2010 PACE National Championship TournamentEdited by Chris Ray, Andy Watkins, Rob Carson, Hannah Kirsch, and Bernadette SpencerRound 19 – Finals I

Tossups

1. The secession of William Yancey's fire-eaters repeatedly derailed one of these events. Jerry Rubin proclaimed the addition of the porcine “Pigasus the Immortal” to one of these events, whose wake prompted the McGovern-Fraser Commission to address their flawed procedures. One of these events was fractured after a speech lauding “human rights” and extolling the listeners to “get out of the shadow of (*) states' rights,” triggering a break led by Strom Thurmond. Adlai Stevenson prevailed at one of these events without ever running, while the Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan at one in 1896. Mass protest riots broke out in Chicago during the 1968 iteration of, for 10 points, what these meetings in which an American political party nominated men like John Kennedy and William Clinton?ANSWER: Democratic National Conventions [accept equivalents establishing that the Democratic Party is nominating someone for president; prompt on partial answer or on things like “Democratic primaries campaigns,” etc.]<Ray>

2. Tests to diagnose this disease include the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide test and the anti-mutated vimentin assay. DMARDs are a class of drugs used primarily to treat this disease, also treated by the TNF inhibitor infliximab. This disease’s namesake factor is an IgM antibody against the constant region of human IgG, which is also present in Sjogren's syndrome and (*) lupus. High cytokine activity contributes to the progression of this disease, which can induce the swan's neck and Z-thumb deformities. Caused by autoimmune destruction of collagen II-containing membranes, it results in disruption of the synovium of small joints and associated swelling. For 10 points, name this inflammatory disorder that causes joint pain.ANSWER: rheumatoid arthritis<Mukherjee> 3. This man included “The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy” in his critique of contemporaries like Bergson, Winds of Doctrine. One book by this thinker rejects Kant's theory of disinterestedness and posits that the title concept arises from personal connection rather than art. He argued that ideals originate from the four forms of experienced reality in a collection examining the titular concept “in religion” and “in common sense.” Another work by this author of (*) The Sense of Beauty claims that philosophy must begin “in media res” and asserts that idealism is irrelevant since the world is understood through the pragmatic belief in our senses embodied by the first titular concept. The author of The Life of Reason, for 10 points, name this Spanish-American philosopher who wrote Skepticism and Animal Faith.ANSWER: George Santayana [or Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás]<Spencer>

4. Instructions for making a Mobius strip precede a collection by this man whose title story centers on a trip to the boardwalk on July Fourth with Magda. Another of his books features a parody of Ernst Haeckel named Max Spielman, who coins such phrases as “proctoscopy repeats hagiography.” That novel by this man sees Billy Bocksfuss complete all the stages of Joseph Campbell’s monomyth on the way to entering (*) WESCAC and becoming the Grand Tutor of New Tammany College. This author of Lost in the Funhouse was inspired by a colonial poem to write a novel in which Henry Burlingame III tutors Ebenezer Cooke, whose title evokes an antiquated term for tobacco. For 10 points, name this Maryland-born author of Giles Goat-Boy and The Sot-Weed Factor.ANSWER: John Simmons Barth<Weiner>

5. This composer frequently employed mesostics in works like Empty Words and based Études Australes and Atlas Eclipticales on star charts. A group of works by this man are labeled by the amount of performers required, his so-called Number Pieces. This student of Henry Cowell created Music of Changes, which broke new ground in the field of (*) aleatory music. This man composed the Sonatas and Interludes for an instrument he invented, while he called for variable-speed turntables and radios tuned to different stations in his Imaginary Landscapes. For 10 points, identify this inventor of the prepared piano, an avant-garde American composer who called for a pianist to sit at the piano and play nothing in his 4’33” (“four minutes, thirty-three seconds”).ANSWER: John Milton Cage, Jr.<Rosenberg>

