19 c european liberalism

8/9/2019 19 c European Liberalism

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Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY



Origins ofOrigins of 1919cc LiberalismLiberalism

The word was first used when theter was adopted !y the Spanishpolitical party, the "i!erales , in #$#%.

The roots of li!eralis cae fro two&ery different traditions of 'n(lish )*rench political thou(ht.+ 'n(land

ohn "oc-e da Sith

+ *rance ean acques /ousseau *rancois Gui0ot



John Locke John Locke Contract theory of

(o&ernent.+ /e(arded the state as a

huan construction,esta!lished !y an ori(inalcontract.

"iited, constitutional(o&ernent.

+ Ci&il society of free en,equal under the rule oflaw, !ound to(ether !y

no coon purpose !utsharin( respect foreach other1s ri(hts.

+ 2octrine of naturalri(hts.

+ "in-s pri&ate property with indi&idual li!erty.



Adam SmithAdam Smith

His 3ealth of Nations adds an econoicdiension.

He er(ed "oc-e1s

ideas of ci&il societywith econoic theory.

+ *ree trade econoics.

+ Saw the 4in&isi!le hand5where a !ene&olent Godadinistered a uni&ersein which huanhappiness wasa6ii0ed.



John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill (1806(1806

18!"#18!"# 3rote wor-s on lo(icand etaphysics, history

and literature, econoicsand political theory.

"earned Gree- at 78 "atina !it later.

9y #% he was a copetentlo(ician.

9y #: he was a trained

econoist. utilitarian;

+ The (reatest happiness for the (reatest nu!er.

3rote <n "i!erty in #$=>.



On LibertyOn Liberty (18$9#(18$9#

Go&ernent i(ht !e anta(onistic to the causes ofindi&idual freedo. The sole purpose of (o&ernent is 4self?

protection.5 Go&ernent ay only coerce others in self?defense.

3e should a6ii0e huan de&elopent for a oreequal society;

+ Mill fa&ored a ore open adinistration.

+ <r(ani0ed interest (roups.

+ 3or-ers cooperati&es 3or-ers would own the factories and elect the

ana(ers.+ Ta6 wealth.

+ /edistri!ution syste of wealth; Confiscation of e6cess profits !olish the wa(e syste.

+'ancipation of woen.



%lassical Liberalism in%lassical Liberalism in

&ngland&ngland

@portant le(islation;

+Catholic 'ancipation ct of#$%>.

+ /efor ct of #$7%.

+ *actory ct of #$77.

+ /epeal of the Corn "aws in#$A:.



%lassical Liberalism in%lassical Liberalism in

'rance'rance 2ileas faced !y *rench li!erals;

+ How to Bend1 the *rench /e&olution

+ How to reconcile order and li!erty in a nation tornapart !y ci&il war

These pro!les called for a rethin-in( of"i!eralis.



Jean Jacues )ousseau Jean Jacues )ousseau

His Social Contract andtheory of the 4(eneral will5deonstrates analternati&e ori(in of"i!eralis.

+ Men ust resol&e pro!lesthrou(h our capacity tochoose how we ou(ht to li&e.

Man was !orn free, and he

is e&erywhere in chains. Huans are essentially free, !ut the Bpro(ress1

of ci&ili0ation has su!stituted su!ser&ience toothers for that freedo.



)ousseau)ousseau ** +otalitarianism +otalitarianism

The 4General 3ill5 a stron( and directfor of deocracy.

+ <nly possi!le in a relati&ely sall state

+@s /ousseau prootin( collecti&e tyranny

/ousseau rejected representati&edeocracy.



'rancois ,ui-ot'rancois ,ui-ot

He Bdeconstructed1the *rench/e&olution, and

distin(uished!etween 4Moderate"i!eralis5 ande6treist

aco!inis.



..ModerateModerate// LiberalismLiberalism

#. *a&ored the idea of the so&erei(nty of thepeople, !utD+ Go&ernent should rest on the or(ani0ed consent

of at least the ost iportant sections of thecounity.

+ n e6tension of the franchise to include all en

of property. '6clude the wor-in( classE

%. (ood constitutional onarchy was the !estfor of (o&ernent.

7. Falued li!erty ore than equality.+ Confidence in an1s powers of self?(o&ernentand self?control.

+ *reedo of the press.

+ *ree ri(ht of asse!ly.

A. 3ritten constitutions.



,ui-ot Accets the %harter,ui-ot Accets the %harter

from Louis hiliefrom Louis hilie



%hallenges to Liberalism%hallenges to Liberalism

*ro a!o&e the conser&ati&eupper class.

*ro !elow socialisIMar6is. *ro or(ani0ed reli(ions. *ro ilitaris and iperialis. *ro econoic uphea&als;

+ @rish Potato *aine J#$A=?#$=%K.

+ Great 2epressions J#$7?#$>:K.

19 c european liberalism

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