is so tlosigncdthat the crank describes a circle ofbut -21 inches in diameter whenoperated. This means that theperson who operates the machinewill not become tired as quickly asif a longer crank were used.Factory Inspection

No Dairymaid CVeam Harvesterever leaves the factory until it hasbeen inspected and tested by experts. This inspection does not consist simi)lyof looking the machine over" after it has been assembled and turning the handletwo or three times by hand to see that it runs all right, but every part and jueceis examined, measured, and tested as the construction jjrogresses. If a slightflaw appears in any part of the machine, that ])art is thrown aside and a betterone selected. Every bowl is inspected twice by different men and tested underwater by compressed air which exerts a pressure of over 80 i)ounds to the squareinch. This test is made to be sure that no bowl has an air hole or leak in it.After each separator has been assembled it is run for several hours by belting andshafting which turns the machine much faster than it is turned when separating isdone. This test also determines whether the bowl is perfectly balanced or not.When a machine undergoes this test and is found to be out of I)alance no tinkeringis done to adjust it, but the whole machine is rejected and inferior parts .scrapped.Before being packed for shipment all Dairymaid Cream Harvesters are inspectedagain to see that the tinware fits properly and everything is in proper adjustment.

The Dairymaid crank is just the right height from thefloor to allow the operator to turn it easily and naturally

Paie Twenty-One

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The patented float in sectionwhich retrulates inflowintr milkabovethe faucet instead of below

Flow of Milk RegulatedA utomaticallyA faucet regulates the flow of milk autoiiiatically fromabove instead of below, by means of a patented float.If the milk flows too fast it causes the float to rise,which shuts off the sui>ply, and as separation continues,the float falls and rises as fast as the flow of milk istaken care of by the bowl.The use of this float permits the bowl and sujjply canto be brought close together so that the bowl outletsare in the most desirable position. Wiien separatingis being done, the flow of milk should not be startedinto the bowl until full si)eed has been obtained. Thetaucet can then tjc opened and when separation hasonce begun it should proceed contimiously withoutallowing the supply can to become em]}ty or the speedto run down.

Tinw^areThe tin plating on Dairymaid Cream Harvester parts is very superior. INIanypeople think that several coats of tin can be applied to nietal. This is ncitso. Only one coat of tin can be a])])lied. .\11 milk and c'ream covers, supjdy cans,disks, and ]5arts which come in contact with the milk are specially tinned. Onone gross of ordinary dish-pans the amount of tin plate amounts' to about twoounces. On the S'i disks of the Dairymaid bowl there are 20 ounces of tin. Thisshows the difference in the tin plating of Dairymaid disks and ordinary dish-pans.The dish-pans usually pass through several stripping jirocesses of oil wliich leavesonly a very thin coat of tin on the metal. Dairymaid disks are not put throughany stripping process at all to remove the tin. The only way in which tin is re-moved at ail is simply a rapitl motion through the air when swung by the arm ofa man. All tinware is thoroughly inspected and if there happens to be even asmuch as one small black spot on any piece of tinware it is rejected.

Sanitary BaseIn order to make the Dairymaid as clean and.sanitary as possible it is set on four legs. Thisis an advantage because when seijarating isbeing done, milk and oil are apt to be s])illedon the floor. By having the separator set onlegs the machine and floor around it can bekept clean and sanitary. All milk and cream covers, supply-cans, disks, and parts which come

in contact with the milk are spec-ially tinned

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When put upon tlu- wiru liuldur and rinsed ina pan of water, the disks can be cleanedthoroughly in less than a minute's time.

The Dairymaid is SanitaryNobody desires to use a iiiachiiie that is hard to clean.Tliis certainly applies to a cream separator becausecleanliness is absolutely essential in securing a high-grade milk jn-oduct. Milk as it comes from cows doesnot sour of itself. It is only when bacteria get into itthat it tends to sour and if left for any length of time itbecomes a breeding ])lace for deadly germs. If therewere no dust, dirt, l)a(teria, or microbes to get intomilk, cleanliness would not l)e so important, V)ut theyexist and must be kejjt out of the separator. Theextent to which milk will absorb odors from the atmos-phere can easily be shown by leaving a can of freshmilk in the kitchen while a meal is

being prepared. In a very short time^ the predoiiiinating odor of the kitchencan be detected in the milk.