6. This city's early history was dominated by the worship of the patron deities Hubal and Manat, and an important incident saw some of its citizens flee to Negus of Axum. The Qarmatians notoriously sacked this city, whose rule participated in the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence. As its citizens prepared to execute a negotiator, the Pledge of the Tree was taken outside of its walls, leading it to promptly accept the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. After helping this city win the (*) Battle of Uhud, the general Khalid defected from its ruler Abu Sufyan, who waged the Battle of the Trench against its main rival after one citizen fled this city with the aid of the Sahaba in the Hijra. Served by the Zamzam well, for 10 points, name city in the Hejaz that fought against Medina during the rise of Muhammad, the birthplace of Islam.ANSWER: Mecca<Ray>

7. This work's examination of child-rearing was revisited in The Anatomy of Dependence, which posited “amae” as an explanation for this work's central questions. Clifford Geertz likened this work to a satire by Jonathan Swift, and it has been criticized for the unusual experiences of a case study named Robert. This work describes it subjects as “debtor[s] to the ages” and includes a section on the regularity of gardens. This work posits a complex system of (*) debt-repayment that underlies society and describes the importance of “clearing one’s name” in a section about self-denial for the sake of duty, dubbed giri. Famously contrasting American “guilt culture” with the “shame culture”of its subject, for 10 points, name this 1946 study of Japan by Ruth Benedict. ANSWER: The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture

<Tabachnick>

8. This film's protagonist is haunted over abandoning his terminally ill mother, and an early scene sees an astronaut menaced at a party with line “you're going to die up there.” Lee J. Cobb's character of Will Kinderman inspired an abysmal second sequel to this film, whose antagonist is often called Captain Howdy. Key effects in this film were achieved by building the main set inside a (*) freezer and employing a few cans of pea soup. Its antagonist, Pazuzu, faces off against a younger version of the title character, played by Stellan Skarsgard, in the 2005 prequel Dominion. That title figure warns Damien Karras that their foe will “mix lies with truth” before dying of a heart attack, and is portrayed by Max von Sydow. Father Merrin is dispatched to help Regan MacNeil in, for 10 points, what 1973 film about demonic possession?ANSWER: The Exorcist<Ray>

9. The sign of this parameter differentiates between de Sitter and anti de Sitter space. It is multiplied by c squared and divided by 3 in one term of the Friedmann equation. Quantum field theory predicts it to be on the order of the Planck mass to the fourth and it is measured to be drastically smaller. This quantity minus half the scalar curvature multiplied by the metric tensor is proportional to the stress-energy tensor in the (*) Einstein field equations. This quantity found renewed relevance when observations of type Ia (“one A”) supernovae revealed that the universe's expansion was accelerating. For 10 points, name this parameter introduced by Albert Einstein to ensure that general relativity would still predict a static universe, often symbolized lambda.ANSWER: cosmological constant [accept lambda before mention] <Watkins>

10. Eugenius is present to listen to the dying words of a religious character in this book, in which an Apologetical Oration is delivered to prove that war is bad. One character in this novel regularly whistles Henry Purcell’s Lillibullero and is romantically pursued by Widow Wadman. The maid Susannah’s poor pronunciation leads to the protagonist being (*) mis-christened after his nose is flattened by Dr. Slop’s forceps. That protagonist is circumcised by an errant window pane and encounters Corporal Trim, who helps reenact battles with his Uncle Toby. For 10 points, name this novel featuring Parson Yorick and relating the “Life and Opinions” of the titular gentleman, a work of Laurence Sterne.ANSWER: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman<Jose>

11. Svafrlami once trapped two of these figures near a large rock, allowing him to secure Tyrfing from them. The heavenly dome created from Ymir’s skull is held up by a quartet of them named for the cardinal directions. Two of these figures murdered Gilling and his wife and then paid off their victims’ son Suttung with the mead of Kvasir. They live in (*) Nidavellir, which is ruled by their king Hreidmar. In addition to the aforementioned Fjalar and Galar and Dvalinn and Duri, their ranks include Ivaldi and his sons, as well as Brokk and Sindri, who created Gullinbursti, Draupnir, and Mjolnir in their forge. Closely related to the svartalfar, or dark elves, for 10 points, name this characteristically diminutive race from Norse myth.ANSWER: dwarves [or dvergar; or dwarf; or dvergr; prompt on svartalfar or dark elves before mention]<Carson>

