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KHOA HC V CNG NGH S 4

1. Ths Nguyn Anh, Nghin cu

qu trnh to hn hp ng c

dual fuel biogas-diesel - Trang

1

2. Ths inh Vit Thng, Cao

Chnh Thng Phng php x

l nh xc nh khun mt

ngi qua mu da - Trang 7

3. KS. inh Trung Trng, m

hnh ha v m phng iu

khin tc ng c khng

ng b xoay chiu 3 pha theo

phng php ta theo t

thng rotor - Trang 12

4. Ths Trn Thanh Hi, kho st

nh hng b tr ct thp n

kh nng chu lc ct b tng

ct thp chu nn lch tm xin

- Trang 21

5. Ths L Th Lan Hng v

nhm thit k vi mch, Quy

trnh thit k vi mch dng

cng ngh FPGA - Trang 31

6. Ths H Vn Tun - KS V

Minh Tng, Phn tch, nh

gi cht lng sn phm sy

ngh vng khi sy kt hp 2

ch sy nng v lnh -

Trang 36

7. TS L i Vng, Ths Trn

i Hiu, TS Nguyn nh

Tng Lun, Ths Phan Tun

Anh, Nguyn Vn Ngha,

ng Th Phng Nhi,

Nguyn Th Sm, on Kim

Long, inh Th Nham, L Th

Thy, Nghin cu ch to tiO2

bng phng php ha kt hp

siu m - Trang 43

8. TS L Vn Lun Ths L

nh Hiu, Ths Trn Phng

Nam, KS T Hu Tuyn, Ths

o Hu Ly, Nghin cu,

thit k v ch to h thng

ti phun a nng t ng

dng trong nh mng trng

hoa tp trung - Trang 51

9. Ths L Th Xun, Nghin cu

chit, phn chia ytri v mt s

nguyn t t him bng hn

hp tbp+tmpp - Trang 67

10. Ths Cao Chnh Thng, Nghin

cu thit k my ng gi c

ph - Trang 77

Khoa hc v Cng ngh s 4/2015

Trang 32

QUY TRNH THIT K VI MCH DNG CNG NGH FPGA

ThS. L Th Lan Hng v Nhm Chip Design

1. FPGA l g ?

FPGA l vit tt ca thut ng ting anh Field Programmable Gate

Array, ngha l Mng cng lp trnh c dng trng. FPGA thuc h ASIC

lp trnh c.

2. ngha v vai tr ca FPGA

ASIC lp trnh c xut hin t lu di dng PLD (Programmable Logic Device), nhng vai tr ca cc dng ASIC ny l khng nhiu v s lng cng trn chip rt t dn ti chc nng ca cc PLD ny cng ngho nn v thng ch s dng vi nhng nhim v rt hn ch trong ton h thng. K t nm 1980, cc cng ty sn xut PLD hng u y mnh qu trnh nghin cu v FPGA v nhanh chng cho ra cc th h FPGA vi s lng cng v tc ngy cng cao. Cc FPGA hin nay c s lng cng ln c th thay th c mt h thng bao gm li CPU, b iu khin b nh (Memory Controller), cc ngoi vi nh SPI, Timer, I2C, GPIO, PWM, Video/Audio Controller (ngha l tng ng vi cc SoC hin i). Tuy nhin, FPGA khng th no so snh c vi ASIC v SoC c v kinh t ln tc hot ng. Nhng b li, vi kh nng ti cu hnh mnh, FPGA ng mt vai tr v cng to ln trong vic gim gi thnh v thi gian ch to ASIC bng cch s dng FPGA trong qu trnh thit k lun l trc khi a ra sn xut cc ASIC mu. Quy trnh sn xut chip ASIC bng cch ny gi l fabless rt ph bin hin nay trn th gii, gip cc cng ty nh v va v c bit l cc nc yu v cng ngh nh Vit nam tham gia vo th gii ca IC. hiu r hn vai tr ca FPGA, trc ht chng ta hy tm hiu quy trnh ch to mt chip vi x l. Trc tin, chip vi x l s c thit k mc logic s dng cc ngn ng m t phn cng, kim tra cng on ny ngi ta s dng nhng phn mm m phng. Sau thit k phi c tng hp da trn cc th vin cp thp ca hng m s sn xut ca con chip sau ny, sau l qu trnh kim tra timing (nh thi) cho ton b thit k m bo thit k s hot ng ng tn s yu cu. Tt c cc cng on ny u ch c th kim tra bng cc phn mm m phng, iu ny cng c ngha l nguy c xy ra sai st l rt ln khi chuyn thit k sang mi trng chip thc. Bc tip theo s l gi thit k ti cng ty sn xut chip thi cng ra mt mu chip thc, chip mu gi vi triu USD ny s c chuyn cho bn thit k v bt u qu trnh test chip trong mi trng thc, nu tht bi, kh nng ln l bn thit k s phi thc hin li hon ton quy trnh thit k nh ni trn, v c mi ln