milk is run through a clean sejia-rator immediately after milking, un-desirable results caused by bacteria andmicrobes are avoided because theproduct is not given a chance to sourand deteriorate.Since milk is so easily contaminatedand such a great breeding place forundesirable germs the separator mustbe kept clean. In the Dairymaid all

parts are easy to get at and can easily be kejjt free from dirt. To be sure, theDairymaid bowl contains disks but this is a cream se])arator advantage ratherthan a disadvantage, as claimed by many se])arator comi)anies. They say thatdisks are hard to keej) clean". The reason for ])lacing disks in the Dairymaidis ex])lain


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Other Reasons Why the Dairymaid is DurableA part that is often weak in a oreaiu separator is tlie crank liraeket. On theDairymaid this piece is made so well and so strong that it will sustain a strain ofover loOO pounds. One reason why so much strength is obtained in the Dairymaidis because the machine is constructed according to the laws of nature. If thetrouble is taken to notice growing grass, trees, or shrubs, it will be found that thestems are hollownature made them this way to withstand the elements. Thesame principle is followed in the construction of the Dairymaid by using hollowtubing. Where strength is needed and where the strain comes, the Dairymaidis stronger than about eight out of ten cream separators.The construction of the Dairymaid not only makes a durable machine but it ischeaper from a repair standpoint. For instance, the bowl spindle is made in twopieces instead of one; consetjuently, it is not necessary to buy a whole new piecewhen any part becomes worn. All that is necessary is to replace the worn part.Unlike most separators no rebalancing of the bowl is necessary in the Dairymaid.This all means that the Dairymaid is cheaper for the farmer and that it is far moreduraljle than other separators.

More Reasons for StrengthThe Dairymaid Cream Harvester is durable because the frame is strong, becauseheavy shafts are used, because the frame is protected with bronze bushings,because the gear wheels are made of tool steel, because it has a convenient oilingsystem, Ix-cause it has a bowl sjiindle arrangement which permits the gears tomesh, and because it has a top bearing which reduces vibration.

Why the Dairymaid is Light-runningThe Dairymaid Cream Harvester is light-running because of the chain drive,accurately cut spiral gears, ample oiling facilities, and the convenient crank shaft.Purchasers of Dairymaids never have occasion to complain of a hard-workingmachine.

SizesNo. 1, guaranteed capacity, 350 pounds of milk per hour.No. 2, guaranteed capacity, 450 pounds of milk per hour.No. 3, guaranteed capacity, 650 pounds of milk per hour.No. 4, guaranteed capacity, 850 ijounds of milk per hour.


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Friction PulleyWhen it is desired to run the cream separator bygasoline power, a special friction pulley 41^ inchesin diameter with a ^i-g in. face can be furnished.This pulley should be attached to the small sprocketshaft. It is so constructed that by turning thehand wheel to the right the movable pulley is forcedby the compression spring against the friction cone.Sectional view of Friction Pulley ,^, o , i t fc i.The pressure oi this s|)nng produces sutncient

friction to start the separator. It will also maintain the correct speed of the bowl.

^iijlM|lj|IUIltfmPower for the Separator

Although it is not difficult to operate the Dairymaid Cream Harvester by hand,yet there are many farmers who own gasoline engines or who desire a small oneto run the separator. For this purpose, the Tom Thumb 1-horse power air-cooled gasoline engine is very satisfactory. The larger size No. 4 requiresonly about 1-16 of a horse power. The engine is small, compact, easy to operate,and light in weight. Besides operating the separator, it can be used for otherpurposes to which an engine of its size is adapted, such as driving the fanningmill, washing machine, or pumps.

Specifications of Tom Thumb Engine600 revolutions per minute. Size pulley: 4 inch diameter,iyy inch face. Weight, complete: 193 pounds. Size base:12 inches x 42 inches. Fly-wheel: 153^2 inch diameter; ^}4inch face.

A Tom Thumb Engine belted to a Dairymaid No. 3

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Why it is Better to Ship Cream thanto Haul Whole Milk

It is better to sell one can of cream than ten cans of whole milk because transporta-tion charges are reduced and top prices can be commanded for the cream.Labor, time, and expense are reduced and the bother of hauling heavy loads ofmilk, oftentimes through nuiddy roads, is done away with. In addition to this,the fresh skim milk is retained on the farm. This is a great advantage becausefresh skim milk is valuable for feeding.