12. Under the Treaty of Stockholm, this ruler gained part of Pomerania in exchange for withdrawing from the Great Northern War. This king affectionately referred to his army as his “Little Blue Boys” and popularized an intellectual court dubbed his “tobacco college.” He allegedly evaded his entourage on numerous occasions in order to sleep in a barracks, and often kidnapped men to form his “Lange Kerls,” a unit of abnormally tall soldiers. This grandson and namesake of the (*) “Great Elector” ordered the execution of Hans von Katte, with whom his son had been plotting a flight to England. That son would later use the forces built up by this man to win the battles of Leuthen and Freiberg during the Seven Years' War. For 10 points, identify this “Soldier King” of Prussia, the father of Frederick the Great.ANSWER: Frederick William I [or Frederick Wilhelm I; accept Frederick William the Soldier King or Frederick Wilhelm der Soldatenkoenig before mention]<Arthur>

13. Basis sets used to approximate these objects are given in Pople notation and include 6-31G, and minimal examples include STO-3G (stoh “three gee”), which combines three Gaussian functions. A self-consistent method to approximate these objects enforces Pauli exclusion via a Slater determinant and is named for (*) Hartree and Fock. The “linear combination” of one form of these entities names one method for describing the molecular type. These mathematical functions describe the square root of the probability that an electron is found in a given region, and they include five quadratic examples, such as x2 - y2. For 10 points, name these entities, exemplified by the spherical “s” as well as “p”and “d.”ANSWER: atomic orbitals [accept molecular orbitals]<Watkins>

14. One of this author's characters is seen living it up with a glass of champagne at a golf club but is later killed when a brewery catches on fire. Another of his characters witnesses the death of twenty-one prisoners in the Rira camp, where John Thompson became warden after the protagonist’s murder of Tom Robson. Derek Walcott's “The Swamp” provides the title of that former novel, whose protagonist enlists the aid of (*) Abdulla after Inspector Godfrey charges him with arson in Ilmorog. Mugo betrays the guerrilla fighter Kihika to the British in the best-known work of this author, who related his decision to stop writing in English in Decolonizing the Mind. For 10 points, name this author of Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat, a Kenyan novelist.ANSWER: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o [or James Ngugi]

<Gupta>

15. This composer collaborated with the poet Calzabigi on works like Paride ed Elena and Don Juan and began his career with the opera Artaserse. He reused music from his ballet Semiramis in an opera set to Nicolas-François Guillard’s first libretto, which itself was an adaptation of a Euripides play. Another of this man's works includes the mournful aria “Che fero” and the ballet The (*) Dance of the Blessed Spirits. He is most famous for that opera, which was parodied by Offenbach and ends with Amore reuniting the two title characters even after one sends the other back to Hades by turning to look at her. For 10 points, name this composer of reform operas like Iphigénie en Tauride and Orfeo ed Eurydice.ANSWER: Christoph Willibald Gluck<Kirsch> 16. This practice requires a patchwork floral headdress called a Sehra in some traditions, while in Mormonism it relies on the creation of the “Sure Sign of the Nail.” This practice is performed with a white rooster representing the dead in the Chinese tradition of Minghun. Failure to complete this practice leaves one at risk for committing Zena in Islam. In Hinduism, this practice involves the (*) circling of a sacred fire seven times. The Shidduch system facilitates it in Judaism, which permits its practitioners to later present a get. Various traditions associated with this practice include handfasting, broom-jumping, and the smashing of a wine glass, while the Unification Church of Sun Myung Moon conducted notorious “mass” versions. Associated with the payment of a dowry, for 10 points, identify this religious ceremony often involving a symbolic ring exchange.ANSWER: Marriage [accept logical equivalents; accept indicators of clear knowledge like Engagements]<Ray>