Khoa hc v Cng ngh s 4/2015

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nh vy, nhiu kh nng l s phi vt b nhiu triu USD v khong thi gian nghin cu rt ln, quy trnh ny lm cho cc t nc ngho nh vit nam khng th tham gia vo cc cuc chi ca cc t nc giu c trong th gii ca ASIC.

Th nhng, vi FPGA, chng ta khng nhng c th rt ngn thi gian thc hin ASIC m cn gim chi ph nghin cu ti a do qu trnh kim tra thit k khng nhng c kim tra bng cc phn mm m phng m gi y cn c th chy trn cc chip thc trong mi trng c th ni l gn vi mi trng ASIC thc nht. Kh nng ti cu hnh cho php bn thit k sa i sa li thit k cho n khi t yu cu m khng tn km bt c chi ph no.

Nh vy, trong khi sn xut ASIC vn l mt iu qu xa vi i vi i a s ngi s dng, th cu hi t ra l ti sao khng s dng trc tip FPGA nh l mt sn phm cui cng. Trn thc t th FPGA rt hay c s dng trong cc h thng SDR (Software Defined Radio) v kh nng ti cu hnh gip cc chc nng ca thit b c th thay i nhanh chng. Thc ra mt h thng CPU/MCU/ DSP cng c th lm c chuyn ny d dng? Tuy nhin c nhiu nhng ng dng tc cao m cc MCU thm ch c cc CPU/DSP trung bnh khng th p ng c.

3. Nhng tin ch ca FPGA

3.1. Kh nng thc thi Tn dng ti a kh nng tnh ton song song ca phn cng, FPGA vt tri hn hn DSP v kh nng tnh ton thng qua vic ph v cc m hnh tnh ton tng t v thc thi nhiu tc v hn trong mi chu k ng h.

3.2. Thi gian a ra th trng Cng ngh FPGA mang li s linh hot v kh nng to mu nhanh khi i mt vi vn thi gian a ra ng dng. Ngi thit k c th th nghim mt tng hay khi nim v kim chng n trn phn cng m khng cn tri qua qu trnh ch to ASIC. Khi i vo vn hnh, nh thit k vn c th thc hin cc thay i cp nht trn mt sn phm FPGA trong vi gi thay v vi tun. Cc nh sn xut FPGA cung cp cho ngi s dng cc cng c xy dng h thng rt nhanh (Altera c SoPC Builder, Xilinx c BSB). Thc cht l ngi ta xy dng sn cc th vin module (khi lm chc nng no ) gi l IP (Intellectual Property), IP chnh l s hu tr tu ca nhng ngi lm ra n. V h thng thng c nhng khi ging nhau, hn na i khi ngi dng ch mun pht trin mt chc nng no m khng mun tn thi gian thit k tan b h thng, m chip thit k ra th cn phi c t trong mt h thng c th hot ng c. Tuy nhin nu ngi dng mun bao gm cc IP ny trong thit k th h phi lu v bn quyn ca IP . Thng thng cc IP c cung cp cho chng ta dng th dng m ha (bn khng th nhn thy

Khoa hc v Cng ngh s 4/2015

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kin trc ca n), bn c th tm thi s dng chng cho thit k ca mnh m khng quan tm n ni dung bn trong. Cc FPGA vendor hoc cc cng ty th 3 u c hu nh y tt c cc IP cn thit cho ngi dng pht trin h thng nh CPU Core, Timer, UART, JTAG, Memory, DMA controller, Ethernet, USB, SPI, I2C.