The Value of Skim MilkSweet skim milk is excellent food for calves, pigs, and chickens, when mixed withcorn meal, oil meal, ground oats and similar foods which take the place of butterfat, which the separator removes. It is not a good practice to feed pure skim milk

because animals will not thrive on it aswell as when it is mixed with someproduct like corn meal, ground oats,etc. When all the butter fat is re-moved from the milk, an equal amountof luitrition should be supplied to nuikeskim milk valuable food for growingcalves and pigs. The reason it pays tokeep a separator on the farm is becausethe butter fat which it removes from milkcan be sold for as high as 2.5 cents apound. The nutrition of the butter fattaken from the milk by the separator canbe replaced with corn meal, ground oats,etc., at less than i cents a pound. I5yselling butter fat for 25 cents per poundand replacing an ecpuil amount of nutri-tion in skim milk for less than 2 centsper pound, a profit of "iS cents is madeon every ])ound of butter fat that theseparator removes.The objection to hauling skim milk from the creamery for food is that by the time

it reaches the farm the wholesome sugar in the milk has undergone a chemicalchange and become lactic acid, or in other words, it is sour and not nearly as desir-able for food as the sweet milk which comes from the separator.How to Make Dairying PayThe secret of making dairy farming pay is to milk the best cows, to know howand what to feed them, to observe cleanliness, to use a cream separator, and tokeep records of what is done so there will be no guessing. Too many farmersdo not know whether cows are doing their best or not. It is time to adopt busi-ness principles in dairy farming and take nothing for granted.

Pa^e Twenty-Six

Calves thrive on skim-milk

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to the body and the more blood that passes through the udder the more milkthere is produced because the milk is produced from the blood."A good dairy cow possesses a rather pliable elastic skin. A coarse, harsh hand-ling skin is a poor indication. AMicii cows possess these qualities of skin theyare rarely good producers."

What to Feed CowsFeed is the one thing that will make milk. As a general rule, the cow that con-sumes the most food will produce the most milk. This is the reason why Holsteinsare such great milkers. They have a wonderful capacity for assimilating enormousquantities of food without retaining it in the shape of fat. In feeding for milk, itis advisable to keej) an abundance of roughage before the cows all the time inaddition to other rations. What to feed cows is a question that has been widelydiscussed. A good decision to come to isdon't underfeed them.In an article printed in the Chicago Daily Produce of July 26, 1910, ChrisJohnson of Howard Lake, Minnesota, has the following to say about the man whounder-feeds his cows."The unprofitable result from underfeeding may be ex])lained as follows: Wherecows are given less food than they require for maintenance and milk ])roduction,the milk jjroduction nuist suffer or the cow. Fortunately our cows protect them-selves and the result is the cows live but gradually go dry. The man who wouldsave money by saving food comes to this sad ending, that he is simply boardinghis cows wiiich receive only enough to maintain themselves and natur;illy givelittle or nothing for profit. If his cows are receiving only enougli food for main-tenance and jjroduction ecpiivalent to jjay for food consumed and labor cx])ended,then he is receiving no j)rofit from his cows. This is why no man can afford tounderfeed a milk cow and he had better sell his animals than attempt to carry onhis business on this plan."The tables below indicate the nutritive ratio of different foods, but to secure thebest results from each cow, her requirements should be studied and her food variedaccordingly How Much to Feed

-Digestible Xutriexts-

1. When giving 11 pound-s iif milk daily2. When giving I6J2 pounds of niill< daily3. WluMi giving ii pounds of milk ilaily . ,4. When giving ^illo pounds of milk daily.Standard maintenance ratio

DryMatterPounds2.'.