17. Malus' law gives the transmitted intensity of polarized light as the square of this function of the polarizer's angle relative to the incoming light. In Compton scattering, the wavelength shift is proportional to 1 minus this function of the scattering angle. The intensity observed from a Lambertian surface is proportional to this function of the angle between the observer and the surface normal. This function's hyperbolic version describes the shape of a freely hanging chain supported at both ends and subject to a uniform gravitational force. The dot product of two vectors is given by the product of their magnitudes times this function of the angle between them. For 10 points, identify this trigonometric function whose square plus the square of the sine is always 1.ANSWER: cosine<Vinokurov>

18. Methods by which these states were established include Thoros's agreement to adopt a son and the defeat of Yaghi-Siyan and Kerbogha. An enraged Qalawun completed their conquest after a relief force sent by Henry II found one happily occupied, became bored, and began massacring the populace for sport. The fortress of Kerak was built by Pagan the Butler to defend these states, which were endangered by the ill-advised raids of (*) Raynard de Chatillon. Their rulers included Bohemund of Taranto, a man known as “the Leper,” Baldwin IV, and the the Norman Tancred, who took the title “Prince of Galilee” after becoming the regent of the northernmost one, Edessa. Tripoli, Antioch, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem comprised, for 10 points, what kingdoms established in the Levant after their first namesake holy war?ANSWER: Crusader States [accept logical equivalents; prompt on specific answers of “Antioch,” “Edessa,” “Tripoly,” or “Jerusalem”]<Ray>

19. One character in this novel reminisces about a man who is given a position working on the Belgian docks by the ex-wrestler Paul. That man, Little Loewy, hangs himself when the protagonist demands he remove restrictions preventing the transportation of weapons to Italy. This novel's protagonist is horrified by a man he calls Hare-Lip, who he later learns is the son of Professor Kieffer. The protagonist develops a “quadratic alphabet” to communicate by (*) tapping on the wall with a man revealed to be Mikhail Bogrov, and he is coerced by his interrogator Gletkin to sign a confession stating that he attempted to assassinate the Party dictator, Number 1. For 10 points, name this novel in which former Commissar of the People Nicholas Rubashov is imprisoned in Cell 404, written by Arthur Koestler.ANSWER: Darkness at Noon<Gioia>

20. This man posited intricacy and fitness among the six principles of the title concept in a work of criticism espousing the superiority of the serpentine curve. A violin player berates some peasants in his The Enraged Musician, and he showed one subject “betrayed by his whore” as his counterpart becomes mayor. This author of The Analysis of Beauty depicted the violent autopsy of Tom Nero, who had tortured animals and killed his pregnant lover. Works by this artist of (*) Industry and Idleness and The Four Stages of Cruelty depict the syphilitic end of Moll Hackabout, the titular “Harlot,” and the drunken affairs that follow an arranged union. His most famous subject ruins Sarah Young and winds up at Bedlam asylum. For 10 points, name this English artist of the series Marriage a la Mode and The Rake's Progress.ANSWER: William Hogarth<Ray>

TB1. One of this structure's major properties was derived from the period of the Chandler wobble by Jeffreys. Its upper boundary is blurred, per the observations of Rost and Ravenaugh, by “rigidity zones” and “ultra low velocity zones.” Oldham suggested the existence of this layer between epicentral angles of one hundred and one hundred twenty degrees. This layer of the Earth causes earthquake shadows by refracting P waves and reflecting S waves. Eddy currents here due to the Earth's rotation cause the magnetic field. For 10 points, name this sub-mantle liquid division of the Earth starting twenty-nine hundred kilometers below the surface that surrounds the solid inner core.ANSWER: liquid outer core [prompt on core; do not accept “liquid inner core”]<Guth>

