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1893-1976 Mao Slide 2 Mao Zedong Communist Political Leader Military Strategist Intellectual Teacher Poet Calligrapher Communist Political Leader Military Strategist Intellectual Teacher Poet Calligrapher Slide 3 Mao was born in Hunan Province Slide 4 China Divided among Imperialists Slide 5 Governed by a Nasty Old Lady and her Infant Grandson, Puyi The Dowager Empress Cixi of the Qing Dynasty Puyi reigned from the age of 2 until age 18 Slide 6 From Humble Beginnings Mao is the family name. Zedong was the eldest child of a fairly prosperous peasant family and so received some education. 1919 Photo with siblings MAO ZEDONG Slide 7 An Early Revolutionary Figure 1911-1912 Mao served in a Hunan Province militia against imperial rule Emperor Puyi in 1911 Slide 8 Maos University Life Majored in education Worked at the library at Peking (Beijing) Read Karl Marx and followed Lenins lead Slide 9 Mao Hones His Skills as a Rebel May 4, 1919 Mao participated in the May Fourth Movement, a student-led protest that called for the modernization of China Slide 10 Mao Turns Toward Communism 1921 Mao participates in the founding of the Chinese Communist Party Under orders from the Comintern, Mao joins the Nationalists under Sun Yat-sen Sun in 1920, a hero to the peasants Slide 11 The Alliance is Only Temporary Sun dies leaving Chaing Kai-shek as leader of the Kuomintang Mao establishes a rebel base to wage guerilla war in 1927 Chaing in 1930 Slide 12 The Long March 1934-1935 6000 mile retreat 87,000 Red Army soldiers Kuomintang led by German Hans von Seeckt Communists led by Russian agents under German Otto Braun After the Reds lose their men, Mao takes over Slide 13 Maos Tactics The enemy advances, we retreat. The enemy camps, we harass. The enemy tires, we attack. The enemy retreats, we pursue. Mao is referred to as the father of modern guerilla tactics Slide 14 Red Army v Kuomintang Red Army Officers forbidden to beat men in ranks All soldiers encouraged to speak their minds freely Mao orders 2000 Red Army soldiers shot for staging a rebellion in 1930 Kuomintang (Nationalists) Conventional tactics Strict obedience enforces severely Absolute hierarchy of rank Slide 15 Peasant Support Turns the Tide Maos Six Principles of the Red Army Put back all doors when you leave a house Rice-stalk mattresses must be bundled up again and returned Be polite. Help people when you can. Give back everything you borrow, even if its only a needle. Pay for all things broken, even if only a chopstick. Dont help yourself or search for things when people are not in their houses Slide 16 Women and the Red Army Traditional Peasant Society Women were second class citizens Wives are expected to do what their husbands told them to do Unmarried women were the property of their family Under Communism Women were given far more rights (not equality) Women were recruited into the Red Army Traditional Peasant Society Women were second class citizens Wives are expected to do what their husbands told them to do Unmarried women were the property of their family Under Communism Women were given far more rights (not equality) Women were recruited into the Red Army Slide 17 World War II Impacts Mao in China Slide 18 Japan Eyes Chinas Resources Puyi is placed on the thrown of Manchuria Japan invades the mainland in 1937 Japans Rape of Nanking shocks the world. Japans Emperor Hirohito Emperor Puyi Slide 19 Maos Guerilla War against Japan Forces led by Zhu De and Lin Biao As soon as Japan surrenders, Mao turns on Chaing Chaing flees to Taiwan (Formosa) Forces led by Zhu De and Lin Biao As soon as Japan surrenders, Mao turns on Chaing Chaing flees to Taiwan (Formosa) ZHU BIAO Slide 20 Mao Establishes the Peoples Republic 1949 the Kuomintang are defeated at Nanking Slide 21 The Great Leap Forward Announce in 1958 as an attempt to increase agricultural and industrial production Communes contain as many as 75,000 people Self-governing collective farms and factories Each family receives a share of the profits and a small plot of land Set-backs doom progress Three years of bad harvests and floods USSR decides to withdraw technical experts Slide 22 Didnt Look before He Leaped! Words and pictures (propaganda) didnt measure up Slide 23 Reliance on Industry Shortsighted Steel will lead the way Slide 24 Mao Retires as Chairman-1962 Replaced by Liu Shaoqi Becomes highly critical of Khrushchevs foreign policy By 1966, Mao springs back with a vengeance! Liu Shaoqi, Chinas PRC Chairman 1959-1968 Nikita Khrushchev, USSR Chairman 1953-1964 Slide 25 Cultural Revolution 1966-1976 China, not the USSR will bring about World Revolution Mao and Lin Biao will purify China End wage differentials Strengthen collectives Establish a classless society Purge out all counter-revolutionaries Oust the revisionists with the Red Guard End of Soviet-Chinese Relations Slide 26 Madame Mao (the 5 th ) Gains Control Slide 27 That Old Gang of Mine Slide 28 Revolutionary or Reactionary? Four Cleansing Movement (1963) Politics Economics Ideas Organization Slide 29 Smash the old world/Establish a new world. Classical example of Red art from the early Cultural Revolution. A worker (or possibly Red Guard) crushes the crucifix, Buddha and classical Chinese text with his hammer, 1967. Slide 30 Cult of Personality Red Guard formed in a middle school Goal to punish Maos political enemies Neutralize intellectuals Deeper stage of the socialist system Abolish the Four Olds Instill the 16 Points Slide 31 The 16 Points Freedom of speech Peoples Liberation Army To air ones view fully To write big-character posters To hold great debates The right to strike To end the bourgeoisie Change the mental attitudes of the whole of society To criticize and crush capitalists Repudiate reactionary academics Transform art Change the superstructure Consolidate socialism Discourage religion Purge all counter-revolution Cut class and travel to discuss Maos Thoughts Slide 32 Victims of the Cultural Revolution Liu Shaoqi was sent to a detention camp and died Deng Xiaoping was sent 3 times for re- education The last emperor, Puyi became and gardener and a productive member of the proletariat Slide 33 Some of the Effects of the Revolution Mass murder and forced suicides Millions were humiliated publically Leaders were forced to self-criticize Massive purges of local officials Down to the Countryside Movement Families limited to one child All Chinese are to wear simple peasant clothing Citizens must read Maos Quotations and memorize each one Two What-evers Slide 34 Death of Mao Zedong (1976)