3.3. Chi ph Chi ph ca cc ty chnh dnh cho thit k ASIC vt xa cc gii php phn cng da trn nn tng FPGA. Nhng ngi dng cui cn ty chnh v mt chc nng cho hng chc n hng trm h thng m h ang vn hnh v pht trin. Chnh v vy FPGA l mt gii php ti u khi m khng cn chi ph ch to hoc thi gian di hon chnh v nng cp chc nng ca thit k.

3.4. bn Trong khi cc cng c phn mm cung cp mi trng lp trnh th FPGA ng vai tr thc thi chng trnh mt cch cng ha. Tnh linh ng cao trong qu trnh thit k cho php FPGA gii quyt nhng bi ton phc tp m trc kia ch thc hin nh phn mm my tnh. Ngoi ra, nh mt cng logic cao, FPGA c ng dng cho nhng bi ton i hi khi lng tnh ton ln v dng trong cc h thng lm vic theo thi gian thc.

3.5. Duy tr, bo dng nng cp h thng trong di hn Nh cp trc , chip FPGA hon ton c th nng cp mt cch d dng v nhanh chng m khng i hi nhiu v mt thi gian v chi ph nh i vi ASIC.

4. Nhu cu cp thit o to Cng ngh thit k vi mch ti Vit Nam Hin nay ti Vit Nam, c hn 10 cng ty ang u t vo lnh vc thit k v sn xut vi mch nh Applied Micro, Arrived Technology... c nhu cu nhn lc kh ln. Hn na thit k vi mch mang li gi tr gia tng rt cao. Gp 4 n 6 ln so vi lm phn mm. iu ny kh r vi mt tnh ton t cng ty Global Cybersoft: Hin c mt chuyn vin lm phn mm Vit Nam mang li khong 1.500 - 2.000 USD/thng, nhn vin xut sc th kim c cho Vit Nam 3.000 USD/thng. Th nhng vi chuyn vin thit k vi mch th d dng kim c 3.000 - 6.000 USD/thng, chuyn vin gii c th kim c 10.000 USD/thng. Nh vy theo cch tnh ny, nu ch lm phn mm thun ty v em li doanh thu cho Vit Nam 1 t USD, c nc cn phi c khong 500.000 chuyn vin phn mm, nhng thit k vi mch ch cn 200.000 chuyn vin.

5. Chun b cho k hoch o to Chuyn ngnh Thit k vi mch ti trng CCN Hu.

Hin nay, cha c trng H, C no o to chnh quy chuyn ngnh thit k vi mch, trong khi nhu cu nhn lc ca cc doanh nghip sn xut vi mch rt ln. Nguyn nhn l do cc trng khng nng lc ti chnh u t

Khoa hc v Cng ngh s 4/2015

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trang thit b, phn mm h tr thit k v do thiu i ng ging vin s dng phn mm gii chuyn mn.

Chng trnh o to Chuyn ngnh Cng ngh thit k vi mch ang c xy dng v trin khai ti trng CCN Hu c c s h tr rt ln t pha cng ty Arrive Technologies L cng ty thit k chip ca M c mt sm nht ti Vit Nam v kin thc, ngun gio vin, trang thit b. Chnh v vy, Chng trnh o to ny chnh l cu ni ngn nht mang sinh vin n vi cc doanh nghip Thit K Chip nc ngoi ti Vit Nam. Sinh vin tt nghip Chuyn ngnh Thit k vi mch c nhiu kh nng tm c vic lm ti cc cng ty thit k v pht trin cc linh kin in t v cc h thng nhng trong vin thng, t, t ng ha, an ninh, in t tiu dng, v mt lot cc ngnh cng nghip khc. TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] J. Gray, The Myriad Uses of Block RAM, Oct. 1998, www.fpgacpu.org

[2] FPGA Fundamentals, 2012, http://www.ni.com

[3] Greg Harrison and Earle Foster, Using FPGAs to Improve Embedded Designs, 2013.