TB2. This figure may have issued a document declaring that a borough requires one man per five and a half feet of wall to be properly garrisoned, the Burghal Hidage. This figure won a battle against an enemy encamped at Uffington Castle in the Battle of Ashdown, in which, among the seven enemy commanders, only King Halfdan survived. Victorian writers interpreted his trip to (*) Rome at the age of five as a preliminary coronation, when in reality Pope Leo IV was just confirming him. This figure, who reorganized the shire system and instituted it for the first time in Mercia, issued a law code called the Doom Book. His victory at Ethandun led to a peace with Guthrum, and he later would take London from the Danes. For 10 points, name this king of Wessex.ANSWER: Alfred the Great<Watkins>

TB3. One house in this novel contains a dining room called “the room of the Gods” because of its in-set Greek sculptures and a door bearing the inscription “Dominus providebit.” In this novel, the residence at 4 Meng Street bears stark contrast to a Baltic seaside resort town where one character falls in love with the medical student Morten. Another character marries the beer merchant Herr Permaneder and raises Erica, the daughter from her marriage with Herr (*) Grünlich. The self-interested Christian is contrasted with the music-loving Gerda, who grieves when typhoid fever claims her son Hanno’s life; all are members of the last generation of the title Lübeck family. For 10 points, name this bildungsroman written by Thomas Mann.ANSWER: Buddenbrooks <Gupta>

1. It disappears at the heliopause and is responsible for the creation of auroras. For 10 points each:[10] Name this stream of particles continuously ejected from the surface of the sun.ANSWER: solar wind[10] The solar wind causes the compression of these regions of plasma on the sunward side of the earth. They are toroidal and held in place by Earth’s magnetic field.ANSWER: van Allen radiation belts[10] Located at the edge of the solar system, this is the point at which the solar wind slows to the speed of sound.ANSWER: termination shock<Rosenberg>

2. This man was assassinated in Operation Anthropoid while governing Bohemia and carried out the Night of the Long Knives as Himmler's right-hand man in the SS. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this Nazi who organized the SD and directed Adolf Eichmann in his capacity as executor of the Final Solution.ANSWER: Reinhard Heydrich[10] Heydrich's death in this Bohemian capital prompted the Lidice massacre. His brutality against Czech resistance earned him the title “butcher of [this city],” though he did not employ its most historically prominent act of violence, defenestration.ANSWER: Prague[10] Heydrich chaired this infamous 1942 meeting in a namesake Berlin suburb, which outlined the German plan for the Final Solution.ANSWER: Wanssee Conference<Ray>

3. Lowlights in the career of this British anthropologist include his repeated assertions that blacks had a distinctive, unpleasant odor. For 10 points each:[10] Name this early anthropologist, who claimed that cultures retain obsolete customs known as "survivals" in his work Primitive Culture.ANSWER: Edward Tylor[10] Edward Tylor is credited with reintroducing the term for this religious idea, which holds that all objects, not simply living things, possess a spirit.ANSWER: animism [accept word forms][10] Tylor's ideas about social evolution were revisited in the documentary films about the Yanomamo people created by this Canadian-American anthropologist and Tim Asch, which pioneered the field of visual anthropology. He was attacked for deliberately spreading measles in Darkness in El Dorado.ANSWER: Napoleon Chagnon<Meade>

4. Answer the following questions about the home of the Kuthodaw Pagoda, the beautiful city of Mandalay, for 10 points each:[10] Mandalay is located in this country, whose capital recently moved to Naypyidaw from Yangon, or Rangoon.ANSWER: Myanmar [or Burma][10] Mandalay is located on the bank of this river that flows through central Myanmar.ANSWER: Irrawaddy River [or Ayeyarwady River][10] Mandalay’s economy has been booming in recent years because of an influx of immigrants from this Chinese province that borders Myanmar as well as Laos and Vietnam.ANSWER: Yunnan<Haddad-Fonda>