,

'27','!! (I.i-2 (I1S(I

ProteinPounds102,02 .53,3

CarboHydratesPoundslU.U11.013.013.08.0

EtherExtractsPounds.3.4.5.8.1

NutritiveRatioG.765.74 5

1:11

Nutritive RatioCorn fodder 1:14.!)Mixed gra.sses and clover 1:7.4Wheat bran 1: 3.7Skim milk (centrifugal) 1 : 2Corn silage 1 :14 .3

Nutritive Ratio of Different FoodsNutritive RatioGluten meal 1 : iCorn or corn meal 1: 9.7

Mangles 1: 5.1Red clover hay 1: 5.8Page Tarenty-Eight

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Around the BarnFliesManureIf the cows are made comfortable, better results can be expected. It is certainthat a cow cannot be comfortable when she is left to fight flies. These pestsworry cows and lower their production. The practical way to get rid of flies is todestroy their breeding jjlace. One place where they breed is in the manure pileand when they go traveling they fail to wipe their feet. Then the thing to do is toget rid of the manure pile. Flies are known to be great distributers of typhoidfever and dysentery and they should not be allowed to breed around the barn. Ifthe manure pile is removed the breeding place will be destroyed and consequentlythe number of flies will be less. Milk is easily contaminated and every precautionshould be taken to protect it. By keeping the barn and yard free of manure andgetting rid of flies it will be found that the cows will not lie irritated and that eachone will earn more money.

What a Cov^r Should EarnThe following table is a four-year record of butter fat production published in 1909by Emil H. Ek, Cokato, Minn. He says"After fouryears weighing the milk andtesting each cow's milk for butter fat, I find that this method is the only and themost practical way of knowing positively the value of any cow."Number

ofCows


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Why You Should Own aDairymaidYou should own a Dairymaid Cream Harvester because it skims close, iseasy to oiicrate, easy to clean, and because its strong construction makes themachine durable and safe. Every machine is made to give satisfaction.The crank is the right height to turn easily. The supply can is also the rightheight and is easy to fill.Another reason is that disks are used in the bowl which divide the milk intolayers and causes separation to take place more quickly.To obtain strength and durability, large siiindles are used. Because thegears are accessible and at the same time milk and dust-proof, 80 per centof the trouble common to most separators is done away with in the Dairymaid.The frame is protected by pliosphor bronze bushingsnot brass or iron_such as used in many machines.Other advantages are that the gear wheels are made of steel and the oilingsystem is the most efficient put in any separator. No repairing of the bowlis necessary and the top bearing eliminates vibration. The Dairymaid isone of the lowest speed machines on the market as well as one of the closestskimmers. It has a dirt arrester chamber which prevents impurities foundin milk from passing over the disks, hence tlie bowl may be cleaned easily.The Dairymaid has large spindles to increase durability and a two-piecebowl spindle to prevent vibrarion. All gears are accessiljle for cleaning andbeing cut on a slant will outwear those placed in other separators. The framewill last a lifetime. All parts are interchangeable. The machine is light-running because of the superior construction of the gears and the adjustmentof the chain. An automatic float regulates the flow of the milk to the bowl.The machine is equipped with the best tinware than can possibly be made.

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How to Take Care of the DairymaidKeep it clean. Set it level so that there will be no vibration. Try a spirit levelon top of the bowl housing to be sure the machine has maintained the originalsetting. Flush out the gears occasionally with kerosene. Follow this with athorough oiling. Handle the bowl carefully. Do not drop it or place it on aheated stove or in an oven. In assembling the disks, be sure to put them on thetubular shaft in numerical order and with due regard to the position of the slots.Do not force a disk onto the shaft. If the notch in the disk aligns with the pinin the wing of the tubular shaft, the disk should drop into position. If the creambecomes too thick to churn easily, or so thick that a portion is forced out with theskim-milk, adjust the cream screw until a satisfactory ciuality of cream is obtained.Take the bowl all apart when not in use. Do not allow it to stand with partsassembled, as it will gather moisture and rust. Set all the tinware, and bowlparts out in the sun daily if possil)le, to keep them well aired, clean, and sweet.Use good separator oil. Avoid heavy gummy oil. Keep the chain projjcrlyadjusted.

Trade-Mark

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Every Dairymaid Cream Harvester is stamped with the IHC trade-mark. Thismeans that each machine stands on its own merit, that it is made of the very bestmaterial, and that high-class workmen have constructed it. The trade-markalso means than each Dairymaid Cream Harvester will do the work for which it isintended. The IHC trade-mark is placed on the Dairymaid Cream Harvesterfor your protection and it is safe to say that, if properly used, the machine willreturn its cost price to you many times over.

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INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OFAMERICA( INCORPORATEDCHICAGO TL.T S A


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(1910) dairymaid cream harvester

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