THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR 1. Write down 5 causes of the civil war.

Page 154 in textbook 2. Turn to a partner and compare lists.

Compile a list on 5 causes of the war.

SECTIONALISM

STATES VS. FEDERAL RIGHTS

SLAVERY – SLAVE STATES VS. NONSLAVE STATES

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT

ELECTION OF ABE LINCOLN

THE ELECTION OF 1860 Abraham Lincoln nominated by Republicans Aimed to keep slavery from spreading, but

he would not “interfere with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves.”

Other candidates: Stephen Douglas nominated by Northern

Democrats (popular sovereignty) John C. Breckenridge nominated by

Southern Democrats (Dred Scott decision) Lincoln wins even though he received no

electoral votes and loses the popular vote in the south

FORT SUMTER Northern Fort in

Southern Territory The North didn’t

want to fight for the fort, but didn’t want to surrender it

Sent in non military supplies to the fort

South attacks the fort, and it goes into southern control

THE OUTBREAK OF WAR! After the Election of President Lincoln as the

16th President of America, Seven states left the UnionSouth Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,

Georgia, Louisiana, Texas After Fort Sumter, the gears of war were set

and the Civil war was underway

THE FORMING OF THE CONFEDERACY The seven states met in Montgomery,

Alabama to form the Confederacy. Drafted their own constitution that

“protected and recognized” slavery in the new territories.

Jefferson Davis elected as presidents.

ADVANTAGES FOR THE NORTH AND SOUTH

Both sides gathered up the supplies they had and called for volunteers.The north originally called for 75,000 menThat number would go to upwards of 2.1 million

men The south however only peaked at 1.1 million men

to fight during the civil war

THE UNITED STATES RESOURCE MAP

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Union

Confederacy

ADVANTAGES FOR BOTH SIDES

North South

A Larger population meant that the North was going to be able to produce and have a constant supply of troops

During the secession a majority of military officers choose to side with the south (Robert E. Lee)

Ability to move large amount of supplies from point A to point B through Railroads

A knowledge of the landscape the war was going to take place on

A surplus of money and a strong credit with banks in the north

Ability to produce surpluses of food for their troops

A strong navy that could help squeeze the south from supplies

Cotton?

WINFIELD SCOTT’S ANACONDA PLAN General in Chief of the U.S Winfield Scott

proposed a strategy for defeating the south which involved blockading the Mississippi river and coastal ports of Confederate states.

He was aware that it would prolong the war, but he believed that the war would have less bloodshed if they acted on this plan

SOUTHERN STRATEGY The President of the Confederate States,

Jefferson Davis, imagined a scenario similar to the revolutionary war.

By attacking key positions and retreating, they would be able to minimize casualties and break the north's will and lead to negotiations.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES New Rifles - could shoot straighter and faster

Iron plated navel ships – changed naval warfare

Advancement in warfare – the idea of using trenches and walls

Railroads- the ability to move troops and supplies from point A to point B changed the pace of the war

Medical advancements – new methods for treating wounds http://www.history.com/videos/civil-war-tech#

civil-war-tech

KEY FIGURES OF THE WAR FOR THE NORTH Abraham Lincoln –16th president of the United

States Although the focus of the war shifted to

slavery, his original goal was to preserve the union

ULYSSES S. GRANT

Key military general for the Union Armies Would ultimately win the civil war for the

north. West Point Grad. Most successful Union General

PROMINENT SOUTHERN FIGURES

JEFFERSON DAVIS“ our present

condition..illustrates the American idea that governments rest upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of people to alter or abolish governments whenever they become destructive to the ends for which they were established.”

Davis, 1861

The only president of the Confederate states of AmericaBorn in Christian Co. Kentucky

ROBERT E. LEE The top graduate from WestPoint Was actually pro-union The most prominent and successful

Confederate general

“It is good that war is so horrible, or we might grow to like it.”

THE AFTERMATHLincoln used this as an opportunity to release his newest bill, the Emancipation Proclamation.

Signed 9/22/1862

Was this a pre-cursor to the 13th amendment?

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Went into effect January 1, 1863 Freed all slaves in the rebel states, the

Confederate states did not cooperate…

The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not itself outlaw slavery, and did not make the ex-slaves (called freedmen) citizens

THE PROCLAMATION Did the Proclamation free all of the slaves?

How did the southerners react to this action?

How did the reaction affect the views of other nations such as Europe?

How important was the document?

THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE For the first time in American History, all

slaves were to be “free” However, they were expected to serve

in the union forces What does this make you think about the

purpose behind Lincoln signing the proclamation? Is the transition into service smooth for the A.A.?

Tensions even in the north were high, many Americans thought they would lose their jobs to the freed men.

THE BLACK SOLDIER 179K A.A served in the civil war40K would be killed30K of those deaths were due to illness and infection

54TH REGIMENT MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY

One of the first all black units to see extensive action during the war

Lead by Robert Gould Shaw The regiment's first battlefield

action took place on James Island, South Carolina.The regiment stopped a Confederate assault, losing 42 men in the process

III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNS Battle of Gettysburg-July 1-3, 1863 – in PA-turning point in the war -largest battle ever fought in N.A. – Union

had 88,000 - Conf. had 75,000

July 1 – Conf. soldiers looking for supplies (esp. shoes) met Union soldiers in Gettysburg – both sides took positions outside of town

III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNSJuly 2 – day of movement and positioning –

Lee ordered Gen. James Longstreet to attack the southern Union line (Little Round Top) – attack failed

III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNSJuly 3 – Lee decided to attack the Union

center – Longstreet opposed – after 2 hrs. of artillery fire the South attacked-Gen. George Pickett org. 12,500 troops to march across the 1-mile-long wide open field towards Cemetery Ridge (Pickett’s Charge)-complete disaster for Conf. – only ½ returned

III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNS-Union victory-Casualties: Union – 23,000

Conf. – 28,000

Result:1) bloodiest battle of the war 2) Lee blamed himself and retreated back

to VA – lost 1/3 of his army

III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNS Gettysburg Address (Nov. 19, 1863) – 15,000

met at the cemetery to honor the Union dead – Edward Everette gave a 2 hr. speech – Lincoln then gave a 2 min. speech

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

FINAL DAYS OF THE WAR Election of 1864

Abe Lincoln was elected again by votesTook this as approval for his war strategy and

political stances on slavery With the aid of opposing democrats, Lincoln

passed the 13th Amendment on Jan. 31st 1865

SURRENDER Union Calvary blocked Lee’s retreat in

Appomattox Lee was forced to surrender

“There is nothing to do but to go see grant, and I would rather die a thousand times”

Lee surrendered on April 9th, 1865

TERMS OF SURRENDER Grant guaranteed that no rebel soldier would

be trialed for treason

Grant also allowed all the soldiers to take…Their horses…back homeWhy would they do that?

BY THE NUMBERS The civil war accounted for 620,000 American

deaths

620,000 DEATHS Would be the equivalent of everyone in the

city of Boston Massachusetts (617K)Seattle Washington (608K)Nashville (601K) Louisville (597K)

Disappearing in a span of 5 years This is Bowling Green’s Population 10 times over

DEATH OF LINCOLN On April 14th, 1865—Lincoln went with his wife

to see a play John Wilkes Booth slipped behind the

president and shot him at point blank range in the back of the head

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qAeFjCscRY