5. This poem describes how “each slow dusk” oserves as a “drawing-down of blinds” and laments of the title figures that “only the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle / Can patter out their hasty orisons.” For 10 points each:[10] Identify this 1917 poem that opens by asking, “What passing-bells for those who die as cattle?”ANSWER: “Anthem for Doomed Youth”[10] “Anthem for Doomed Youth” was written by this British poet, who related a soldier’s journey to Hell in “Strange Meeting” and described a gas attack in “Dulce et Decorum Est.”ANSWER: Wilfred Edward Salter Owen[10] While recovering from shellshock at Craiglockhart, Owen met this fellow poet, who wrote the autobiographical novel Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man and the poem “Counter-Attack.”ANSWER: Siegfried Loraine Sassoon<Carson>

6. In its wake, Pedro Lascurain served a 45-minute presidency before being succeeded by Vitoriano Huerta. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this 1913 coup nominally led by Aureliano Blanquet against the Mexican government under Madero, which received substantial support from American ambassador Henry Lane Wilson.ANSWER: the Ten Tragic Days [or La Decena Tragica][10] Huerta's dictatorship after the Ten Tragic Days lasted until this man took office in 1917, restoring representative government. This irked Alvaro Obregon and the military, who expressed their displeasure by issuing the Plan of Agua Prieta and murdering this man.ANSWER: Venustiano Carranza[10] Carranza's coalition began to fall apart when the Convention of Aguascalientes was usurped by irate supporters of this Mexican rebel, who led a famed 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico.ANSWER: Pancho Villa<Ray>

7. This compound bonded to copper is used in a solution to test for the presence of reducing sugars, Benedict's reagent. For 10 points each:[10] Name this polyatomic anion produced by the complete dissociation of H2SO4.ANSWER: sulfate [or SO4

2−][10] To form Lindlar's catalyst, barium sulfate and quinone are added to palladium to accomplish this. This is the term for reducing the activity of a catalyst by adding substances that bind to its active sites.ANSWER: poisoning[10] A ruthenium carbene catalyst developed by Grubbs is used to carry out this process, the switching of double bonds from one alkene to another.ANSWER: olefin metathesis<Kirsch>

8. One member of this school claimed that plurality was impossible, and it rejected knowledge derived from sense-data in favor of that derived from reason. For 10 points each: [10] Name this ancient Greek school of philosophy that included Xenophanes and Melissus and claimed that the Eternal Being was the proper object study and that everything else was null. ANSWER: Eleatic school [or the Eleatics][10] This founder of the Eleatic school described the “way of truth” and the “way of seeing” in his poem On Nature and criticized Plato's Theory of Forms with “third man argument” in his namesake dialogue.ANSWER: Parmenides of Elea[10] This student of Parmenides and fellow Eleatic formulated a number of namesake paradoxes, including one concerning the motion of a runner that was illustrated using Aristotle and a hare. ANSWER: Zeno of Elea<Spencer>

9. This novel’s protagonist comes to envy his father-in-law, a bunraku ethusiast who keeps a hyper-traditional mistress named O-hisa. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this novel about the disintegrating relationship between Kaname, who really enjoys his illustrated copy of Arabian Nights, and the wife he does not love, Misako. ANSWER: Some Prefer Nettles [or Tade kuu mushi][10] This Japanese author of Some Prefer Nettles wrote about the lesbian relationship between Sonoko and Mitsuko in Quicksand and penned the superb aesthetic tract In Praise of Shadows.ANSWER: Tanizaki Juni'chiro [accept names in either order][10] This novel by Tanizaki sees Taeko's illegitimate child killed during birth by a judgmental doctor. Besides Taeko, its title characters include Tsuruko, Sachiko, and Yukiko.ANSWER: The Makioka Sisters<Meade>

10. This man set poems of Jens Peter Jacobsen to music in his oratorio Gurre-lieder. For 10 points each:[10] Name this composer of Pierrot Lunaire who developed twelve-tone composition as the head of the Second Viennese School.ANSWER: Arnold Schoenberg[10] This Schoenberg work for string sextet, based on a poem by Richard Dehmel, depicts a woman meeting her lover in a forest to tell him that she is pregnant with another man's child.ANSWER: Transfigured Night [or Verklärte nacht][10] This other Second Viennese School composer wrote a Passacaglia for orchestra and Six Pieces for Orchestra and also orchestrated the six-part ricercare from Bach’s A Musical Offering. He was shot and killed by an American soldier in 1945.ANSWER: Anton Friedrich Wilhelm von Webern [do not accept “Weber”]<Kirsch>

11. Bloch's theorem addresses how to solve Hamiltonians with potential terms that have this property. For 10 points each:[10] Name this property, possessed by functions like sine and cosine.ANSWER: periodic [accept word forms][10] Bloch's theorem is useful for these solid systems, which exhibit a repeated pattern. Examples include ice and diamonds.ANSWER: crystals[10] The result of Bloch's theorem follows from the fact that the operators that translate by a lattice vector have this relationship with the Hamiltonian. Groups whose operators have this property are called Abelian.ANSWER: commutative [accept word forms]<Watkins>

12. This novel’s narrator is a WASP named “Little Boy” whose father leaves on one of Robert Peary’s North Pole expeditions and whose uncle falls in love with Evelyn Nesbit. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this novel that sees Mother come across the daughter of Sarah and Coalhouse Walker Jr., whose father appeared in the author's previous The March.ANSWER: Ragtime[10] This American author of Welcome to Hard Times and The Book of Daniel wrote Ragtime and The March, as well as The Waterworks.ANSWER: Edgar Lawrence Doctorow[10] The titular protagonist of this Doctorow novel falls in love and fathers a child with Drew during his time working for the gangster Dutch Schultz.ANSWER: Billy Bathgate<Carson>

13. This city’s cathedral features 16 columns in a hyperboloid arrangement, and as a whole it is laid out in the shape of an airplane. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this planned city, its country’s capital, whose other architectural landmarks include the Juscelino Kubitschek memorial and bridge and the twelve-lane Monumental Axis highway.ANSWER: Brasilia [prompt on Capital Federal or BSB][10] This centenarian architect designed most of Brasilia’s major landmarks, like the Pampulha complex and the presidential residence. ANSWER: Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares[10] This mentor of Niemeyer was responsible for the actual urban planning of Brasilia. He has been harshly criticized for prioritizing novelty over functionality, leading to large swathes of the city being depopulated, impoverished, or in one case briefly overrun by hordes of capybaras.ANSWER: Lucio Costa<Rosenberg>

14. This man was supported by aide-de-camp James Oglethorpe at the Battle of Petrovaradin, which forced the Treaty of Passarowitz with Turkey. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this man who more famously forced the Treaty of Carlowitz after defeating Ottoman Sultan Mustafa II at Zenta and assisted the Duke of Marlborough at the battles of Malplaquet and Blenheim.ANSWER: Prince Francois Eugene of Savoy[10] Eugene of Savoy and Marlborough commanded the victorious forces in this conflict, which also included the Battle of Oudenarde and was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht.ANSWER: War of the Spanish Succession[10] This early naval battle in the War of the Spanish Succession saw George Rooke stumble across and then annihilate a large fleet under admirals Chateau-Renault and Velasco as it was unloading treasure from the New World in the namesake inlet in northern Spain.ANSWER: Battle of Vigo Bay [or Battle of Rande]<Ray>

15. Early theology of this denomination was guided by the Thirty-Nine Articles, and it worships using the Book of Common Prayer. For 10 points each:[10] Name this church led by the Archbishop of Canterbury and founded by Henry VIII. ANSWER: Church of England [or Anglican Church; prompt on Anglican Communion; prompt on Mother Church; ][10] This Englishman attempted to move the Anglican Church closer to Rome in Tracts for the Times before writing of his conversion to Catholicism in Apologia Pro Vita Sua.ANSWER: Cardinal Newman [or The Venerable John Henry, Cardinal Newman][10] Along with Edward Pucey, Cardinal Newman was a member of this intellectual English religious movement that strove to rediscover Anglicanism's Catholic roots.ANSWER: Oxford movement [or Tractarianism (accept word forms); prompt on Newmanites; prompt on Puseyites; prompt on Anglo-Catholicism]<Spencer>

16. The speaker of this poem states that he and his fellows are “deaf to the ground beneath them.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this poem whose title figure “forges decrees in a line like horseshoes” and “rolls executions on his tongue like berries,” a caustic attack on the titular politician by Osip Mandelstam.ANSWER: “Stalin Epigram” [or “The Kremlin Highlander”][10] Like Mandelstam, this poet belonged to the Acmeist movement. Her works include “A Poem Without a Hero” and a work inspired by her seventeen-month wait outside a Leningrad prison for news of her son, “Requiem.”ANSWER: Anna Akhmatova [or Anna Andreyevna Gorenko][10] After Akhmatova’s third husband Nikolai Punin died, she rejected several marriage propositions from this married poet, who wrote of the title character's love for Lara in his novel Doctor Zhivago.ANSWER: Boris Leonidovich Pasternak<Carson>

17. This god is honored by a festival marking the New Year that is held at the winter solstice and is often represented by a solar disc with a face. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this sun god who was married to Mama Quilla and who taught his children Mama Ocllo and Manco Capac the skills of agriculture and civilization.ANSWER: Inti [or Apu Punchau][10] Inti was the son of this Incan creator deity, who wiped out most of humanity by calling forth the flood of Unu Pachakuti. Thor Heyerdahl named his raft Kon-Tiki after an older name for this god.ANSWER: Kon-Tiki Viracocha[10] Heyerdahl’s book Kon-Tiki contains a passage about this Polynesian trickster’s appearance in Tongan mythology. Other stories tell of how he fished up the islands of New Zealand and lassoed the sun to make it slow down.ANSWER: Maui-tikitiki<Carson>

18. It advocated the reversal of the “Crime of 73” and was vindicated by the Bland-Allison Act. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this movement, which opposed the gold standard in favor of an uncapped reliance on new coins.ANSWER: free silver movement[10] Along with a progressive income tax and the direct election of senators, free silver was a central plank of this party, which debuted on the national scene in 1892 behind James Weaver's presidential campaign. In 1896, they co-nominated William Jennings Bryan with the Democrats.ANSWER: Populist Party [or People's Party of America][10] Those demands were articulated in this 1892 document, which begins, “We meet in the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political, and material ruin” and outlines the beliefs of the Populist Party.ANSWER: the Omaha Platform<Weiner>

19. Identify the following components of bone, for 10 points each:[10] These cells develop from osteoblasts and are the mature cells of bone.ANSWER: osteocytes[10] These giant phagocytic cells are primarily responsible for resorption of bone, in contrast to osteoblasts and osteocytes.ANSWER: osteoclasts[10] These narrow tubes through bones are surrounded by concentric layers of osteons and contain blood vessels and nerves.ANSWER: Haversian canals<Wynne>

20. Identify these artists who depicted urban French street scenes, for 10 points each:[10] This man bankrolled many impressionist exhibits despite his own tendency to paint in a more realist style, as seen in his iconic Paris: Rainy Day.ANSWER: Gustave Caillebotte[10] This man's Café Terrace at Night actually depicts a different establishment than the one in his Night Café, though both were painted in Arles during his left ear's final months of complete integrity.ANSWER: Vincent van Gogh[10] This Frenchmen subtly depicted Baudelaire's exorbitant alcoholism in Music in the Tuileries. This artist also echoed Goya's Third of May with his depiction of The Execution of Emperor Maximilian.ANSWER: Edouard Manet<Ray>